The silk gland of silkworm is the organ of silk protein synthesis and secretion. According to the morphological and functional differences, silk gland can be divided into anterior silk gland (ASG), middle silk gland (MSG) and posterior silk gland (PSG). ASG is the place for silk proteins conformation changes although it cannot synthetize silk proteins. ASG has narrow luminal structures and rigid wall which consists of chitin and cuticle proteins so that it can provide the shearing force which plays an important role in the silk protein conformation changes. The objective of this study is to identify the new chitin binding proteins in ASG of silkworm (Bombyx mori), and to analyze their expression patterns in different tissues. We identified a cuticle protein with chitin binding domain Bml1721 (GenBank Accession No. NM-001173285.1) by chitin affinity chromatography column. We also expressed the recombinant protein as inclusion body using the prokaryotic expression system, and then successfully purified the recombinant protein by nickel affinity chromatography column to generate the polyclonal antibodies. The expression patterns analysis in various tissues showed that both in transcriptional and protein levels Bm11721 was specifically expressed in ASG. Furthermore, the expression level of Bm 11721 protein was unchanged during the 5th instar. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Bm1 1721 was located in the ASG inner membrane. It is proposed that Bm11721 is a component of inner membrane and probably provides the shearing force for conformational changes.
Animals ; Bombyx ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chitin ; metabolism ; Insect Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Silk ; biosynthesis

Objectives To explore the relationships between the current physical exercise behaviors and psychological factors of middle school students,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving health education and carrying out targeted health intervention measures.Methods The Multi-stage stratified sampling and cluster sampling method was adopted to choose 3600 students from 12 junior and senior middle schools in Hangzhou,Wuhan and Xi'an.The date was collected using the adolescent physical exercise behavior-psychological measurement scale(Chinese version).The structural equation model was built to explore the relationships between psychological factors(including the change of strategy,decision balance positive effect,decision balance negative effect and self-efficiency)and physical exercise.Results The change of strategy has biggest effect on physical exercise behaviors,with the standardized direct effect value of 0.344.The standardized direct effect value of decision balance negative effect,decision balance positive effect and self-efficiency were 0.071,0.093 and 0.169 respectively.The negative correlation among the four dimensions was significant statistically.Conclusion Psychological factors have direct effects on the change of the behaviors,and the change of the strategy has the largest impact on physical exercise behaviors of middle school students.The four psychological factors are closely correlated with one another,which is important in formulating middle school sports programs to promote the physical quality of middle school students.

Objective To compare the effects of health education on fat intake behavior and its psychology in students with different BMI,provide evidence for improving individual healthy education.Methods A experimental epidemiology was used,Twenty-nine secondary school classes were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from two cities in Zhejiang province.Overweight or obesity group included all students who were judged overweight or obesity,normal group included students who were judged normal and basic matched by age,grade,sex and stage of baseline.Intervention based on transtheoretical mode was conducted on two groups and intervention results were measured by the adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales (Chinese version).Chi-square tests,T-tests,non-parameters tests and binary logistic regression were performed for data analyses.Results Stage of students with overweight or obesity and with normal BMI all moved forward after intervention,while the proportion of stage advance for students with overweight or obesity was further than students with normal BMI.Change strategy(2.60±0.79),pros(3.58±0.90) and self-efficacy(3.01±0.72) of students with overweight or obesity better than students with normal BMI in baseline((2.34±0.86),(3.08±0.91),(2.79±0.81)) while difference was not significant after intervention.Logistic regression analysis discovered that the promotion of change strategy moved stage forward for students with normal BMI(OR=2.168,95％ CI:1.560-3.014)and promotion of self-efficiency moved stage forward for students with overweight or obesity (OR=1.801,95％ CI:1.026-3.159).Conclusion The intensity and duration of psychological intervention is essential to be reinforced for students with normal BMI,while for students with overweight and obesity,psychological intervention should be promoted in combination with social support.

Objective To investigate ATM deletion [del (ATM)] in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and study its correlation with the clinical stage. Methods Spectrum Orange~(TM) labeled sequence specific DNA probe for ATM locus on 11q22.3 and fluorescence in Situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine del (ATM) in 28 newly diagnose patients with CLL. FISH analysis were performed on bone marrow smears. Clinical staging was done according to Binet Method.Fisher exact propability was used to study the relations between del (ATM) and clinical feature. Results 4 out of the 28 cases were found with deletion of ATM. The incidence of del (ATM) in BinetA, BinetB and BinetC was 1/9 (11.1 %), 1/8 (12.5 %), 2/11 (18.2 %), respectively. Fisher exact propability showed that deletion of ATM was not associated with its clinical feature. Conclusion Application of FISH on archival bone marrow smears is a simple, liable method, and can be readly used to retrospective study of clonal blood system diseases. Deletion of ATM was common cytogenetic changes in CLL patients.And the significance of del (ATM) in the prognosis of CLL in China needs to be further investigated.

A total of 127 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into low glycemic index meal replacements (intervention) group and standard food-based diet (reference) group in an experiment for 12 weeks.The results showed that fasting plasma glucose,postprandial 2 h plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in the intervention group decreased significantly after 12 weeks trial ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).However,there were no significant changes in lipid profile and HbA1C in intervention group.In addition,percentage of body fatty,visceral fatty area,and waist-hip ratio also decreased in intervention group( all P＜0.01 ).Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels increased significantly in intervention group by the end of trial (both P＜0.01 ),while malondialdehyde was decreased (P＜0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the aforementioned indices in the reference group.Weight,body mass index,and waist circumferences were decreased in both groups,but without significant difference between the two groups.

Objective To explore the possible correlation between HbA1c level and nutritional status in community.based patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A totaI of 219 type 2 diabetes patients were assigned into 2 groups:one with HbAIc<6.5%(n:108)and HbA1f≥6.5%(n=111).Metabolic parameters,food components.and nutritional status were compared between 2 groups.Results (1)49.32% of the participants attained HbA1c<6.5%.(2)HbA1c level was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose,and homeostasis assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(r were 0.56,0.49,and 0.20,respectively,P<0.05 or P<0.01),but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=0.16,P<0.05).(3)Linear regression analysis showed that energy,carbohydrate,protein,and fat were the independent risk factors of HbA1c(all P<0.05).(4)Patients with HbA1c<6.5%consumed more fruits.The intake of pure energy-providing foods and protein-,fat-,or saturated fatty acid-rich foods were more frequent in patients with HbA1c≥6.5%(P<0.05).(5)The linear regression revealed that HbA1c level were decreased 0.36%(P<0.10)or 0.46%(P<0.01)by intake of more fruits,roughage and beans,and HbA1c levels were also decreased 0.42%(P<0.05)or 0.37%(P<0.10)by intake of less meat or oils.Conclusions In communitybased patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the incidence of HbA1c<6.5% remains low,There exists great difference in nutritional status between the groups with high and low HbA1c levels.The impact of diet OB HbA1c level is great.It's necessary to emphasize the importance of diet therapy far better diabetes control.

Objective To explore the key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection to improve the ability of surveillance and disposal on public health emergency.Methods Framework on surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection was set up,based on literature review and expert group discussion.Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution comprehensive evaluation method were used for ordering preference by similarity,to screen key techniques set for surveillance and disposal of the above said events.Results Framework to be used for selecting key techniques was designed,based on the classification of emergency events,processing cycle of emergency events and level of techniques.Twenty six public health experts were selected for a 2-round consultation,with their authority as 0.796.Ten key techniques with important significance for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection were selected from each event.Among these key techniques,the early-warning system was recognized as the key technique,important for the surveillance and disposal of all three emergency events.Items as technology used for unknown pathogenic microorganism detection,personal protection,gene sequencing and tracing technology,microorganism molecular typing technology,nucleic acid detection technology etc.were the key techniques and need to develop for the surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases and iatrogenic infection.Data regarding key technologies on security and privacy,early warning and forecasting,field rapid detection were sorted out that all in need to improve the surveillance programs on disposal of infectious diseases and food poisoning.Data exchange appeared another key technique on infectious diseases,with toxin detection and other 5 techniques the key techniques for food poisoning.Data collection,standardization and other 3 techniques appeared as the key techniques on iatrogenic infection.Conclusions Key techniques were selected in this study to meet the requirements of surveillance,disposal of infectious disease,food poisoning and iatrogenic infection.Authority of the experts got improved in the two-round consultation,ensuring the reliability of the results of screening and providing a scientific basis for the further research and priority development of the key techniques.

ObjectiveTo identify causal factors of a case of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Yangpu District and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control. MethodsBasic information and epidemiological data of the patient were collected through telephone interviews and field epidemiological surveys. Specimens from the patient， close contacts and the environment were collected for pathogen detection. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing （mNGS） was used to identify unknown pathogens. ResultsA 65-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of fatigue， poor appetite for a week， fever and cough for four days. A chest computer tomography （CT） scan showed scattered inflammation in the left lung with infiltration of multiple lobes. Blood gas analysis showed type I respiratory failure. The results of mNGS on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient indicated that he was infected with Chlamydia psittaci. Epidemiological investigation showed a clear history of avian exposure， with an incubation period of 30 days. ConclusionThis serious pneumonia is a zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci. A clear history of avian exposure and the use of mNGS technology can help in the timely diagnosis of this disease.