Pneumonia is a major disease threatening the health of children, and its diagnosis mainly depends on medical history, physical examination, chest X-ray and CT examination. The reliability of the physical examination was low, while the chest X-ray and CT examination had certain radiation damage to children. Therefore, in recent years, the application of lung ul-trasound is popular in diagnosis of pneumonia in pediatric patients. This article reviewed the application of lung ultrasonography in diagnosis and follow-up of pneumonia in pediatric patients..

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of islet cel s is closely related to the long-term hyperglycemia-and hyperlipemia-induced injuries. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Shizidaiping formula on the apoptosis and insulin secretion in MIN6 cel s under the high glucose and lipid environment, and to explore the protective effect of Shizidaiping formula and the related apoptosis mechanism. METHODS:MIN6 cel s were divided into normal, model, melbine, low-, medium-and high-dose Shizidaiping formula groups. The cel activity was examined by cel counting kit-8, the insulin secretion was measured by ELISA, the rate of apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC&PI and the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were examined by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Shizidaiping formula significantly improved MIN6 cel activity under high glucose and lipid condition (P<0.05), decreased early cel apoptosis, increased the level of insulin stimulated by low glucose in cel supernatant (P<0.05), and improved the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05). These results suggest that Shizidaiping formula can protect islet cel s from hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia damage by improving the activity of MIN6 cel s, reducing the insulin secretion and inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreaticβcel s in MIN6 cel s.

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage(AIM)belongs to group B of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich-super family.AIM is a soluble protein secreted by macrophages.The expression of this protein is controlled by the liver X receptor.AIM,which is secreted by macrophages,plays important and broad roles in the immune responses of the body.It not only inhibits the apoptosis of macrophages but also participates in the regulation of macrophage polarization.In addition,studies have revealed that AIM is involved in various physiological and pathological processes,such as inflammation,obesity,atherosclerosis,and cancer.It has been used as a biological marker for the diagnosis of diseases such as tuberculosis and liver cirrhosis.Moreover,it can promote the lipolysis of adipose cells by inhibiting the activity of fatty acid synthase(FAS),playing an important role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis,lipid metabolism,and autoimmune diseases.In this paper,we review the multiple functional characteristics of AIM and its effects on inflammation,lipid metabolism,and related diseases to provide a theoretical basis for relevant medical research.