Objective To explore different approaches in administrating polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution in bowel preparation.Methods From January 2015 to June 2015, 218 patients eligible for this study were randomly divided into three groups (group A, 2 L PEG solutions 4 hours before colonoscopy; group B, 2 L PEG solutions 6 hours before colonoscopy; group C, 1 L PEG the night before and 1 L at least 4 hours before colonoscopy). The quality of bowel preparation was assessed on the basis of the Boston bowel preparation scale. A questionnaire was also completed to assess the subjective feelings of the preparation, including the overall satisfaction and discomfort with drug preparation, the feeling of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and the character of stool.Results In terms of intestinal cleanliness, statistical difference was shown between groups. Significant difference was found between group A and group C. However, the PDR between these three groups showed no statistical difference. No signiifcant difference was found between the three groups considering the overall satisfaction and subjective feelings of preparation.Conclusions Without affecting the subjective feelings of patients, splitting dose of PEG solution improve the quality of bowel preparation and is worthy to be recommended.

OBJECTIVETo study the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) and main influencing factors in different types of Pueraria thomsonii, aimed at providing the theoretical basis for breeding the fine varieties of P. thomsonii suitable for the local light condition.

METHODDiurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of different types of P. thomsonii were determined with the Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System.

RESULT(1) Diurnal variation of P(n), transpiration Rate (T(r)), stomatal conductance (G(s)) in leaves of six varieties of P. thomsonii showed unimodal curve and asymmetric bimodal curve. Diurnal variation of water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)) showed single valley curve. Diurnal variation curve of stomatal limitation value (L(s)) was single peak and S-type. (2) P(n) in leaves of six varieties of P. thomsonii was positively correlated with photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T(a)), G(s), and negatively correlated with air relative humidity (RH), C(i), P(n) of all varieties were very significantly correlated with PAR, G(s).

CONCLUSIONDiurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of different types of P. thomsonii show significant difference. Jiuding, Chuanyu, Gange, Dijin No. 1 planted in Ya'an overcome "midday depression" phenomenon. Hechuan has the greatest photosynthetic potential, suitable for planting in forest understory and intercropping with high stalk to avoid the strong flashes. Planted in long-day region was beneficial to its growth. CO2 use efficiency of Geboshi No. 11 and Dijin No. 1 were significantly higher than that of the others. The accumulation efficiency of organics can be increased in cultivation management by fertilizing CO2.

Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Pueraria ; metabolism ; radiation effects

Deep brain disease stimulation (DBS) is commonly used to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson disease,and current evidence suggests that DBS may also be useful for refractory epilepsy and is affected by a variety of factors.Studies show that stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and hippocampus may decrease the frequency of refractory seizures.The efficacy of stimulating other targets remains inconclusive.An absence of structural abnormality on imaging and electrode position are associated with stimulation efficacy.Certain seizure types may respond more favorably to specific targets.There are several factors that potentially predict seizure outcome following DBS,but more large-scale clinical trials are needed.

Objective To understand the current situation of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou, and to provide a basis for scientific management, medical assistance, and improvement of patients' quality of life. Methods Questionnaire survey, physical examination and B-ultrasound examination were performed on the registered patients with advanced schistosomiasis. The diagnosis and classification were carried out according to the “Schistosomiasis Control Manual”. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics, disease classification, and medical and financial assistance of all existing patients were analyzed. Results There were 2 420 cases of advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou. Their distribution was highly correlated with the cumulative area of oncomelania snails and the cumulative number of schistosomiasis patients in each district (county) (r=0.949, P<0.01; r=0.946, P<0.01). There were 845 males and 1 575 females. The highest proportion of male patients was found in Suzhou Industrial Park and the lowest in Kunshan (χ²=26.591, P<0.001). The average age of patients was (76.80±7.55) years old, and the age of female patients were higher that of male patients (F=72.01, P<0.001). The splenomegaly type was the most common (2 165), ascites type was the second (198), colonic proliferative type was the third (55), and pygmy type was the least (2). A total of 895 patients were cured and 1 337 patients were improved, while 188 patients were not cured. The condition of advanced schistosomiasis patients with different clinical types was different (χ² =226.034, P<0.001), and the condition of patients with ascites was the worst. 1 438 patients' labor level was reduced, and 540 patients lost their labor ability, while only 442 patients were normal. Age increase (β=0.012，P<0.001), clinical classification being ascites type (β=0.346，P<0.001) and need for treatment (β=0.298，P<0.001) were risk factors for the loss of labor ability in patients with late schistosomiasis. The stable condition of the disease (β= -0.089，P=0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusion There are a large number of advanced schistosomiasis cases in Suzhou, and the epidemiological characteristics of advanced schistosomiasis patients in different districts (cities) are different. The relief work of advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou should focus on the historical heavy epidemic areas, strengthen the nursing care of the elderly patients, and pay attention to the quality of life of patients with ascites. It is also important to strengthen the follow-up nursing of patients with splenomegaly to avoid turning into ascites. All districts and counties should be guided by the characteristics of local patients and formulate targeted scientific management methods and rescue policies to improve the quality of life of patients.

Paclitaxel is the first-line chemotherapy drug for a variety of cancers. However， the paclitaxel resistance greatly reduced the efficacy in the later treatment stage， which seriously increased the mortality and recurrence rate of cancer and limited the clinical application of paclitaxel. At present， Chinese medicine compound prescription， proprietary Chinese medicine， and Chinese medicine injection are widely used as the adjuvant chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of cancer in clinic. Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in improving the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and the prognosis of chemotherapy， and reducing the toxic and side effects. However， the specific mechanism and effective monomer composition of Chinese medicine for reversing the resistance of chemotherapy drugs are unclear， and the application of Chinese medicine in different types of cancer is also limited， which are worthy of further exploration. This review summarized the composition of Chinese medicine monomer with synergistic antitumor effect combined with paclitaxel in recent years. The specific mechanism and pharmacological activities of Chinese medicine monomer reversing paclitaxel resistance were classified. This review found that through acting on the membrane transport protein， Chinese medicine monomer promoted the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor cells， inhibited the expressions of protein and metabolic enzyme related to multidrug resistance and the metabolism of paclitaxel， and regulated the levels of apoptosis genes and factors and apoptosis-related pathways to promote the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on cell proliferation. Chinese medicine monomer also significantly improved paclitaxel chemotherapy sensitivity by regulating the expression levels of micro ribonucleic acid （microRNA） and long non-coding ribonucleic acid RNA （lncRNA）， inhibiting the characteristics of tumor stem cells and tumor metabolic reprogramming， improving tumor microenvironment， and triggering tumor cell death autophagy and oxidative stress response. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the specific anti-tumor mechanism of Chinese medicine monomer combined with paclitaxel， which is of great significance for the development of new Chinese medicine and the clinical research of the drugs combined with paclitaxel， and has certain value for the application of Chinese medicine combined with other chemotherapy drugs.