To investigate the role of ERC,6 gene in the growth rate and antifungal susceptibility,Aspergillus fumigatus strain with extra copies of ERG6 gene was constructed.Open reading frame (ORF) of putative ERG6 gene was searched in A.fumigatus genome.A PCR fragment, ERG6 ORF sandwiched by its flanking sequences (about 1 kb respectively),was amplified and was then subcloned into vector pRG-AMA1- NotI to produce a recombinant plasmid pERG6,which was further transformed into uracil auxotroph A.fumigatus strain AF293.1 to produce the transformant AF-pERG6.In the same time,empty plasmid pRG-AMA1-NotI was also transformed into A.fumigatus strain AF293.1 to produce the transformant AF-empty as a control.Radial growth of the transformants was tested on minimal medium (MM) and YAG medi- um.Antifungal susceptibilities of these resahing transformants,AF-pERG6 and AF-empty,to the common antifungal agents were performed by using both disk diffusion and broth microdillution methods.A.fumigatus genome contains a ERG6 gene,of which the ORF size is 1 256 bp.Comparing to Candida albicans and Sacchromyces cerivisiae sterol methyltransferase,A.fumigatus Erg6p had 57% and 50% identity, and had 70% and 63% similarity in amino acid sequences,respectively.Radial growth of transformant AF-pERG6 was slower than that of transformant AF-empty.The antifungal susceptibilties of transformant AF-pERG6 to the antifungal drugs itraconazole,voriconazole,terbin- aline,amphotericin B,caspofungin and grisefolvin were same to that of transformant AF-empty.In A.fumigatus,extra copies of ERG6 gene have no effect on antifungal susceptibilities to itraconazole,voriconazole,terbinafine,amphotericin B,caspofungin and grisefolvin.Radial growth of A.fumigatus harboring extra copies of ERG6 gene becomes slower compared to the control.

0.05). After operation, in the pedicle screw fixation group the indexes were restored, but the restoration was lost gradually at later follow- up stage. Their superior- inferior endplate angle before operation averaged 19.5? , but 8.6? after operation, and 20.0? at the latest follow- up. Their wedged angle before operation averaged 20.7? , but 9.1? after operation, and 15.9? at the latest follow- up. In the non- pedicle- screw fixation group, the indexes decreased gradually at the later follow- up. Their average superior- inferior endplate angle before operation was 16.6? , 14.6? after operation, and 23.0? at the latest follow- up. Their average wedged angle before operation was 15.6? , 16.6? after operation, and 22? at the latest follow- ups. Conclusions The height of the fractured vertebra may be lost and the wedged vertebra may occur again after surgery but conditions may become stable in 2 years. The spinal kyphosis deformity, however, may go on. Its possible causes are structural changes of the vertebra after surgery, the early degenerative changes of the adjacent intervertebral discs, and osteoporosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of mini-thoracotomy for open heart surgery.Methods From December 1995 to January 2008,810 patients including 660 cases of congenital heart diseases,129 cases of valvular heart diseases and 21 cases of heart myxoma,underwent open heart surgery by mini-thoracotomy through cardiopulmonary bypass in our hospital.Among the cases,superior median sternotomy was performed on 36 patients,inferior median sternotomy was made on 59,right parasternal mini-thoracotomy was carried out in 3,right anterolateral thoracotomy was done on 658,and right axillary mini-thoracotomy was used in 54.A total of 382 patients received beating-heart surgery.Results The postoperative mortality in our patients was 1.5%(12 cases).In this series,the mean postoperative mechanical ventilation time,drainage volume,and hospital stay were(6.7?4.2) hours,(210?165) ml,and(7.4?4.9) days respectively.421 of the patients received no blood transfusion.None of the patients developed sternal dehiscence or mediastinal infection.Follow-up was available in 690(85%) of the patients up to a mean of(48.2?25.3) months,none of them died during the period.The cardiac function of the patients was significantly improved after the operation(preparation vs postoperation: 310 cases vs 478 cases for grade Ⅰ,438 vs 212 for grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ,and 62 vs 0 for grade Ⅳ,Z=-13.21,P=0.000).The mean cardiothoracic ratio was decreased significantly after the operation(0.51?0.11 vs 0.53?0.08,t=4.065,P=0.000),while the left ventricular ejection fraction was increased markedly(0.63?0.11 vs 0.57?0.11,t=-10.529,P=0.000).Conclusions The mini-thoracotomy is superior in cosmetic results and the postoperative morbidity rates of sternal malformation and infection.Proper selection of patients,good exposure of the surgical field,and skillful surgical procedures are crucial for the outcomes of the operation.

Objective To observe the influence of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on blood loss and hemostatic function after cardiac surgery with extracorpoteal circulation.Methods Forty-one patients undergoing congenital heart operations, were randomly allocated to double--blindly receiving 0.3ug/kg DDAVP in a 50 ml saline(group DDAVP, n = 20) and 50ml normal saline (group placebo, n = 21) over 15 min after protamine infusion. Blood samples were obtained before operation, immediately before studied drug administration and 1 h after the administration, to measure the hematocrit, platelet count and aggregation, Factor Ⅷ coagulant activity and von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration. Results The first postoperative 24-hour blood loss was significantly lower in group DDAVP than in group placebo [ (178 ? 90) ml vs (291 ? 98 ) ml, P 0 .05); The plasma level of vWF and factor Ⅷ coagulant activity markedly increased 1h after DDAVP administration as compared with those in group placebo, before operation and after protamine infusion in group DDAVP (P

From October 1969 through December 1981, 3483 esoghageal carcinomas without superficial lymphatic metastasis were treated by 60 Co in our hospital. The radiation dose was over 50Gy and follow-up was over ten years. Results: No significant difference of survival rates was found in various cancer locations in the esophagus combined with the data between our hospital and Xingtai Tumor Hospital, the 5-year survival rates for lower third esophageal cancer were 20.7%～36.4% in surgery group and only 4.3% in radiation group. The 5-year survival rates were also significantly diffrent between radiation group(34.7%) and surgery group (64.9%) for cancer length of

Objective　To establish the method of alloantigen-specific T lymphocyte clones. Methods　PBMC of the recipient was stimulated by donor splenocytes for twice and the stimulated T lymphocytes were cloned by limited dilution. Results　Three clones of T lymphocytes were obtained. By analysis of immunohistochemistry, two of the three clones were CD3+CD4-CD8+, another one was CD3+CD4-CD8-. The latter was analyzed by flowcytometry and CD3+ was 98.87%, CD4- 97.05%, CD8- 97.14%. Antigen specificity of the cloned T lymphocytes was determined by stimulation of donor splenocytes and non-related individual splenocytes. When stimulated by donor splenocytes, the cloned T lymphocytes proliferated and did not show proliferative role when stimulated by non-related individual splenocytes. Conclusion　Our method of cloning alloantigen-specific T lymphocytes is successful.

Objective: To review clinical characteristics of cardiac and pericardial hydatid cysts and assess the results of surgical treatment. Methods: From February 1978 to July 1999, 13 patients were diagnosed as heart and/or pericardium echinococcosis. There were nine male and four female. Their age ranged from 8 to 36 years ［mean (23.0±8.5) years］. 10 patients were symptomatic and 3 were asymptomatic. 3 patients had involvement of liver or lung. Pathologic cardiac murmur or cardiac enlargements were found in 10 patients. All patients were examined with chest roentgenograms, electrocardiogram and echocardiography. The serologic test was positive in 11 cases and negative in 3 cases. One right atrial cyst was removed under extracorporal circulation. 4 single pericardial cyst and multi-pericardial cyst were resected, 6 myocardial cysts and one complicated myocard ial and pericardial cysts were resected through puncture-aspiration endocystect omy. Results: All patients were followed up from six months to six years ［mean (3.5±1.5) years］. One late death occurred ten-month after operation, and the cause of death was heart failure. 3 patients had recurrence and were reoperated. Conclusion: The clinical characters may vary according to the number, size and location of cysts. Echocardiography is important for surgical planning. The results of endocystectomy of cardiac and pericardial echinococcosis were excellent.

Objective To observe the effects of nursing intervention on the treatment compliance in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 117 cases of elderly hypertensive patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group.All patients in two groups were given routine drug treatment and care.On this basis,the patients in the observation group were interfered according to the treatment compliance,such as medication time,monitoring blood pressure,health education and so on.The evaluation was done 6 months after discharge. Results The treatment compliance of the observation group was much higher than that of the control group.The treatment compliance effect of the observation group showed much better than that of the control group with significant difference(P＜0.01).In the blood pressure of admission,there was no significant difference between the two groups.The blood pressure of the observation group was significantly decreased than that of the control group after 6 months follow- up with significant difference(P＜0.05). Conclusion The nursing intervention can significantly improve the treatment compliance and antihypertensive effect in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To observe the effects of nursing intervention on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 60 patients with COPD were given specific nursing intervention when their conditions were stable after the routine care. Results After 12 months of nursing intervention,their symptoms were relieved or disappeared,such as cough,sputum and shortness of breath.Physical strength improved significantly,partial pressure of oxygen elevated,carbon dioxide partial pressure reduced with significant difference(P＜0.01).Lung functions FEV1(%)and FEV1/FVC(%)were improved,and 6MWD(m)was significantly increased after intervention(P＜0.01). Conclusion The nursing intervention can significantly improve lung function and quality of life in elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Hydrogen sulfide is found to be the third gasotransmitter.It exerts extensive biological effects in nerve system,cardiovascular system,gastrointestinal system,and so on.In cardiovascular system,it exerts the function of vasorelaxation,inhibition of vascular smooth mu-scle cells and cardioprotection.It is also concerted with many cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension,hypertension,coronary heart disease,atherosclerosis.This review discusses the latest research progress in the significance of hydrogen sulfide in cardiovascular diseases.