Objective To optimize a W/O microemulsion formulation of troxerutin and evaluate its physical properties such as morphology, droplet size, stability and content of troxerutin. Methods The W/O microemulsion was optimized using a pseudoternary phase diagram and the area of the microemulsion region was used to screen and determine microemulsion components.HPLC assay was used for determination of the loading content. Results The optimal formulation contained lecithin, ethanol, isopropyl myristate and water (23.30:11.67:52.45:12.59).The microemulsion was physicochemically stable with round shape and uniform size, and the mean droplet size was about 50. 20 nm. Conclusion Microemulsion was developed successfully.It will expect to be the new preparation for troxerutin.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer by Meta-analysis.Methods We searched the Cochrane library,PubMed,EMBASE,China Journal Fulltext Database,Chinese Biomedical Database,and Wanfang Database from their inception to December 2015,in order to collect clinical trial data of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer.References included within these studies were also retrieved.Meta-analysis was performed using MetaAnalyst Beta 3.13 and STATA 12.0 software.Results Six studies (eight clinical trials) were included.The results of Meta-analysis show that,the overall survival rates of 3,4,5 and 8 years were 95.7％,90.9％,91.8％ and 83.9％,respectively.The cause specific survival rate of 4 and 5 years were 97.1％ and 97.6％.The bNED rate of 3,4,5 and 8 years were 88％,86.3％ and 79.1％,respectively.The local control rates of 3,4 and 5 years were 98.1％,97.1％ and 98.4％,respectively.The rate of total death,prostate cancer death and intercurrent death were 7％,2.4％ and 7％,respectively.Different T-stage may affect the fiveyear of overall survival rate,bNED rate and cause specific survival rate.Conclusions The current evidence shows that carbon ion radiotherapy in gcncral is a fcasiblc trcatmcnt for prostate cancer,whether carbon ion is better than other radiotherapy,prospective,randomized,controlled clinical trial to get more evidence is required for carbon ion radiotherapy versus standard treatment for prostate cancer patients.

Objective:To develop a biomimetic nanoparticle probe of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) coated with breast cancer cell membrane, to observe its ability to target homologous breast cancer cells in vitro, and to investigate its effect of enhanced photoacoustic imaging and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for breast cancer in vitro.Methods:The cell membrane of breast cancer 4T1 was extracted by chemical cleavage and repeated freezing and thawing. Then the HMME-coated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer biomimetic nanoparticle was prepared by double emulsification and extrusion. The basic characteristics of nanoparticles were detected. The target ability of nanoparticles to homologous breast cancer cells and the enhancement of photoacoustic imaging were observed in vitro. Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) was used to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of nanoparticles, and its SDT effect on breast cancer cells was evaluated by CCK8 cytotoxicity assay.Results:The size of the prepared CHP-NPs was uniform, the morphology was spherical "core-shell structure" , the particle size was (275.23±8.25)nm, and the surface potential was (-18.43±0.45)mV. It was observed that CHP-NPs could target homologous 4T1 cells under laser confocal microscopy. In vitro photoacoustic imaging experiments show that the photoacoustic signal of nanoparticles increases with the increase of its concentration. According to SOSG probe detection, CHP-NPs could produce ROS under ultrasonic irradiation.When CHP-NPs was incubated with 4T1 cells alone and no ultrasonic irradiation was used, the cell survival rate was not significantly affected. When the concentration was 0.6 mg/ml, the cell survival rate was still 95%. After ultrasonic irradiation, CCK8 experiment showed that the CHP-NPs had a significant SDT effect on breast cancer cells.Conclusions:The biomimetic nanomolecular probe of breast cancer cell membrane is successfully prepared. The probe has good ability to target homologous tumor, and can significantly enhance tumor photoacoustic imaging and SDT effect.

Objective To investigate the correlation between decoy receptor (DcR) 1,DcR2,osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of Crohn's disease (CD) in Han population in Zhejiang province.Methods From April 2008 to July 2017,at the Department of Gastroenterology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Central Hospital of Wenzhou and Renmin Hospital of Wenzhou,285 patients diagnosed as having CD were enrolled,and during the same period 572 healthy individuals who received health checkup at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were collected as healthy control.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of DcR1 (rs12549481),DcR2 (rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) were examined by SNaPshot technique.An unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the differences in each SNP mutation alleles and genotype frequencies between CD group and control group.Furthermore,their correlation with clinicopathological features of CD and the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab was also evaluated.Results The frequencies of mutant allele A and genotype GA + AA of DcR2 (rs1133782) of CD group were 11.93％ (68/570) and 22.81％ (65/285),respectively,which were higher than those of healthy control group (8.22％,94/1 144;and 15.91％,91/572;odds ratio (OR) =1.513,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.088 to 2.104,P =0.013;OR =1.562,95％ CI 1.094 to 2.230,P =0.014).However there was no statistically significant difference in the mutant allele and genotype frequencies of DcR1 (rs12549481) and OPG (rs3102735) between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The frequencies of mutant allele C and genotype TC + CC of DcR1 (rs12549481) in patients with stricturing CD were 13.89％ (25/180)and 27.78％ (25/90),respectively,which were lower than those of patients with non-stricturing,non-penetrating CD (27.68％,62/224 and 48.21％,54/112),and the differences were statistically significant (OR =0.421,95％ CI 0.252 to 0.705,P =0.001;OR =0.413,95％ CI 0.229 to 0.747,P =0.003).Besides,the frequencies of mutant allele A and genotypes GA + AA of DcR2 in patients with penetrating CD were 7.23％ (12/166) and 13.25％ (11/83),which were lower than those of patients with non-stricturing,non-penetrating CD (15.62％,35/224 and 30.36％,34/112),and the differences were statistically significant (OR =0.407,95％ CI 0.205 to 0.809,P =0.009;OR =0.350,95％ CI 0.165 to 0.743,P =0.005).In addition,there was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of mutant allele and genotypes of OPG (rs3102735) among subtypes of CD with different features (all P ＞ 0.012 5).Moreover,the DcR1 (rs12549481),DcR2 (rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) polymorphisms were not correlated with the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DcR1 (rs12549481) mutation may be correlated with stricturing CD.DcR2 (rs1133782) mutation may be correlated with CD,especially with penetrating CD.However,the gene polymorphism of OPG (rs3102735) is not correlated with the risk of CD susceptibility.And the above gene SNP may be independent of the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab.

A total of 127 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into low glycemic index meal replacements (intervention) group and standard food-based diet (reference) group in an experiment for 12 weeks.The results showed that fasting plasma glucose,postprandial 2 h plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in the intervention group decreased significantly after 12 weeks trial ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).However,there were no significant changes in lipid profile and HbA1C in intervention group.In addition,percentage of body fatty,visceral fatty area,and waist-hip ratio also decreased in intervention group( all P＜0.01 ).Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels increased significantly in intervention group by the end of trial (both P＜0.01 ),while malondialdehyde was decreased (P＜0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the aforementioned indices in the reference group.Weight,body mass index,and waist circumferences were decreased in both groups,but without significant difference between the two groups.

Objective To explore the possible correlation between HbA1c level and nutritional status in community.based patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A totaI of 219 type 2 diabetes patients were assigned into 2 groups:one with HbAIc<6.5%(n:108)and HbA1f≥6.5%(n=111).Metabolic parameters,food components.and nutritional status were compared between 2 groups.Results (1)49.32% of the participants attained HbA1c<6.5%.(2)HbA1c level was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose,and homeostasis assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(r were 0.56,0.49,and 0.20,respectively,P<0.05 or P<0.01),but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=0.16,P<0.05).(3)Linear regression analysis showed that energy,carbohydrate,protein,and fat were the independent risk factors of HbA1c(all P<0.05).(4)Patients with HbA1c<6.5%consumed more fruits.The intake of pure energy-providing foods and protein-,fat-,or saturated fatty acid-rich foods were more frequent in patients with HbA1c≥6.5%(P<0.05).(5)The linear regression revealed that HbA1c level were decreased 0.36%(P<0.10)or 0.46%(P<0.01)by intake of more fruits,roughage and beans,and HbA1c levels were also decreased 0.42%(P<0.05)or 0.37%(P<0.10)by intake of less meat or oils.Conclusions In communitybased patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the incidence of HbA1c<6.5% remains low,There exists great difference in nutritional status between the groups with high and low HbA1c levels.The impact of diet OB HbA1c level is great.It's necessary to emphasize the importance of diet therapy far better diabetes control.

Objective To investigate the impact of knocking out tumor necrosis factor-related ap-optosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL) gene ( TRAIL-/-) on colonic inflammation and regulatory T cells ( Treg) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were ran-domly assigned into four groups with 10 in each group:wild-type ( WT) control, WT colitis, TRAIL-/- con-trol and TRAIL-/- colitis. The mouse model of colitis was induced by oral administration of 3. 5％ DSS and the severity of colonic inflammation was assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) and mesen-teric lymph nodes ( MLNs) were collected. The ratios of Treg cells to CD4+T cells in PBMCs were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of Treg cell-associated transcription factor (Foxp3) and cytokine (IL-10) at mRNA level was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) were used to detect the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at pro-tein level, respectively. Results Compared with the WT control group, the WT colitis group showed signif-icantly decreased proportions of Treg cells in PBMCs [(1. 85±0. 38)％ vs (3. 12±0. 69)％, P<0. 05], but increased proportions in MLNs [(11. 79±1. 18)％ vs (6. 24±1. 04)％, P<0. 05]. Compared with the WT mice with colitis, the TRAIL-/- mice with colitis had more severe colonic inflammation and significantly in-creased proportions of Treg cells in PBMCs [(3. 15±0. 64)％ vs (1. 85±0. 38)％, P<0. 05], but de-creased Treg cells in MLNs [(9. 80±0. 50)％ vs (11. 79±1. 18)％, P<0. 05]. Expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs of the WT mice with colitis was significantly lower than that in the WT control mice [ Foxp3 mRNA: 0. 48 ± 0. 21 vs 1. 06 ± 0. 31, IL-10 mRNA: 0. 23 ± 0. 07 vs 1. 22 ± 0. 38;Foxp3 protein:0. 68±0. 12 vs 1, IL-10 protein:(4. 91± 0. 72) pg/ml vs (21. 86±2. 40) pg/ml;all P<0. 05], while in MLNs, the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher than that of the WT control group [Foxp3 mRNA:3. 71±0. 49 vs 1. 03±0. 15, IL-10 mRNA:11. 98 ±6.10 vs 1. 01±0. 31; Foxp3 protein: 1. 60±0. 03 vs 1, IL-10 protein: (1260. 00±18. 02) pg/ml vs (1184. 00±38. 62) pg/ml;all P<0. 05]. Compared with the WT mice with colitis, the TRAIL-/-mice with colitis showed significantly increased expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels [ Foxp3 mRNA:1. 80±0. 49 vs 0. 48±0. 21, IL-10 mRNA:1. 67±0. 99 vs 0. 23±0. 07;Foxp3 protein:1. 10±0. 01 vs 0. 68±0. 12, IL-10 protein:(31. 33± 25. 02) pg/ml vs (4. 58±3. 73) pg/ml; all P<0. 05], while de-creased expression in MLNs [ Foxp3 mRNA: 0. 49 ± 0. 21 vs 3. 71 ± 0. 49, IL-10 mRNA: 2. 80 ± 1. 82 vs 11. 98±6. 10; Foxp3 protein: 1. 21±0. 12 vs 1. 60±0. 03, IL-10 protein: (1158. 00±26. 48) pg/ml vs (1190. 00±37. 19) pg/ml;all P<0. 05]. Conclusions Knocking out the expression of TRAIL might af-fect the ratios of Treg cells in peripheral blood and MLNs, thereby aggravating the colitis in mice.

The clinical, imaging, genetic, therapeutic and prognostic features of a case of pediatric stroke who was finally diagnosed with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) in Xi′an International Medical Center Hospital on October 24, 2021 were reported. A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to weakness of the right limb for more than 10 hours. The pre-hospital CT showed multiple patchy calcifications in the bilateral frontal lobe and the right parietal lobe cortex-medullary junction. The physical examination on admission had chilblains on the hands, feet and face. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score was 4 points. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute brainstem infarction, no abnormality in magnetic resonance angiography, ultrasound and electrocardiogram of heart and neck vessels were normal, cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry and routine examination were normal, blood routine, biochemistry, coagulation, autoantibody series, thyroid function, tumor markers, human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis examinations were normal. After oral administration of aspirin anti-platelet aggregation and rehabilitation exercises, the muscle strength returned to normal and the patient was discharged. One month later, the result of genetic testing was reported as AGS caused by TREX1 gene mutation, and the mutation site is c.58G>A. AGS is a rare autoimmune hereditary encephalopathy with a large heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. When a hereditary disease was suspected, genetic testing should be done.

Objective:To study the influence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) of preterm infants in the late postnatal period using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:From January 2023 to June 2023, 65 preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks, birth weight <1 500 g) who were born in the Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were included in the prospective study.They were examined by the brain MRI and ASL at the corrected gestational age of 35-40 weeks.According to the results of the brain ultrasound within 1 week after birth, they were divided into the mild IVH group (25 cases) and the non-IVH group (40 cases). The CBF values in regions of interest (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, thalamus, and basal ganglia) on ASL images were compared.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of PVH-IVH on CBF values in different ASL regions of interest, including frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia.Results:Compared with those of non-IVH group, infants in the mild IVH group presented significantly older gestational age [29.0 (28.5, 30.4) weeks vs.28.2 (27.0, 31.0) weeks, Z=-2.398, P=0.016], higher hematocrit (HCT) in the latest examination prior to the brain MRI [29.6(26.4, 32.3)% vs.27.8 (25.6, 30.5)%, Z=-2.155, P=0.031], and larger body weight at the time of examination [2 015.0 (1 930.0, 2 127.5) g vs.1 950.0 (1 900.0, 1 997.5) g, Z=-3.314, P=0.001]. After adjustment for confounding factors of gestational age at birth, latest HCT and weight at the time of examination, the multivariable linear regression analysis showed that CBF values in the frontal lobe (95% CI: -8.367--4.042; P<0.001), temporal lobe (95% CI: -19.077--2.854; P=0.008), parietal lobe (95% CI: -8.344--3.502; P<0.001), occipital lobe (95% CI: -9.446--3.645; P<0.001), basal ganglia (95% CI: -7.543--1.963; P=0.001) and thalamus (95% CI: -8.051--2.372; P<0.001) were significantly lower in infants of the mild IVH group than those of non-IVH group. Conclusions:At the same corrected gestational age, mild IVH is correlated with low CBF values in local cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter in premature infants.However, the predictive potential of CBF values in long-term neurological prognosis requires further explorations.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects and influence factors of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in the treatment of idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV).Methods:This retrospective study involved 27 patients (27 eyes) with ICNV from July 2012 to July 2015. Patients received intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg), ranibizumab (0.05 mg), additional injection was provided if it was needed. The average follow-up time was 168 weeks. The recovery of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal retinal thickness (CRT) of the affected eye was observed. Follow up once a month after the initial treatment until the lesion was completely absorbed or scarred (the first follow-up period). Follow up every 12 weeks was performed to observe the recurrence of the lesions (the second stage of long-term follow-up). One month after the last injection of the first follow-up period, according to the regression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), the affected eyes were divided into a significant improvement group (significant improvement group) and an insignificant improvement group (non-significant improvement group)), to analyze the effects of age, course of disease, type of drugs, number of injections, baseline BCVA and CRT on the regression of CNV lesions. According to the results of long-term follow-up, the eyes were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group, and the factors affecting the recurrence of CNV lesions were analyzed. Measurement data between groups was compared by using independent sample t test or non-parametric test; count data was compared by using χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the regression and recurrence of the lesion. Results:At baseline and 1 month after the last injection in the first stage, the average BCVA of the eyes were 55.70±15.21 and 73.59±12.08 letters; CRT was 338.3±89.32 and 264.5±47.47 μm, respectively. The BCVA and CRT of the affected eyes were compared at the two time points, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z= -3.886, -4.061; P<0.001). The BCVA of the eyes in the significant improvement group and the insignificant improvement group were 65.38±17.27 and 51.63±12.61 letters, respectively; the difference between the two groups of BCVA was statistically significant ( t=-2.316, P=0.029). The results of long-term follow-up showed that of the 27 eyes, 6 eyes had recurrence; the average recurrence time was 90.83±49.02 weeks. After another intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs, the CNV lesions was resolved. The average injection times of the relapsed group and the non-relapsed group were 3.67±0.816 and 2.24±0.768, respectively. The average injection times of the relapsed group was significantly higher than that of the non-relapsed group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.253, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of eyes at baseline and CRT at the last follow-up ( Z=-1.342,-1.313; P=0.195, 0.195). Conclusion:Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs can effectively increase the regression rate of BCVA and CNV lesions in ICNV eyes; high baseline visual acuity indicates better CNV lesion regression after treatment. Relapsed patients can be effectively improved after re-treatment with anti-VEGF drugs, and CNV recurrence has no significant effect on the final prognosis.