Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among residents aged 60 years and older in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for the improvement of PTB prevention and control measures in this population. Methods: Data of PTB cases aged 60 years and older in Yangzhou City from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, population, and regional distribution characteristics of PTB cases were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 8 726 PTB cases aged 60 years and older were registered in Yangzhou City from 2013 to 2022, including 4 167 cases positive for pathogenic tests, with a positive rate of 47.75%. The registered incidence rates and the positive rates of pathogenic tests of PTB among residents aged 60 years and older in Yangzhou City showed downward trends from 2013 to 2022 (both P<0.05). The average annual registered incidence rate of PTB was 83.95/105, and the average annual registered incidence rate of PTB positive for pathogenic tests was 40.09/105. The average annual registered incidence rate of PTB in males was higher than that in females (138.57/105 vs. 31.76/105, P<0.05). The registered incidence rate of PTB showed an increasing trend with age (P<0.05), with the highest rate observed in the age group of 75-<80 years (110.37/105). The top three regions with the highest average annual registered incidence rates of PTB were Jiangdu District (94.34/105), Baoying County (91.61/105) and Hanjiang District (84.93/105). Conclusions The registered incidence of PTB among residents aged 60 years and older in Yangzhou City showed a downward trend from 2013 to 2022. Particular attention should be payed to males, residents aged 75- <80 years, and the elderly in Jiangdu District and Baoying County.

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by acute,progressive dyspnea,refractory hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary innfiltrates.Stem cell is a type of cell with strong differentiation function,which can differentiate into various types of cells,such as endothelial cells,epithelial cells,adipocytes and chondrocytes.The therapeutic potential and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative therapy and immune regulation have become the research hotspot.A large number of studies have shown that MSC can be used to treat lung injury in many ways,but the specific mechanism is not clear.Therefore,the mechanism of acute lung injury and the therapeutic effects of marrow MSC in acute lung injury will be reviewed in this paper.

ObjectiveTo explore the value of differential diagnosis between pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in active stage with clinic and ultrasound. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the characters of clinic and ultrasound of sixteen patients with PVNS and sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis inactive stage.ResultsIn aspects of patient’s age (T=185), pain scores (T=136) history of trauma (P=0.029), functionally uncompensated conditions (P=0.001) type (P=0.000) and sum (P=0.000) of involved joints、bright spot-echoes in hydrops (P=0.001) tendons nearby involved (P=0.001) and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow (P=0.009), the differences between PVNS and RA in active stage had statistical significance (P<0.05). Clinic characters: patients with PVNS were younger, often had a history of trauma. But patients with RA in active stage had a higher pain score and functionally uncompensated condition. Ultrasound characters: big and single joints were often involved in patients with PVNS, and tiny bright spot echoes could be detected in hydrops. Instead, big and small, multiple joints, tendons nearby were often involved in patients with RA, who had a higher ratio of gradeⅢ Doppler ultrasound blood flow. And in aspects of sex, the presence of hydrops and synovium thickness, the differences between the two had no statistical significance (P>0.05).ConclusionThe clinical characters including Patient’s age, pain scores, history of trauma, functionally uncompensated conditions, and the characters of ultrasound including type and sum of involved joints, bright spot echoes in hydrops, tendons nearby involved and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow, are helpful for the differential diagnosis of PVNS and RA in active stage.

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and pathological changes of patients suffered from glomerulonephritis complicating with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) . Methods Twenty one patients of glomerulonephritis complicating with AIN diagnosed by renal biopsy were retrospectively analyzed . Thirty-five pure AIN patients were selected as controls .Results Glomerulonephritis complicating AIN accounted for 37 .5% of all the AIN cases . Βlactam antibiotics and Chinese herbs were the major causes of AIN . 76 .2% of cases received further examinations due to the elevation of serum creatinine (Scr) during their follow-up of kidney injuries or during routine exams for all kinds of discomforts . Pathological features of AIN were also detected besides glomerular leisions . The impairments of renal interstitia were severe than those of the glomeruli . Eosinophil in the renal interstitia was an important indicator for the diagnosis of AIN .The renal function returned to normal or baseline in 64 .7% of the patients of glomerulonephritis complicating with AIN whose follow-up data were available . The median period for renal function restoration was 150 days (compared with 60 days in pure AIN) . But there were no significant differences between these two groups as for the rate of irreversible renal insufficiency during a follow-up period of 2 years . Conclusions Symptoms of AIN in patients of glomerulonephritis complicating with AIN tend to be masked by their glomerular diseases . Renal biopsy is of most importance for the diagnosis . Early diagnosis and treatment leads to satisfactory prognosis .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control measures on coal-burning-borne endemic tluorosis in Xishui,on residents healthy behavior and situation of the disease.Methods In 2013,five towns were selected according to their location of east,south,west,north and centre.Three villages and one elementary school in each town were chosen,and 20 families' related behavior and fluorine prevention knowledge questionnaire in each village were surveyed.All the students from one class aged 8-12 of grade 3-6 in each school were selected,according to the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis,dental fluorosis was examined and fluorine knowledge questionnaire was surveyed.At the same time,the detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12,information of the knowledge about prevention and cure of fluorosis and related behavior of target groups in 2007,and the urinary fluoride contents of children aged 8-12 in 2000 were collected.Analysis and comparison of the data in 2000,2007 and 2013 were done.Results After the intervention,the witting rates of students and family householders 90.95％ (11 773/12 945),84.27％ (3 792/4 500),were significantly higher than those of before the intervention [19.29％ (1 039/5 385),26.27％ (394/1 500),x2 =9 279.14,1 794.22,all P ＜ 0.01].Proper utilization rate of cooking stove was 100.00％ (37/37),iron stove utilization rate was 99.64％ (279/280),dry chili correct rate was 100.00％ (299/299) and before the intervention,these values were 3.20％ (43/1 345),90.28％ (1 207/1 337)and 62.14％ (855/1 376),respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =601.12,27.28,27.28,all P ＜ 0.01).Children's dental fluorosis detection rate was 24.21％ (206/851),compared with that of before the intervention,61.62％ (2 150/3 489),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =385.93,P ＜ 0.01).Children's urine fluoride was (0.51 ± 0.29) mg/L,and before the intervention [(1.55± 1.59) mg/L],the difference was statistically significant (t'=10.25,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures against coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Xishui are remarkable.The residents health related behavior has been formed and the condition is reduced markedly.

Objective To explore the change of cerebral microcirculation before and after clipping of intracranial aneurysm using CT perfusion (CTP)imaging.Methods CTP images of 70 patients diagnosed intracranial aneurysm by CTA were retrospectively an-alysed.They were divided into four groups according to have or not intracranial arterial spasm:A group:Preoperative CVS,postop-erative CVS (4 cases),B group:Preoperative CVS,postoperative nCVS (13 cases),C group:Preoperative nCVS,postoperative CVS (20 cases),D group:Preoperative nCVS,postoperative nCVS (33 cases).CBV/CBF/MTT were measured in four groups be-fore and after surgery,and analyzed statistically.Results (1)The postoperative CBV/CBF/MTT was compared with the preopera-tive data.There were statistically significant in CBVA/B/C/D/CBFA/B/D/MTTA/B during the surgery (P <0.05 ).There were no statistically significant in the CBFC and MTTC/D during the surgery (P >0.05).(2)There were statistically significant in the△CBVBC/BD/△CBFAB/BC/BD/△MTTAB/BD (P < 0.05 ).△CBVAB/AC/AD/CD/△CBFAC/AD/CD/△MTTAC/AD/BC/CD were no statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion CTP can early and accurately predict the change of cerebral microcircu-lation after surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of expression of microRNA-27a(miR-27a) and microRNA-451(miR-451) in A2780/T cells and its relativity to multidrug resistance (MDR)1 mRNA inhibition by procyanidin. Methods Stem-loop PCR method was performed to evaluate the expression of miR-27a and miR-451 in use of procyanidin (0-40μmol/L) in 0-48 h in A2780/T cells. Additionally, over-expressing or interfecting microRNAs by using mimics or inhibitor of miR-27a and miR-451, the expression of MDR1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR in cells exposing to procyanidin. Results The expression of miR-27a and miR-451 was significant inhibited by procyanidin in both time- and concentration-dependency. Over-expressed MDR1 mRNA associated with miR-27a or miR-451 mimics was blocked by procyanidin, whereas there was no effect on down-expressed MDR1 mRNA associated with miR-27a or miR-451 inhibitor by procyanidin. Conclusion Procyanidin inhibits MDR1 mRNA expression by inhibiting miR-27a and miR-451 expression in A2780/T cells.

Objective:To observe and analyze the surface electromyography activity of quadriceps femoris of knee osteoar-thritis(KOA)patients. Method:The surface electromyography of vastus lateralis,rectus femoris,and vastus medialis were recorded and analyzed in 30 KOA patients and 30 normal people during isokinetic knee flexion or extension at veloci-ties of 60 °/s,90 °/s or 180 °/s.We also record clinical indicators(muscle thickness and degree of knee pain)of the KOA group and evaluate the correlation between electromyographic data and clinical indicators. Result:Compared with the healthy control group,the KOA group had significantly lower knee extensor mo-ment during isokinetic knee flexion or extension at velocities of 60°/s(P＜0.001),90°/s(P＜0.01),or 180°/s(P＜0.01).Statistics showed that there were significant differences in the median frequency difference rate of vastus lateralis(P＜0.05)and root mean square value of rectus femoris(P＜0.01)between the healthy control group and the KOA group under 60°/s angular velocities.There was a significant difference in the root mean square value of rectus femoris(P＜0.05)between the two groups at velocities of 90°/s.Statistics revealed that the median frequency difference rate(P＜0.05)and root mean square value(P＜0.05)of rectus femoris had changed significantly at the velocities of 180°/s.The results of both multiple regression and random forest algo-rithm showed that knee extensor moment was the strongest predictor between electromyographic characteristics and clinical indicators. Conclusion:The strength of quadriceps femoris in KOA patients was decreased.Thus,the patient may need more muscles to complete the same action,which was easy to cause muscle fatigue.The knee extensor moment was closely related to the quadriceps femoris thickness and the degree of knee pain.It offers important advantag-es for the diagnosis and assessing the severity,which may provide the way for the future study of KOA.

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) and protein kinase-B (AKT) signaling pathway in lung cancer development. Methods The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549 cells, in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into five groups： blank control group, solvent control group, CCL19 treatment group, AKT inhibition group, and antibody neutralization group. The blank control group received no treatment. The other four groups were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, CCL19, MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor), and a combination of CCL19 and MK-2206, respectively. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, while cell migration and invasion capabilities were evaluated using the cell scratch and transwell assays. The relative expression levels of Pan-AKT, p-AKT (Ser473), p-AKT (Thr308), E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), and Snail proteins in A549 cells were detected using Western blotting. Lung cancer tissue samples from 60 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were collected, and the expression of CCL19 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) proteins in the specimens was examined using immunohistochemistry. Results The survival rate of A549 cells in the AKT inhibition group and antibody neutralization group was lower than that in blank control group, solvent control group, and CCL19 treatment group (all P<0.05). The cell scratch assay result showed that the cell migration rate of the CCL19 treatment group was higher at 36.0 and 48.0 hours than those of the blank control group, solvent control group, AKT inhibition group, and neutralizing antibody group (all P<0.05). The Transwell assay result showed that the invasion amount of A549 cells in the AKT inhibition group was less than that in the CCL19 treatment group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the relative expression of E-cad protein in the CCL19 treatment group decreased, while the relative expression of p-AKT (Ser473), p-AKT (Thr308), N-cad and Snail proteins increased (all P<0.05). The relative expression of p-AKT (Ser473), p-AKT (Thr308), N-cad, and Snail proteins in A549 cells decreased (all P<0.05), and relative expression of E-cad protein increased (all P<0.05) in the AKT inhibition group and antibody neutralization group compared with the blank control group, solvent control group, and CCL19 treatment group. There was no significant difference in the expression of CCL19 and MMP9 in lung cancer tissues of NSCLC patients in Xuanwei City, Gejiu City, and other regions (all P>0.05). The expression of CCL19 and MMP9 in NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than in patients without lymph node metastasis (all P<0.01). Conclusion CCL19 can promote the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Its expression level is related to lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients. The AKT signaling pathway may be an important mechanism underlying lung cancer development.