Objective Exploring different strengthening immune strategy on long-term immune memory effects for tuberculosis vaccine lays the theoretical foundation.Methods The fusion protein AMM,adjuvant DDA and BCG-PSN mixed built AMM subunit vaccine.Choose only 50 C57BL/6 mice (SPF),according to the table of random number method was divided into 5 groups and each group 10 only,the experiment 1 group injected mice to phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as control; Experiment 2 mice only injected BCG vaccine (BCG) from early; Experiment 3 mice BCG initial free,in 10 weeks with AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immunity; The four mice from early after BCG,respectively on 8 weeks,10 weeks with AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune mice one time.Experimental 5 groups of mice after BCG initial free,respectively on 6 weeks,8 weeks,10 weeks with AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune mice a.28 weeks to remove spleen lymphocytes in mice,add 2.5μg/ml Ag85B stimulus 72 h after collecting spleen cell culture supernatant,with ELISA test Ag85B specificity splenic lymphocyte caused IFN ppar-gamma level.Results Spleen cells by antigen Ag85B stimulation,BCG initial free,AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune once,twice,three times group and PBS compared all had difference (P ＜0.01 orP ＜0.05) ;BCG initial free-AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune once,twice,three times group and BCG compared all had difference (P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05) ; BCG initial free-AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune once and twice or three times group compared with difference (P ＜0.01 orP ＜0.05) ; Initial free-AMM subunit vaccine strengthen immune two group and three times than group difference was statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Mice strong immune strengthened the number is not the more the better,the appropriate number of strengthen the immune to induce the most lasting immunity memory,subunit vaccine strengthen immunization strategy may affect the immune memory is one of the important factors.

Patients with metastatic prostate cancer are typically managed with androgen deprivation therapy. Most patients initially respond to treatment, but many eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer, which often results from neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. NEPC has a dismal outcome with an average survival of less than 1 year and exhibits less response to radiochemotherapy. At least 25%of patients with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer are predicted to eventually develop this type of highly-aggres-sive NEPC. However, research on the molecular mechanism of NEPC is limited;thus, further studies are needed to explore the develop-ment and application of anticancer drugs for NEPC.

Objective To investigate the cognition and treatment rate of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)in perimenopause women.Methods A survey was conducted in 262 perimenopause women first coming to outpatients care.A predesigned structured questionnaire was used to collect information:the symptoms of perimenopa-use women,the cognition and acceptance to the treatment.Results Finally,248 women with the mean age of (50.30 ±2.10)years finished the questionnaire,the natural menopause age was (48.90 ±1.90)years.48.79% of these women understood the role of HRT in clinical application,and only 12.50% knew the side effect of HRT. Among them,35.48% thought that HRT was necessary for the duration of perimenopause.40.73% of them had the attitude to treatment with HRT.After the education of perimenopausal acknowledgement,117 patients (47.18%) accepted the treatment with HRT.Conclusion It showed that the awareness and treatment rate of HRT in perimeno-pause women was low.The health education should be strengthened to improve the level of perimenopause health care.

Breast milk, whether the ratio of nutritional ingredients or immunological characteristics, were the most suitable for physiological needs of preterm infants. However, breast milk composition was in dynamic change, causing imbalance of energy, which could not make the premature infant to achieve the desired growth state. Human milk fortifier, retaining advantages of the breast milk, promoted growth of premature infants further. This review primarily focused on two ways of adding human milk fortifiers, standardization fortification and targeted fortification. The former was widely used in neonatal intensive care unit, while the latter was more able to explore the growth of premature infant potentially, and to achieve a more ideal ectopic growth rate. With the development of breast milk bank, storage and component extraction technology brought about donor human milk-based human milk fortifier, which provided new directions of very low birth weight infants and very preterm infants breastfeeding. The progress of human milk fortification of premature infants was closely related to expansion of multi-disciplinary centers, and only the harmonious development of multi-center maked things much more rational and systematic.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Bobath approach combined with acupuncture on spastic cerebral palsy. Methods30 children with cerebral palsy treated with acupuncture combined with Bobath approach were as study group, other 30 children treated with Bobath approach only as the control group. ResultsThere were 27 cases (93%) were effective in study group, and 21 cases (80%) in control. The scores of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) improved in both groups (P＜0.05), but more in the study group (P＜0.05) after treatment. The spasticity alleviated in both study group (76.7%) and control group （50%）. ConclusionThe combination with acupuncture is more effective on spastic cerebral palsy than Bobath approach alone.

Neurons and glia in the central nervous system can express the key enzymes for the synthesis of neurosteroids .Once the concentration of neurosteroids is high enough , they will exert paracrine effects .Synthesis of neurosteroids declines with age in brain .So does it under stressful circumstances .Recent research reports indicate that the decrease of neurosteroids is associated with the neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in the brain .This paper reviews recent research on the most studied neurosteroids ( for example , dehydroepiandrosterone , pregnenolone and their sulphate esters, progesterone and allopregnanolone ) in affecting neuronal survival , neurite outgrowth and neurogenesis , and the potential roles of these neurosteroids in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease as well .

Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetes and bone metabolism and the potential epigenetic mechanisms. Methods BMSCs were cultured for 7 and 15 days in cell culture medium with different concentrations of glucose. The mRNA and protein expression of HDACs and osteogenesis-related genes were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay ,respectively. Moreover ,the combination of HDAC to the promoter region of Runx2 was tested by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results ThemRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes ,incuding OCN(P < 0.05)and Col1(P < 0.05),in the bone marrow of diabetic mice was significantly reduced compared with the control mice. The mRNA and protein expression of ALP ,OCN ,Runx2 and OSX was gradually reduced with the increasing concentration of glucose ,while HDAC2 mRNA and protein expression was increased. The binding activity of HDAC2 to the upstream and downstream of Runx2 promoter region in 25mM glucose-treated BMSCs was higher than the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusoins Diabetes might repress osteogenesis of BMSCs via inhibiting the activity of Runx2 through upregu-lating the expression of HDAC2.

BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering scaffolds can create proper nerve regeneration microenvironment, enrich nutritional factors for nerve regeneration and promote axonal growth. OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of tissue engineering scaffolds in nerve repair in recent years. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval was performed to search ful-text articles addressing tissue engineering scaffolds used to repair nerve damage published from 2009 to 2014 in PubMed databases using the keywords of “nerve regeneration, prostheses and implants” as wel as articles published from 2004 to 2014 in CNKI database using the keywords of “nerve repair, material” in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, scaffold materials for nerve damage mainly include natural materials, naturaly derived materials, synthetic materials and composites, al of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. By chemical crosslinkers or chemical modification, the naturaly derived polymer can be combined with other natural or synthetic composite materials, to improve their physicochemical and biological properties, i.e., the composite scaffolds have better effects than single materials in nerve regeneration. Therefore the current research focus is composite materials. In clinical research, colagen scaffold for nerve repair has entered the clinical research stage.

Objective To evaluate the feeding effect of semi-demand feeding and abdominal massage on the feeding process, feeding performances and clinical safety (including the time of returning to birth weight, feeding tolerance, apnea). Methods A total of 120 preterm infants that met inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to three groups, and each group had 40 cases. Control group:received standard feeding care. Semi-demand feeding group: received 5-10 minutes of oral motor intervention every time before feeding(including oral stimulation and non nutritional sucking), then decided feeding methods according to its consciousness behavior state. Semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group: received both semi-demand feeding and abdominal massage before feeding. Observed and recorded the three groups′ transition time, whether there were statistically significant differences in feeding performance and clinical safety. Results The feeding transition time was (11.55± 4.69), (10.98±3.85), (8.50±3.87)d in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences (F=6.088, P=0.003). In terms of feeding performance, the feeding efficiency were (7.27 ± 2.65), (9.74 ± 2.63), (9.52 ± 2.13) ml/min, the feeding proficiency were (66.31 ± 14.51)%, (76.64 ± 12.46)%, (82.26 ± 10.65)%, the volume transfer were (63.99 ± 11.02)%, (80.16 ± 14.41)%, (84.97 ± 11.16)% in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences (F=12.189, 16.383, 31.959, all P < 0.01).Among the clinical safety, the time of restoration of birth weight were (10.55 ± 1.99), (9.28 ± 1.77), (10.05 ± 2.46) d in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences(F=3.759, P=0.026). The incidence of feeding intolerance were 50.0%(20/40), 40.0%(16/40), 22.5%(9/40), and there were significant differences(χ2=6.613, P=0.037). The incidence of apnea were 37.5%(15/40), 20.0%(8/40), 15.0%(6/40), and there were significant differences(χ2=6.093, P=0.048). Conclusions The combined intervention methods could accelerate the feeding process, improve feeding performance as well as reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance and apnea. Hence, semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage is a recommended choice for clinical use.

Objective To explore the risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)among Chinese population, and to clarify the scientific evidences for further prevention and treatment.Methods PubMed,CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wangfang databases (from 2002.1 to 2013.1)were searched to collect case-control studies or cohort studies studying risk factors of VCI among Chinese population. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate combined odds ratio (OR)or mean difference (MD)and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI).Results A total of 42 proper papers involving 3 282 cases and 7 815 controls were included in the review.For categorical variables,pooled OR and its 95% CI were as follows:hypertension 2.56 (2.03 - 3.21 ), hyperlipidemia1.79 (1.39 - 2.30 ), hyperglycemia 2.46 (1.90-3.19),Leukoaraiosis 5.46 (2.60-11.46),cerebral infraction multiple foci 4.39 (2.61-7.38),stroke history3.79(2.35-6.11),left hemisphere lesions 2.13(1.42-3.20),smoking 1.51 (1.08-2.11),drinking 0.99(0.73-1.36),basal ganglia lesions 2.15(1.55-2.99),thalamus lesions 2.34(1.57-3.47);for continuous variables,MD and its 95%CI were as follows:level of TG 0.35(0.15-0.55),level of TC 0.44(-0.16-1.04),level of folic acid -4.10(-5.50- -2.69),vitamin B12 -130.44(-225.46--35.41).Conclusion Except for drinking and level of TC, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, leukoaraiosis,cerebral infraction multiple foci,stroke history,left hemisphere lesions,smoking,basal ganglia lesions,thalamus lesions,high level of TG,low level of folic acid and vitamin B12 might be the risk factors of VCI among Chinese population.