Objective To study the accuracy of an ultrasonographic characteristic diagnostic score system(UCDSS) which was used to classify the breast solid nodular lesions. Methods UCDSS were established by analyzing the ultrasonographic sign of the 205 breast solid nodular lesions. These lesions were classified according to the total scores of each ultrasonographie sign. ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of UCDSS. Results The area under ROC curve of UCDSS was 0. 977, the sensitivity and specificity was 92.0%, 92.3% respectively. Conclusions The classification based on the UCDSS may increase the diagnostic accuracy of the differentiation between benign and malignant breast solid nodular lesions.

[Objective] To refer a geographical distribution rule of alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) reference values for the health adults in China via exploring its spatial distribution trend and its correlation with geographical factors.[Methods] A total of 6564 samples of AFU reference values from 66 administrative units in the years 2004-2015 were collected,male and female of which were 3701 cases (56.4％) and 2863 cases (46.3％).A research concerning AFU reference values in whole country were calculated using methods of information content and ridge regression.[Results] AFU reference values for Chinese healthy adults were influenced by geographical factors and presented autocorrelation,and it showed eastern and northern areas were highery than western and southern areas.[Conclusions] AFU reference values have a spatial variation and the regional disparities should be considered in practice.

Objective To establish sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) animal models by using neurobiology score,electroencephalography (EEG),somatosensory evoked potentials in order to provide evidence for early clinical diagnosis of SAE.Methods A total of 30 rats were weighted,numbered,and monitored with EEG electrodes 10 days before modeling.Ten days later,rats were weighted,numbered,and divided randomly (random number) into groups.Rat models of sepsis were made by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).The changes of their neurological behaviors were observed and EEG was used to monitor at 4,6,8,12 and 24 hours after CLP.The changes of EEG waveform and somatosensory evoked potentials were analyzed and recorded.Rat models of sepsis were divided into sepsis + non-SAE group and SAE group based on the presence or absence of EEG or somatosensory evoked potentials changes ~thin 24 hours.Rats were sacrificed 24 hours later,and histopathological changes of brain tissue were observed under electronic microscopy.Thus,the feasibility of establishing early SAE animal model by monitoring the changes of neurological behaviors,EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials was evaluated.Results SAE could be early diagnosed by using neurobiology score,reduced α wave and markedly increased δ wave on EEG,reduced amplitudes of evoked potentials P1,and significantly prolonged latency of S-P1 and NI-P1.In survived septic rats,6 had changes on neurological behaviors,EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials,and thus were diagnosed as SAE.The incidence of SAE was 46％.Conclusions SAE can be diagnosed in early stage by using neurobiology score,EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials,confirming the SAE rat models to be successfully established.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of genotype of site-1296 in alpha2A-AR receptor gene and the susceptibility of vestibular function. METHOD: Ninety-four blood samples were collected from pilot cadets, consisting of susceptible and tolerance groups to vestibular function. Genomic DNA was isolated, and the coding region of alpha2A-AR receptor gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed by gene sequencing. Gene frequency was calculated, and, the coincidence between the polymorphism of alpha2A-AR receptor gene in the groups and Hardy-Weinberg balance was evaluated. The allele frequency of the two groups was compared by Chi square test. RESULT: G/C polymorphism was existed in Site-1296 of alpha2A-AR gene regulation zone, including GG, GC, CC. The express of GG Genotype in susceptible group exceeded that of the other group. There were significance differences in both genotype constituent ratio and alleles frequency of the two groups. CONCLUSION The polymorphism of genotype of site-1296 in alpha2A-AR receptor gene is possibly correlated with the susceptibility to vestibular function.
Adult ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; genetics ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiology ; Young Adult

Objective:To study the expression and regulation of TLR2/4 in mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins 16. 3 (mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins 16. 3,MTB Hsp16. 3) effect on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Methods:Bone marrow cells were isolated from tibia and femurs of BALB/c mice and incubated with GM-CSF,then detected the expression of CD11b and F4/80 with flow cytometry and observed morphology. The M0 macrophages were stimulated with MTB Hsp16. 3 for 0 h,12 h,24 h,36 h,48 h and 72 h. Real-time PCR detected the expression of TLR2/4 in intracellular at different time point. Silencing macrophages cell surface TLR2/4 molecules by siRNA technology which stimulated with MTB Hsp16. 3 for 0 h,12 h,24 h,36 h,48 h and 72 h. Real-time PCR detected the expression of TLR2/4,Ym-1,Fizz1,IL-10,TNF-α,iNOS and TGF-βin intracellular at different time point. Results:Morphology analysis showed that MTB Hsp16. 3 stimulated macrophages were round cells stretching out pseudopodia,whereas MTB Hsp16. 3 stimulated silencing TLR2/4 macrophages had elongated fibroblastoid. Real time PCR detected the expression of TLR2/4 were upregulated after MTB Hsp16. 3 stimulated M0 macrophages. MTB Hsp16. 3 stimulated silencing TLR2/4 macrophages the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS were upregulated, whereas IL-10, TGF-β, Ym-1 and Fizz1 were downregulated. Conclusion:MTB Hsp16. 3 may stimulated M0 macrophages to M2 macrophages and suppress M1 macrophages through binding with TLR2/4 receptor,which may be involved the progresss of MTB evaded macrophage phagocytosis.

AIM:To explore the change of antithrombin Ⅲ( AT-Ⅲ) in the patients with atherosclerotic cere-bral infarction .METHODS:Chromogenic substrate assay was used to measure the activity of AT-Ⅲ in 55 patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and 55 healthy controls , and the correlation analysis was applied to determine the AT-Ⅲactivity with the severity of damage in central nervous system and general biochemical parameters .The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the plasma were detected by ELISA .Immunocomplex in the plasma was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The number and phenotype of the monocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry .ELISA was also applied to determine the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6 from the monocytes after the stimulation of immunocomplex .The expression of AT-Ⅲin human brain vascular endothelial cells after the stimulation of TNF-αand IL-6 was observed by Western blotting . RESULTS:The activity of AT-Ⅲsignificantly decreased in the patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction , and nega-tively correlated with the damage degree of nervous system function , systolic pressure , diastolic pressure , glucose , choles-terol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine , while positively correlated with high-density lipo-protein.In addition, the plasma levels of TNF-αand IL-6 increased significantly , accompanied with the enhancement of immunocomplex level .The numbers of CD14 + CD16 + and CD14 + CD32 + monocytes in peripheral blood were not changed , while CD14 +CD64 +monocytes increased obviously .The secretion of TNF-αand IL-6 by monocytes were signifi-cantly enhanced after stimulated with immunocomplex , while the protein expression of AT-Ⅲ in the human brain vascular endothelial cells was down-regulated after co-incubated with TNF-αor IL-6.CONCLUSION:Decreased AT-Ⅲactivity in the patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction is one of the risk factors of cerebral infarction , and related with the dis-ease severity .The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through immunocomplex from CD 14 +CD64 +monocytes may be involved in the mechanism .Improvement of AT-Ⅲactivity may protect against cerebral ischemia .

Objective To investigate the role of neuroglobin ( NGB) in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation ( OGD/R ) induced mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y).Methods SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with lentivirus to establish a stable cell line of NGB knockdown ( KD).After treated with OGD/R, cells were collected at different time points to analyze NGB mRNA and protein levels.Furthermore, cells were stained with JC-1 and DCFH-DA to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production by inverted fluorescence microscope.Also, to determine the neurotoxicity , we measured the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) level in the cell culture medium.Results After the treatment of OGD/R, the NGB mRNA and protein started to elevate and peak at 4 h and 8 h (2.04 ±0.35 fold,1.69 ±0.18 fold).Compared with the vector group , NGB KD group had much more mitochondrial depolarization [ JC-1 red/green ( 1.10 ±0.10 ) vs (1.46 ±0.11),P<0.05] and ROS production [DCFH-DA fluorescence (36.30 ±5.32) vs (16.26 ± 2.97),P<0.05].Furthermore, NGB KD groups had a higher level of LDH release [(63.42 ±6.14)%vs (49.65 ±5.09 )%, P <0.05 ].Conclusions NGB plays an important role in the homeostasis of mitochondria.Knockdown of NGB results in increased mitochondrial depolarization , ROS production and neurotoxicity under hypoxia circumstances.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in early diagnosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE). Methods: Septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU) were recruited at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from July 2015 to March 2016. Clinical data and TCD parameters during 24 hours after admission were collected. All patients were screened for delirium using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) twice a day. The gold standard of the diagnosis of SAE was positive CAM-ICU evaluation. Patients were divided into SAE group and the non-SAE group. TCD data including systolic velocity (Vs), diastolic velocity (Vd), mean velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI) were analyzed to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off value. Results: A total of 43 patients were enrolled including 12 in SAE group and 31 in non-SAE group. Vm and Vd were lower in SAE group [Vm: (53.50±12.22) cm/s vs. (61.68±9.63) cm/s, P<0.05; Vd: (33.42±10.87) cm/s vs. (43.16±7.84) cm/s, P<0.01] but PI and RI were significant higher in SAE group[PI:(1.16±0.2) vs. (0.90±0.15), P<0.01;RI:(0.65±0.08) vs. (0.56±0.06), P<0.01] than in non-SAE group. The cut-off values of Vs, Vm, Vd, PI and RI for the diagnosis of SAE were 112cm/s, 55.50cm/s, 34.50cm/s, 1.16, 0.65, respectively, with the relevant sensitivities of 19.4%, 83.9%, 93.5%, 58.3%, 58.3% and the specificities of 100.0%, 50.0%, 58.3%, 96.8%, 96.8%, respectively. The diagnostic AUC of Vd, PI and RI were 0.741, 0.808 and 0.808 respectively. Conclusions The parameter changes of TCD suggest that the pathogenesis of SAE is related to cerebral hypoperfusion, TCD is a helpful method for the early diagnosis of SAE.

Objective:To explore the influence of formative evaluation on the teaching effect of geriatric pharmacology by introducing formative evaluation model into the teaching evaluation system of geriatric pharmacology.Methods:The 78 undergraduates of Batch 2013 clinical medicine from Chongqing Medical University were selected as the control group, and the summative evaluation method was used for evaluation; another 142 clinical medical students of Batch 2014 were set as the experimental group, and the formative evaluation method was adopted for evaluation. The statistical analysis was conducted based on the examination scores at the end of the semester. SPSS 23.0 was used for t-test. Results:The test papers of 142 students in the experimental group and 78 students in the control group were analyzed with full samples. The reliability coefficients of the test papers were all greater than 0.6, close to 0.85, indicating that the test results were reliable. The overall difficulty of the test paper is appropriate, and the discrimination is good. The final score (59.66±13.90) of the students in the experimental class was significantly higher than that of the students in the control class (51.58±14.33), with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.08, P<0.001). Conclusion:The application of formative evaluation in the teaching of geriatric pharmacology can effectively improve students' initiative and improve the quality of teaching.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of lung ultrasound images in critical care postoperative patients using BLUE-plus protocol . Methods Two hundred and twenty-two patients who were performed lung ultrasound measurements according to the BLUE-plus protocol within 24 hours admitted to the Department of critical care were included in this study . Data was collected and retrospectively analyzed to compare the proportion of different lung ultrasound signs at different speculate regions ,and to compare the lung ultrasound characteristics of patients undergo different surgeries . Results Excluding A lines ,the most common abnormal lung ultrasound signs at the diaphragmatic points were B7 lines (13 .06％ ) ,and the most common abnormal lung ultrasound signs at the posterior blue points were C signs (28 .60％ ) . The rate of C signs was significantly higher in post spinal cord surgery patients than those in other groups ( P =0 .032) . The rate of B3 lines was significantly higher at bilateral PLAPS points in oxygenation index 100-200 group compared with that in oxygenation index>300 group ( P =0 .011) . The rate of C signs was significantly higher at the left posterior blue point in oxygenation index 200-300 group , and at bilateral posterior blue point in oxygenation index 100-200 and <100 groups compared with those in oxygenation index >300 group ( P =0 .011 , P <0 .001 and P =0 .002) . The rate of pleural effusion was significantly higher at the right posterior blue point in oxygenation index 200 -300 group ,and at bilateral posterior blue point in oxygenation index 100 -200 group compared with those in oxygenation index >300 group ( P = 0 .001 , P < 0 .001 ) . Conclusions Screen with the BLUE-plus protocol can help to find abnormal signs including B3 lines ,B7 lines ,C signs and pleural effusion ,therefore instructs individualized treatment for postoperative patients . Pulmonary edema ,lung consolidation and pleural effusion are three main reasons responsible for hypoxemia in postoperative patients . Intensivists should avoid fluid overload , strengthen airway management ,postural therapy and encourage early mobility in postoperative patients .