Humans ; Nephritis ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Proteomics ; methods ; trends ; Viral Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Viruses ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

There is time-honored history and culture of medicinal plant cultivation in China. In the present review, the medicinal plant cultivation history in china was summarized, its current situation and question were analyzed, and the prospects of medicinal plant cultivation research were pointed out, with the purpose of accelerating the growth of medicinal plant cultivation research.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; history ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

ISG15, the first ubiquitin-like molecule identified two decades ago, is encoded by interferon stimulated gene 15 ( ISG 15), where its robust expression can be induced by viral infections or interferon treatments. ISG 15 conjugate to other proteins as the ubiquitin and was found to be involved in innate immune response. However, the functions of ISG15 modification remained unclear. We cloned bovine ISG15(bisg15) into a prokaryotic expression vector pET28a( + ) with a His-tag to generate a soluble form of bISG15 fusion protein, and purified with Ni-NTA Sepharose chromatography. The purified protein was concentrated and used to immune Balb/c mice to raise the antiserum, which could specifically recognize bISG15 expressed in eukaryotic cells by Western blot analysis. The concentrated bISG15 protein and its antiserum were then used to establish an in vitro bISG15 modification system. Our studies have demonstrated that cellular proteins could be conjugated to bISG15 with this system.

The ubiquitin-like modifier bISG15 is an antiviral protein found in fetal bovine lung (FBL) cells.Bovine Herpesvirus 1(BHV-1),which is a viral pathogen of cattle,can infect FBL cells and induce cytopathic effects.Real-time PCR assays showed that BHV- 1 's infection could repress the basal or inducible transcription of bISG15 in FBL cells.It demonstrates that this repression effect depends on BHV-1 viral infection and new protein synthesis.Our previous work showed that bIRF-3 was the key factor in the stimulation of bISG 15 in FBL cells,so the effect of BHV-1 viral protein on bIRF-3 activating the promoter of bISG15 was confirmed.The luciferase assay showed the BHV-1 viral protein bICP0 inhibited the activation of bISG15 promoter stimulated by bIRF-3.Taken together,our work suggested that BHV-I had some molecular mechanism to resist the cellular bISG15'santiviral functions.

Objective To analyse the experience and treatment of early phase severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in intensive care units (ICU).Methods A multicenter retrospective study was done on patients with SAP treated in three major teaching hospitals (Beijing Hospital,Peking University First Hospital and Peking University Shenzhen Hospital) in China from Jan.2001 to Dec.2011.Results There were 188 patients who were enrolled in the study,including 121 males and 67 females.The age ranged from 19 to 104 (51.0±18.2) years.The mean APACHE Ⅱ score was (22.2±4.6).84.0％ of patients survived,the mortality was 10.1％ in the early phase and 5.9％ in the late phase.The most common systemic complications were acute renal injury (46.3 ％),acute respiratory distress syndrome (35.6％),and septic shock (17.6％).The local complication rate was 47.3％,which included acute peripancreatic fluid collections (32.8％),acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis (48.4 ％) and pseudocyst (18.8 ％).The conservative treatments included intensive care,fluid resuscitation,mechanical ventilation,continuous renal replacement therapy,antibiotics,glucose control,inhibition of pancreatic enzyme activity and secretion,and nutritional support.Surgical intervention included endoscopic retrospective cholangio-pancreatography and endoscopic sphincterectomy,B ultrasound or CT guided puncture and drainage,and surgical drainage and debridement of necrosis.Conclusions The early phase of SAP was characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome which accounted for the first peak in mortality.Intensive care therapy and multi disciplinary comprehensive combined strategy were very important for these patients with systemic and local complications.ICU treatment in the early phase was preferred for patients with SAP.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nano-alumina(nano-Al2 O3 )on mitophagy in primary cortical neuronal cells from Wistar newborn rats. METHODS The purity of neuronal cells was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay was performed to determine the viability of the cells treated with 13 nm nano-Al2 O3 0.5 mmol·L-1 for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was detected by flow cytometry analysis . The ultrastructure of mitochondria and mitophagy vacuoles was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Auto-phagic vacuoles were observed by dansylpentanediamine(MDC)staining and the expression of autoph-agy related protein Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/ Ⅰ was determined by Western blotting. Mitophagy was observed by Lysotracker and Mitotracker staining respectively. RESULTS More than 95% cells were neuronal cells. The activity of LDH in the supernatant liquid exposed to nano-Al2 O3 for 12 and 24 h groups was sig-nificantly increased compared with the control group(P﹤0.05). After exposure to nano-Al2 O3 ,the mito-chondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased compared with the control group( P ﹤0.01). The results of TEM displayed mitochondrial swelling and the formation of vacuoles and mitophagy in nano-Al2 O3 groups. MDC positive fluorescence particles were observed and the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/ Ⅰ was increased in nano-Al2 O3 groups compared with the control group( P ﹤ 0. 05 ). The result of Lysotracker and Mitotracker colocalization showed the fusion of mitochondria and lysosomals. CONCULSION Nano-Al2 O3 may induce autophagy and mitochondria damage in neuronal cells while the damaged mitochondria may be removed by mitophagy.

Virus infection or interferon can stimulate robust expression of the protein ISG15 that is encoded by interferon stimulated gene 15, which was the first unbiquitin-like molecule identified two decades ago. While ubiquitin and its many important functions have been well established, the functions of ISG15 and its post-translational conjugation are still largely unknown . Recently, some specific enzymes have been identified to be involved in the ISG15 modification system, suggests that ISG15 and its modification system play important roles in the innate immune response and regulation of interferon signaling. The history of ISG15 discovery and its biochemical characterization were briefly introduced. Then such topics as the ISG15 gene expression and the ISG15 modification will be focued on, and finally summarize new findings which have implications for ISG15 and its modification system in immunology and interferon signal transduction were summarized.

Background Fibrin glue has been utilized to adhere the graft during the pterygium excision with conjunctival autografts.Several relevant clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) and retrospective studies have been published abroad,but the samples for its effectiveness and safety issue of fibrin glue and suture are still underinvestigation.Objective Current study was to quantificationally assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin glue versus sutures in the application of pterygium excision with conjunctival autografts.Methods Based on established search strategy,a computerized literature search was conducted to identify all citations concerning the RCT for effectiveness and safety evaluation of fibrin glue and suture for the graft fixation during the pterygium excision with conjunctival autografts from MEDLINE ( from 2000 to October,2010 ),EMbase ( from 2000 to October,2010 ),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( Issue 4,2010 ),CBMdisc ( 2000 to October 2010 ),CNKI ( 2000 to October 2010 ),and the relevant conference proceedings and references searched by hand was performed as supplement.The included literature was scored with Jadad table.The Cochrane Collaboration' s RevMan 5.0 software was used for the test of heterogeneity or test for overall effect.The effective indexes,such as operative duration,recurrence rate and complication,were evaluated by Meta analysis.Results Six RCTs involving 401 eyes of 377 participants were identified.These literatures were published with English in 2004-2010 from China,New Zealand,Sweden,Israel,Turkey and Malasia and the Jadad scores were 4-5.The quantitatively analysis revealed that fibrin glue appeared to short the operative time compared with suturing method (MD =14.23 ;95％ CI:- 16.18- 12.29;P=0.00) and drop the rate of recurrence ( RR =0.49,95％ CI:0.26 -0.95 ; P =0.03 ).No significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative graft dehiscence or absence (RR =3.41,95 ％ CI:0.85-13.68;P =0.08 ).Conclusions Fibrin glue shows the good effectiveness and easy application during the pterygium excision with conjunctival autografts.Long-term follow-up of multi-central RCTs with a larger number of cases are still needed to support this conclusion.

0.05);the lung′s rale improvement was significant(diffe-)rent(?~2=4.75 P