Objectives To investigate neuroprotective effect of melatonin on preterm rats brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Methods In this study, 5-day-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal saline group, melatonin group, HI+NS group and HI+melatonin group. HI was conducted by unilateral ligation of the left common carotid artery (ische-mia) and 50 min of hypoxia. Melatonin was injected at a dose of 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally three times:before ischemia, after hy-poxia and 24 h after the second dose. The pups were sacrificed at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 weeks after HI;for galectin-3 cells count at 72 h and 7 weeks;TNF-α, IL-1βprotein were measured in 24 h and 72 h after HI;and fear condition and elevated plus maze were tested in 7 weeks after HI. Results The number of galectin-3-positive cells was lower after melatonin treatment than vehi-cle treatment in 72 h and 7 weeks after HI (all P<0.05). TNF-αprotein and IL-1βprotein both increased at 24 h and 72 h after HI, and reduced after melatonin treatment (all P<0.05). Melatonin treatment improved memory ability and learning ability, re-duced anxiety in 7 weeks after HI. Conclusions Melatonin has long-term and short-term protective effect on developing brain damage after HI.

ObjectivesTo study the mechanism of brain damage caused byStaphylococcus epidermidis (SE) in mice. Methods A total of 80 neonatal mice of postnatal day 1 (PND1) were divided into SE group (48 mice), normal saline (NS) group (16 mice) and control group (16 mice). Mice in SE group were intravenously injected with 50 μl SE (108/ml). Mice in NS group were given 50 μl NS. Mice in control group were not intervened. At different time points after SE injection (6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 5 d, 7 d), the CFU of brain, blood, and spleen were calculated. Serial sections of parafifn-embedded brain tissue were used for detection of ionized calcium-binding adaptor moleculor1 (Iba-1) by immunohistochemical staining. The positive cells were calculated. ELISA was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6) of brain at 6 h and 24 h after SE injection.Results There was no SE in brain in different time points. The CFU was at the highest level at 6 h and then decreased after 24 h in blood and spleen. The Iba-1 positive cells in SE group were signiifcantly increased compared to NS group and control group at 24 h and 72 h (P<0.05). There was no difference of Iba-1 positive cells be-tween 24 h and 72 h after SE injection (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, and IL-6 were signiifcantly higher in SE group than those in NS and control at 6 h and 24 h (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, and IL-6 were signiifcantly lower in SE group at 24 h than those in SE group at 6 h (P<0.01).Conclusions It is suggested that cytokines produced by microglias may be the mediators of SE-caused brain damage.

Objective To resolve the problem of the accuracy and standardization of STR-PCR typing in forensic practice,construct DXS6804 allelic ladder by molecular clonning and apply them in a population study on the Pumi population in Yunnan,China.Methods PCR was used to produce several different allelic fragments of the locus.After cloning the PCR products,the recombinant plasmids were sequenced.Then we denominated them and used them as template for re-amplification to generate the locus standard ladder.Results The sequencing results confirmed that the size and the construction of the inserts were correct.The genetic polymorphisms of this locus in Yunnan Pumi population of China were studied.Two off-ladder alleles of DXS6804 locus were found.Conclusion This method is of high value for forensic DNA typing to construct standard ladders.DXS6804 is robust for genetic research and forensic application.

Objective:To investigate surgical indications and operative techniques of intracranial arachnoid cysts(IAC). Methods:Thirty patients with IAC treated in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command were analyzed retrospectively.Cyst wall removal and communicated cyst with adjacent cistern or subarachnoid space was performed in 18 patients,cyst-peritoneal shunt in 8 patients,simple resection in 4 patients. Results: Follow-up CT scans after surgery showed that all cysts disappear or shrinked.Conclusion: Cyst-peritoneal shunt was indicated in recurrent cysts after resection,senile patients and infants.Microsurgery resection of the cyst is preferred in majority of the patients,removal of the cyst wall and communicating the cyst with arachnoid cistern were key procedures for preventing relapse.

Objective In this study,the fluorine release behavior of six glass ionomer cements (GIC) samples was investigated in distilled water and artificial saliva.Methods The fluorine release behavior in GIC was measured by gas chromatography.Results Various GIC materials had the maxium fluorine release rate in the beginning,and the rate decreased rapidly.After 56 days,although the fluorine release quantity was in a trend of decreasing,the release process can be retained during a long period.For No3,No5,and No6 sampler,the fluorine release quantity in artificial saliva was lower than distilled water,whereas no significant difference was observed for Nol and No2 materials.The No4 sample produced a larger fluorine release quantity in artificial saliva.It can also be conducted that the immersible time of GIC and the fluorine release quantity met the equation of log ( Y ) =a + b x log ( t ).Conclusion The fluorine release behavior of six GIC matched the logarithmic regulation.

Objectives To study the influence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) on the neonatal mice of different ages. Methods A total of 60 neonatal mice including postnatal day 1(PND1) and postnatal day 3(PND3) were divided into SE group, normal saline (NS) group and control group, with 20 mice each. Mice in SE group were intravenously injected with 50μl SE (108/ml). Mice in NS group were given 50μl NS and mice in control group was not intervened. On postnatal day 14, the brain, liver and spleen obtained from mice were weighted. Serial sections of paraffin-embedded brain tissue were used for the detec-tion of microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) by immumohistochemical staining, and then the areas and volumes of grey and white matter were calculated. Result The mortality of PND1 mice in SE and NS group was 60.0%and 40.0%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). The mortality of PND3 mice in SE and NS group was 10.0%and 0.0%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). There were no dif-ferences in body weight, body weight gain, spleen and liver weights and organ coefficient between PND1 and PND3 mice (P>0.05). In PND1 mice, the areas and volumes of grey and white matter were significantly smaller in SE group than those in NS group (P<0.05). However, in PND3 mice, there was no differences in areas and volumes of grey and white matter between SE and NS group (P>0.05). Conclusions SE infection can result in brain injury in PND1 mice, but has no effect on brain tissues of PND3 mice.

Abstract: Objective　To study the biological function of the possible efflux pump gene BPSL1972 in Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), so as to improve the drug resistance mechanism of Bp. Methods BPSL1972 gene knockout strain and its complement strain were constructed by homologous recombination and electric shock transformation, respectively. BPSL1972 protein expression vector was constructed by enzyme digestion and enzyme-linked method. The BPSL1972-encoded protein was expressed using a His-tag protein expression kit and the expressed proteins were verified by Western Blot. The changes in drug sensitivity, growth, biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity were compared by microbroth dilution assay, Kirby-Bauer assay, turbidimetric assay, tube assay, crystal violet staining, and CCK-8 kit. The physicochemical properties of BPSL1972 were predicted by Protscale and Protparam online websites, the signal peptide of BPSL1972 was predicted by SignalP 5.0 online website, and the transmembrane domain and gene function of BPSL1972 were predicted by Smart online website. The 3D structure of BPSL1972-encoded protein and its homology were analyzed through Phyre 2 online website. Results The predictions suggested that the BPSL1972-encoded protein is a class of neutral-stable hydrophobic protein with a lipoprotein signal peptide and a transmembrane region, classified under the RND efflux pump system with two lipoprotein outer membrane efflux proteins, potentially mediating macrolide resistance. Its 3D modeling results show high homology to VceC and fusaric acid efflux protein, possibly mediating the efflux of ion activators. Sequencing results confirmed the successful construction of both the deletion mutant strain and complement strain. However, there were no significant differences in biological characteristics between the deletion mutant strain and the wild-type strain, and there was also no significant difference in resistance to antibiotics such as cephalosporins, quinolones, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and surfactants such as sodium deoxycholate. Conclusion BPSL1972 may be an auxiliary gene of LysR family, and this auxiliary gene is secondary, thus resulting in no functional changes after its deletion. Further research is needed to investigate whether it has resistance to other antibiotics such as fusaric acid and its specific replacement or auxiliary function.

The pollen grains of 24 cultivarieties of Primus mimic of Rosaceae, which were collected from Shanghai, Hangzhou and Changxing. were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The pollen morphology of P.mume was first described as polytypism which could be distinguish into two classes and five types. Not only the pollen grains with 3-colporate. which were the primary form, but also the pollen grains with 4-colporate existed in many cultivarieties of P- tnume. The constitute of pollen types and sterility rate in each cultivarieties were also analysed. The result provides scientific reference for pollen identification, breeding and palynology.

Objective · To investigate the effect of metformin on insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic parameters in olanzapine-bearing rats.Methods · Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into metformin intervention group, olanzapine group and control group. During the first 6 weeks,5 mg /(kg·d) olanzapine was given to the two test groups . The control group was given the same amount of saline. From the 7th week, the intervention group began to combine with metformin 500 mg / (kg·d), while the olanzapine group combined with the same amount of saline, continuing for 4 weeks.At the end of 6th week and 10th week, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and homeostasis model assessment IR index were assessed. Results · The area under the glucose tolerance curve (P=0.040) and the IR index (P=0.000) were significantly higher for the intervention group and the olanzapine group than the control group at the end of 6th week. At the 10th weekend, the glucose tolerance (P=0.015) and IR index in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the olanzapine group (P=0.001). Conclusion · Metformin may rectify the impaired glucose tolerance and improve IR induced by olanzapine partly.

A new nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assay was developed to detect human parvovirus B19 DNA corresponding to the nonstructural protein in clinical specimens in a routine diagnostic laboratory. The sensitivity of this highly specific assay was up to 0.005 fg of B19 DNA. Parvovirus B19 was identified in sera of 20 pregnant women with abnormal pregnant outcome. Among these 20 cases, intrauterine parvovirus infection did exist in 7 pregnant women because parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the pregnant tissues of them such as placenta tissues, chorionic villi, amniotic fluid, fetal spleen, liver and abdominal fluids.
DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Parvoviridae Infections/*virology ; Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics ; Parvovirus B19, Human/*isolation & purification ; Placenta/virology ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*analysis