Adenosine Triphosphatases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Sulfinic Acids ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the incidence rate, total incidence numbers and possible impacting factors of non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods The NMS questionnaire (NMS Quest) was used to investigate 131 out-patients diagnosed with PD, and the prevalence of each item, the total NMS numbers and their relationships with clinical features were assessed. Results All of the patients, who were distributed in every stage of PD, had NMSs and each case with 11 items on average. Autonomic symptoms such as nocturia and constipation were the most frequent ones. The patients over 65 versus less than 65 years old had a higher prevalence in a number of items such as olfactory disturbance, dysphagia and constipation. At the same time, the rigidity subtype patients had a higher prevalence in depression items than the tremor subtype ones.The total number of NMS was positively correlated with course of disease, age, UPDRS score and Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage. Conclusions NMSs are common among PD patients. While the prevalence of each item may vary with different clinical features, the total number of NMS is increased with the severity of PD. More attention should be paid to the diagnosis and rational treatment of the NMSs.

0 05) , repectively. Of all dementia, AD and VD accounted for 58 48% and 31 58%, respectively. The AD prevalence in female was higher than that in male( P 0 05). The prevalence of total dementia, AD and VD tended to increase with aging( P 0 05). The prevalence of dementia increased one fold every five year of age increasing. The prevalence of dementia and AD in illiterate group was higher than in educated people with elementary school level and above junior high school level ( P

Objective: To study the influence of screening dementia with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) combining with delay memory test . Methods: MMSE and delay memory test are used in screening 301 residents. The diagnosis of dementia is according to the DSM-Ⅲ-R criterion. The validity and reliability were studied when the MMSE and delay memory test were used to screen dementia alone or combined. Results: When MMSE was used to screen dementia alone, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 85.40%, 52.43%, 47.56% and 14.60% respectively. When delay memory test was used to screen dementia alone, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 74.45%, 92.07%, 7.93% and 25.55% respectively. If parallel connection of MMSE and delay memory test were used to screen dementia, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 95.62%, 49.39%, 50.61% and 4.38% respectively. If MMSE was in series with delay memory test, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion of screening dementia were 64.23%, 95.73%, 4.27% and 35.77% respectively. Conclusion: The parallel connection of MMSE and delay memory test can elevate sensitivity of screening dementia and decrease false negative proportion, so it is important in epidemiologic investigation. MMSE in series with delay memory test will raise specificity of screening dementia and decrease false positive proportion, so it is useful for diagnosing early dementia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three chemotherapy regimens and partial excision of the affected vertebrae for spinal tuberculosis. Methods Between December 1998 and November 2003, 76 cases with spinal tuberculosis were treated with chemotherapy and surgical intervention. All pa-tients were divided into three groups randomly to receive one of three different courses of chemotherapy. Among these, 38 cases were selected to receive ultra-short-course chemotherapy regimen with 2SHRZ/ 2.5H2R2Z2, 23 of short-course with 3SHRZ/5H2R2Z2, and 15 of standard with 3SHRZ/9H2R2Z2. The duration of the preoperative chemotherapy of the three groups was about the same with an average of 21 days (15 to 40 days). All patients underwent anterior partial excision of the affected vertebrae, large iliac strut graft and anterior or posterior fixation. Results The mean follow-up time of the ultra-short-course, short-course and standard chemotherapy groups were 23, 28 and 45 months respectively. The observed indices included: 1) Clinical manifestation: disappearance of TB symptoms, the nerve function recovered, life and the work activ-ities. 2) Lab tests: both ESR and CRP data or either of them in normal or near normal status. 3) X-ray, CT and MRI examination: abscesses, new lesion, absorption of the bone grafts, translucent line between bone graft and vertebral body, and correction of kyphotic deformity. 4) Ultrasonic examination: no opaque dark area at the sites where there might be the paravertebral or gravity abscesses. 5) Drug complications: the hepatic and renal function of patients at follow up were normal or close to normal. The follow-up showed that all the three groups achieved excellent results. Conclusion Treatment of spinal tuberculosis with anterior partial excision of pathologic vertebrae, large iliac strut graft and anterior or posterior internal instrumental fixation in either ultra-short-course, short-course or standard chemotherapy all achieved excellent therapeutic effects. There was no difference among three different courses of chemotherapy.

DS ③Combined MMSE with one or more of FOM、RVR 、BD、DS,the validity of diagnosis was improved.Conclusion: Neuropsychological test is useful in diagnosis of AD.The validity is improved when MMSE are combined correctly with other rating scales.

Congresses as Topic ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Rhinitis ; surgery ; Skull Base ; surgery

Objective To compare 2 approaches with different culture media which induce hyphal form of Candida albicans.Methods Induction of hyphal form was conducted for 16 C.albicans strains with either RPMI 1640 medium or DMEM medium,at 37 ℃ for 24 h,respectively.The hyphal and yeast forms were counted separately and the ratio of hyphal form to total cells was calculated.Results The ratio of hyphal form to total cells was higher in RPMI 1640 medium than that in DMEM medium at the same incubation time for the majority of strains.The ratio was above 99% for all strains after 7-day incubation with 12 times of passages in RPMI 1640 medium at 37 ℃.Moreover the ratio of hyphal form was significantly higher for fluconazole-susceptible strains than that for fluconazole dose-dependent susceptible and resistant strains in incubation with DMEM medium at 37 ℃.Conclusion Incubation with RPMI 1640 medium at 37 ℃ for 7 days seems a favorable condition to induce hyphal form of C.albicans.

With its important functions as load-bearing, shock absorption, stabilization, lubrication and congruency, the meniscus plays an important part in the complex biomechanics of the knee joint. Therefore it is still a challenging question for knee surgeons to reconstruct the function of meniscus which was injured or resected. This review details current efforts to transplant or to replace a meniscus.

Humans ; Adolescent ; DNA/genetics* ; Genotype