European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology jointly published new guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in 2007.It reflected the the latest developments on comprehensive assessment,treatment modalities and strategies,as well as therapeutic approach for special populations.In addition,the new guidelines updated evaluation.It also stressed the importance of an early,faster and more stringent treatment and aggressive combination therapy.More impartantly,it requested prevention and treatment earlier.It is of great importance for the guidelines to guide the current diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the expanding of Chinese traditional medicine enterprises in USA market.METHODS:The management mode of the botanical preparations in the USA and the related laws and regulations were overviewed from the perspectives of dietary replenisher and drug areas.RESULTS&CONSCLUSION:For the entry of Chi?nese traditional medicine into the USA market,a realistic way of behavior for the time being is to adopt a step-by-step pol?icy,i.e.first of all,a research of the standard botanical extracts should be conducted before entering into the USA market in the status of dietary replenishers,then the clinical research application was raised after marketing in USA market for several years,eventually,new drug application was raised.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate a better understanding of the European Union(EU)herbal drugs market for Chinese TCM enterprises and to promote the internationalization of Chinese traditional medicines.METHODS:The opportunities and challenges confronted by TCM enterprises in their expanding of their products in the EU herbal medicine market were analyzed based on the knowledge about market size,market segmentation,consumption patters and developmental tendencies of the EU herbal medicine market.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:There were both opportunities and challenges for the expanding of traditional Chinese medicines in the EU herbal medicine market,yet on the whole,the opportunities were more than the challenge.Chinese enterprises should strive to further expand the EU herbal medicine market.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the reasonable use of antibiotic drugs.METHODS:the causes of antibiotics drug abuse were analyzed.The regulation on standardizing antibiotic drug sales by State Food and Drug Administration as well as its influence were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:some conceptions and suggestions are tentatively put forward.

OBJECTIVE:In order to enhance the quality control of Chinese botanical extracts and to facilitate the entry of Chinese botanical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine into the international market.METHODS:The market overview of the botanical extracts was expounded,problems existed in the quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts were analyzed,and the significance and key points in establishing Good Extracting Practice(GEP)of the traditional Chinese medicine were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts must be emphasized,which means to establish the feasible quality standard;the production process should be optimized and the corresponding‘Standard Operating Procedure’should be formed;advanced technology and facilities should be adopted to improve the content of hi-tech,the toxic substances should be strictly controlled;the quality of the raw material should be guaranteed,the connection between which and the‘Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs'should be strengthened.

Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical pregnancy outcomes of laparoscopic treatment for different degrees of tubal adhesion and tubal distal occlusion.Methods Clinical information of 41 infertile patients from April 2001 to December 2005 was reviewed.According to the extent of tubal and pelvic lesion,the patients were classified as stage Ⅰ in 10 patients,stage Ⅱ in 10,stage Ⅲ in 17,and stage Ⅳ in 6.After a diagnosis was made by hysterosalpinggography(HSG),all the patients received a salpingostomy and adhesionlysis under laparoscope.Results No abnormal findings were detected by hysteroscopy and bilateral tubes were patent after operation in all the 41 patients.The 10 patients at stage Ⅰ were followed up for 12~21 months.Four of them got pregnant in six months and 1 got pregnant in 1 year because of intermittent separation,all the 5 patients being intrauterine pregnancy.The 8 patients at stage Ⅱ were followed up for 12~26 months.Three patients got pregnant,including intrauterine pregnancy in 1 and ectopic pregnancy in 2.The pregnancy occurred at 15,16,and 26 months after operation,respectively.The 17 patients at stage Ⅲ were followed up for 3~48 months.Four had pregnancy,at 3,4,12,and 14 months after operation,respectively,including intrauterine pregnancy in 1 and ectopic pregnancy in 3.The 6 patients at stage Ⅳ were followed up for 12~36 months and no pregnancy was observed.Among the 12 patients with pregnancy,8 got pregnant within 12 months and 3 at 13~18 months after operation,the pregnancy rate within 18 months being 91.7%(11/12). Conclusions Clinical pregnancy outcomes are related with the degree of tubal lesion and adnexal adhesion.Patients at stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ have better pregnancy outcomes than patients at stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopic ovarian drilling for treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)in clomiphene citrate-resistant infertile women.Methods Between February 2008 and November 2008,11 clomiphene citrate-resistant anovulatory women with PCOS mean age:(29.3?3.7)years,mean body mass index:(24.3?8.3)kg/m2] were enrolled in this study.Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy using a F5 bipolar needle was performed on the patients to create 5-15 holes with a free length of 0.8 cm and a diameter of 0.2 mm in each ovary(electrocoagulation time 10-15 sec).Results A mean of(17?6)holes were made in both the ovaries in the patients.No surgical complications occurred.The levels of LH,FSH,and androstenedione dropped from(14.7?4.5)IU/L,(7.1?6.4)IU/L,and(12.2?4.4)nmol/L to(10.5?3.7)IU/L,(6.4?1.7)IU/L,and(8.9?3.0)nmol/L(t=2.389,P=0.027;t=1.007,P=0.326;and t=2.104,P=0.048)respectively after the operation.The patients were followed up for 2 to 9 months,during the period 6(54.5%)patients recovered spontaneous menstruation,among which 3 recovered ovulatory cycles(27.3%)and 2(18.2%)had spontaneous pregnancy.In the other 8 patients who didn't recover spontaneous menstruation,5 cases received CC or FSH(one of them was pregnant after the treatment);1 case was not pregnant though received IVF;and 2 are still in follow-up.Conclusions Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopic ovarian drilling is safe and effective for clomiphene citrate-resistant infertile women.

BACKGROUND:Impact mechanics properties of thoracic vertebra cancellous bone should be understood in treating osteoporosis,bone remodeling,bone reconstruction,as well as fixator selection for thoracic vertebral fracture.Most of previous studies concerning youth and the elderly bodies alone,reports regarding impact of thoracic vertebra cancellous bone mechanical properties are few.OBJECTIVE:To perform impact experiment to the normal people youth and the elderly fresh corpse thoracic vertebra cancellous bone to survey the impact mechanical properties,and to definite whether the impact mechanical properties of thoracic vertebra trabecular bone have difference between youth and the elderly people.METHODS:Experimental samples were from 4 normal fresh corpse,aged 20,25,70 and 75 years,were provided by Department of Anatomy,Norman Bethune Medical University.Spinal column thoracic vertebra T_(3-12) specimen were obtained from corpse within 1 hours and cut into 40 mm×6 mm×6 mm pieces,with 20 test pieces in each group.The impact experiment was performed using energy liberation method at room temperature under 28 ℃.After experiment,the impact energy was displayed automatic on testing machine,and the impact toughness was calculated by mechanical formula,and the morphology of fracture surface was observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The impact energy and impact toughness of the youth group was obviously greater than that of the elderly group (P＜0.05).Majority of the fracture surfaces were comminuted,minority were transverse or oblique fracture.The macroscopic observation showed that trabecular arranged compact in the thoracic vertebra cancellous bone of the youth group,which was sparse arrangement and presented with senile osteoporosis in the elderly group.It demonstrated that the impact mechanics properties of thoracic vertebra cancellous bone are different between the youth and elderly groups,and osteoporosis changes impact mechanics properties in the elderly people.

Objective To study the distribution of allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and to investigate their repair effects on joint damages. Methods Five Wistar rats were used for extraction of mesenchymal stem cells and 30 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the CIA rats group A (n=10), CIA rats group B (n=10) and normal rats control group C (n=10). BM-MSCs of Wistar rats were isolated, cultured in vitro routinely and the fourth passages was taken for identification of specific surface antigens by flow cytometry, then the cells were labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) in vitro. The models of CIA rats were established. 5-BrdU labeled BM-MSCs (1.0×107 cells/kg) were imfused from through tail vein to CIA rats group A and control group C. During the first 4 weeks after BM-MSCs transplantation, changes of general condition and left hind paw swelling were examined. At the fourth week, immunohistochemical examination of 5 -BrdU and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were performed to investigate BM-MSCs aggregation around the knee joints. The contribution of BM -MSCs to repairing of joint damages was identified. Comparisons between groups were performed by t-test. Results After BM-MSCs transplantation, left hindpaw swelling of group A were relieved compared with group B (P＜0.05) and the mobility of the joints was significantly improved. At the fourth week, much more implanted cells (5-BrdU positive cells.) were detected in the damaged knee joints than those in normal knee joints. The average grey scale values on synovium of knee joints in the CIA group A (85±9) was significantly lower than that of the normal group C (110±6, P＜0.05). At the same time, OPG expression was increased in damaged knee joints. The average grey scale values on synovium of knee joints in CIA group A (54±4) was significantly lower than that of the CIA group B (77±6, P＜0.05). Conclusion The transplanted allogeneic bone marrow mesenchy-mal stem cells can migrate to sites of damaged tissue in arthritis. They can prevent tissue damage and repair the damaged joints tissue by increasing OPG expression. This study has provided some evidence for developing effective therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.