To study the function of expelling water retention with drastic purgative of different polarities of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar on the cancerous ascites model rats, the furosemide was taken as positive control drug, and the cancerous ascites model rats were respectively orally administered with different polarities of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar for 7 d. The amount of urine and ascites, the level of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride ion and pH, and the content of PRL1, AII, ALD in serum were investigated. Compared with model groups, ethyl acetate extract group showed a decreasing trend in ascites; the amount of urine of showed a significant increase (P < 0.05); the level of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride ion (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), pH (P < 0.05), and the content of PRL1, AII, ALD in serum all showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01). The effects of petroleum ether extract and n-butanol extract were weaker than that of ethyl acetate extract. The water exact was the weakest. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract is the active part of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar on the function of expelling water retention with drastic purgative on the cancerous ascites model rats, alleviating the water-electrolyte disorder and body fluid acid-base imbalance, regulating the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
Animals ; Ascites ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Cathartics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Potassium ; urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; urine ; Water ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEDiscussing the natural history and the influencing factors of HIV infection among former commercial blood and plasma donors engaged in unsafe blood donation practices in China.

METHODSUsing ambispective cohort study, with data obtained from ten counties (districts) from six provinces in the National AIDS Control Demonstration Area. HIV/AIDS cases were found and confirmed prior to July 24, 2006 being former commercial blood. Plasma donors were selected and data regarding infection, incidence, death, and influencing factors was collected. Analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0 statistical analysis software.

RESULTS(1) In 7551 cases of HIV infection, there were 6533 typical progressors (86.52%, 4757 cases of AIDS), 108 rapid progressors (1.43%), 910 long-term non-progressors (12.05%) with 4865 cases progressed to AIDS (64.43%). The median incubation period for HIV progression to AIDS was nine years (95% CI:8.96-9.04). (2) According to data, from a total of 1157 AIDS cases without ARV therapy (23.78% of total AIDS cases), there were 283 confirmed AIDS-related deaths, of which the median survival time was 6 months (95% CI:4-7) and the two and three year fatality rates were 95% and 99%, respectively. (3) The duration of HIV incubation period was irrespective to gender and age at the time of HIV infection (P > 0.05). Length of survival for untreated AIDS showed correlation to gender (P < 0.05) but no correlation with culture, marital status or age at the time of diagnosis of AIDS (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the UNAIDS theory regarding slow disease progressors among adults, our study showed a longer AIDS incubation period and shorter outlook for untreated survival, but a similar incubation period for other routes of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Donors ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Incubation Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 in CDKN2B-AS1 gene and female premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) occurrence. Methods: Our research included 2 groups: pCAD group, n=226 consecutive patients≤65 years of age and Control group, n=79 subjects with matched age,without CAD. The genotype of CDKN2B-AS1 SNP rs4977574 was detected by SNaPshot. Blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were examined; relationships between rs4977574 polymorphism and the above parameters were assessed. Results: Compared to Control group, pCAD group had increased blood levels of TG, UA, FPG and HbA1c, P<0.05. With adjusted age, body mass index (BMI), relevant disease history and risk factors, elevated HbA1c (HbA1c>6.2%) obviously increased the risk of female pCAD occurrence (OR=3.35, 95%CI 1.41-8.00, P=0.006). The genotype and allele frequency of rs4977574 were different between pCAD group and Control group, P<0.05. Compared to Control group, pCAD group had the higher frequency of G allele(OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.05-1.48, P=0.019); further analysis found that rs4977574 polymorphism was related to high HbA1c. Compared to AA genotype, GG+GA genotype had the increased incidence of high HbA1c(OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.11-3.89, P=0.022). Conclusion: CDKN2B-AS1 SNP rs4977574 was related to female pCAD occurrence and it was also related to high HbA1c.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes in young (< / = 45 years) female and male coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSAngiographic and clinical data from 124 premenopausal female patients who underwent elective PCI from April 2004 to February 2008 were compared to age-matched 430 male patients who underwent elective PCI between 2006 and 2007 in our department. All patients were treated according to guidelines and coronary angiography was repeated after 6 months. One year clinical follow-up were performed in all patients.

RESULTSIncidences of dyslipidemia, the history of myocardial infarction and smoking were significantly lower in female patients than in male patients (all P < 0.01). Left main, left anterior descending and bifurcation lesions were more common while type C lesion and right coronary lesion were less common in young female CAD group compared to young male CAD group (P < 0.01-0.05). The average lesion length in female patients was significantly longer than that in male patients [(20.36 +/- 13.37) mm vs. (23.04 +/- 13.86) mm, P < 0.05]. The in-hospital and follow-up incidences of major adverse cardiac events, stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis were similar between young female and male CAD patients.

CONCLUSIONSCAD risk factors were less and vessel lesions were more likely to be found at left main, left anterior descending and bifurcation in young female CAD patients compared to young male CAD patients. The clinical outcomes were similar between young female and male CAD patients.

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical and angiographic outcome in patients with total occlusion lesion treated with drug-eluting stent (DES) or bare-metal stent (BMS).

METHODSA total of 155 (138 males) consecutive patients with total occlusion lesion underwent successful revascularization with DES (n = 74) or BMS (n = 81) in our hospital were included in this study. All patients received aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for at least 3 months after the procedure. Clinical and angiographic follow-up were completed in all patients at 6 months post stenting.

RESULTSDemographic data between the two groups were similar except there was more diabetic patients in DES group (33.8% vs. 18.5%, P < 0.05). A total of 232 stents for 159 target lesions (77 treated with DES, 82 treated with BMS) were implanted. There were 85.4% C ACC/AHA type lesions and 17.0% lesions were treated with overlapping stents. Six months post stenting, the incidence of restenosis (15.6% vs. 41.5%, P < 0.001), the cumulative rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (1.4% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.032) and TLR (5.8% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.001) were significantly lower in DES group than that of BMS group. The incidence of local restenosis in DES group is higher in DES group than that in BMS group (58.3%, 17.6%, P < 0.001). Two DES treated patients developed late in-stent thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with total occlusion lesion, the clinical and angiographic outcome 6 months post DES stenting is clearly superior to that of BMS stenting.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stents

OBJECTIVECompare drug-eluting stent (DES) to bare-metal stent (BMS) in prognosis on treating diffuse coronary lesions and analysis risk factor of treating complex and diffuse lesions in PCI.

METHODS205 consecutive patients with complex and diffuse coronary lesions enrolled our hospital, who were treated with more than 25 mm long DES or BMS. We exclude unsuccessful operation and location. All patients received medical treatment by guideline, and aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg once daily were continued at 6 months after the procedure. The patients were followed up after 6 months.

RESULTSThe study population were consisted of 205 patients that there were 181 man, and 24 women, who got 382 stents for 227 target lesions in coronary. There were 93.8% C and 6.2% B2 ACC/AHA type lesion. There were 86.8% patients with binary or above vessel treated. The average reference vessel diameter was 2.88 +/- 0.43 mm. The average stent length of per lesion was 40.09 +/- 12.94 mm. There were 54.2% lesions treated with overlapping stent. There were not different between DES and BMS in patients baseline characteristics, but RVD of group DES less than of group BMS (2.80 +/- 0.37 mm, 3.10 +/- 0.48 mm, P = 0.005) in lesion baseline characteristics. After 6 months, restenosis rate in group DES was less than in group BMS (15.4%, 48.4%, P < 0.001). There were obvious superiority TVR of DES than of BMS (11.6%, 38.5%, P < 0.001). The rate of local restenosis in group of DES was higher than that in group of BMS (33.3%, 18.2%, P = 0.029). We analyzed the risk factors for diffuse lesion by a logistic regression model, the significant univariate clinical and angiographic predictors of restenosis were treating with overlapping stent (OR = 2.82, P = 0.017) and drug-eluting stent (OR = 5.71, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSWe find that implantation of DES in patients with diffuse lesions in coronary is relatively more safe and associated with more good clinical outcomes, than of BMS.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical and angiographic outcome in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) or bare-metal stent (BMS).

METHODSA total of 139 consecutive diabetic patients (114 males) with coronary disease who underwent successful elective percutaneous coronary intervention with DES (n = 83 with 151 lesions) or BMS (n = 56 with 70 lesions) on native coronary arteries from April 2004 to August 2005 at our institution were included in this study. All patients were treated according to guidelines and coronary angiography was repeated at 6 months post procedure in all patients. Aspirin (300 mg/d) and clopidogrel (75 mg/d) were administered till 6 months after the procedure.

RESULTSThere were 42.5% C type by ACC/AHA and 19.0% total occlusion lesions. The average stent length of each lesion was 26.53 +/- 14.72 mm, and mean reference diameter was 2.80 +/- 0.43 mm. Baseline characteristics were similar between DES and BMS groups except lower mean reference vessel diameter in DES than that of BMS group (2.71 +/- 0.41 mm vs. 2.98 +/- 0.53 mm, P < 0.001). The in stent restenosis rate at 6 months (10.6% vs. 38.6%, P < 0.001) and in-segment late loss (0.24 +/- 0.56 mm vs. 0.91 +/- 0.77 mm, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in DES group than those of BMS group. The target lesion revascularization (TLR) incidence was also significantly lower in DES group compared to BMS group (8.6% vs. 30.0%, P < 0.001). However, 4 late in-stent thrombosis were seen in DES group and none in BMS group of DES (P = 0.148).

CONCLUSIONDES implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with lower in-stent restenosis and TLR rates compared to BMS implantation 6 months after procedure and attention should be paid on late in-stent thrombosis after DES implantation.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDIn response to the increasing concern with the safety of the drug-eluting stent (DES), the present study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of DES used for a Chinese patient population.

METHODSAll patients, who underwent an index elective percutaneous coronary intervention with an implantation of either DES or bare-metal stent (BMS) in a single institution from April 2004 to December 2006, were included in the analysis. A propensity-score matching technique was applied to adjust and to minimize the impact of confounding factors.

RESULTSOverall, there were 1465 patients (20.2%) who had undergone an implantation of only BMS, and 5769 patients (79.8%) of only DES. The propensity-score matching technique set up 1321 pairs of patients for analysis. There were no significant differences between the rates of stent thrombosis (definite and probable) of the two groups (1.06% vs 1.21%, P = 0.8580). Although rates of mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) during the 2-year follow-up period had not differed significantly, rates of death/MI (3.0% vs 4.5%, P = 0.0263), target-lesion revascularization (TLR, 3.2% vs 8.5, P = 0.0001), target-vessel revascularization (TVR, 5.8% vs 9.5%, P < 0.0001) and any revascularization (10.0% vs 13.3%, P = 0.0066) were significantly lower for the DES group than for the BMS group. Among the patients in whom devices were implanted for off-label indications, the propensity-score matched rates of stent thrombosis, mortality, MI, and death/MI were not significantly different, while rates of TLR, TVR and any revascularization were significantly lower for the DES group than for the BMS group.

CONCLUSIONSDuring the 2 years of follow-up post stenting, DES use is associated with lower rates of death/MI, TLR, TVR and any revascularization, compared with BMS, in propensity-score matched Chinese patient populations. In the setting of off-label usage, DES use is also associated with similar advantages.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; mortality ; Databases, Factual ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; mortality ; Stents ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the in-hospital clinical outcome of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent transradial intervention (TRI) and analyze the predictors of clinical outcome.

METHODSFrom May 2004 to May 2009, there were 16 281 patients who underwent transradial intervention, as well as 5388 patients who underwent transfemoral intervention (TFI) at our institution. The clinical characteristics, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital clinical adverse events were compared between TRI and TFI groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) of TRI.

RESULTSThe annulations time was significantly longer for TRI than TFI (P < 0.01), fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast agent and procedural success rate (95.5% for TRI and 96.2% for TFI) were similar between the two groups. However, the rates of vascular complications (0.1% for TRI group and 1.3% for TFI group, P < 0.01), incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (1.6% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.01) and in-hospital death (0.2% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.01) were all significantly lower in TRI group compared with TFI group. The following characteristics were identified as independent multivariate predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events of TRI: age ≥ 65 (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.50 - 2.61, P < 0.01), prior myocardial infarction (OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.63 - 2.82, P < 0.01), use of drug-eluting stent (DES) (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.47 - 0.98, P = 0.04), dissection during procedure (OR: 4.08, 95%CI: 2.28 - 7.33, P < 0.01), left main lesion (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.09 - 4.13, P = 0.03), number of implanted stents (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09 - 1.43, P < 0.01), and total stented length (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.02, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONSIn this large single-centre patient cohort, the transradial intervention is superior to transfemoral intervention in terms of in-hospital safety and efficacy. Age ≥ 65, prior myocardial infarction, use of DES, dissection during procedure, left main lesion, number of implanted stents and total stented length were identified as independent multivariate predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events of TRI.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To understand immune escape mutation, drug resistance mutation, and genome evolution information of HBV genome sequence in China. Methods: The whole genome sequence information of HBV in China submitted in GenBank from 1998 to 2021 was selected as the object for analysis. MAFFT method was used for cluster analysis. Analysis of immune escape and drug-resistant mutations was performed using the online tool Gen2pheno. The BEAST 1.10.4 was used for analysis the time evolution of HBV sequences. Results: A total of 5 426 sequences were included in the dataset and distributed in 19 provinces of China. Type C accounted for the highest proportion (59.1%, 3 211/5 426), followed by type B (33.7%, 1 833/5 426). Immune escape mutations were found in 764 sequences (14.1%, 764/5 426). At least one reverse transcriptase region mutation occurred in 98.1% of the sequences. The evolutionary roots of most HBV sequences in China date from around 1801 AD. Conclusion: HBV-resistant mutation rate is high in China. HBV genomes evolve slowly.
China/epidemiology* ; DNA, Viral/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Humans ; Mutation