Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogeaesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).Increasing studies indicate that NADPH oxidase (NOX) is involved in oxidative stress.This article reviews the relationships between NOX and oxidative stress as well as VCI,in order to provide a new view for the prevention and treatment of VCI.

Objective To evaluate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats using speckle tracking imaging (STI). Methods The left anterior descending coronary was ligated to induce MI in twenty normal rats. One day after creation of MI, fifty survivals based on the diagnostic criteria of MI were divided into 4 groups as follows:pre-infarction, 1 day,4weeks,and 8 weeks after MI. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the changes of left ventricularfunction in rats. M-mode and two-dimensional cross-sectional echocardiography data were acquired at the papillary muscle level and digitally stored for further analysis. Circumferential strain rate(SRcir) and radial strain rate(SRrad) indexes were measured by STI software for each animal. Results One day after MI,indexes of SRcir and SRrad in anterior and lateral segments were significantly decreased (P ＜0.01, for both). Four weeks after MI,compared with baseline,SRrad and SRcir were decreased in all segments ( P ＜0.01). Eight weeks after MI, however, SRrad and SRcir showed no significant difference compared with 4weeks group. Conclusions STI can correctly identify LV dysfunction in rats and can be used for serial assessment of cardiac remodeling in rats models.

ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the expressions of cell adhesion molecules CD146 and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)in ovarian epithelial cancer and investigate their relationship with clinical pathological features of patients with ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC ) so as to further explore the pathogenesis of OEC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expressions of CD146 and TfR1 in normal,benign and ovarian cancer tissues.Results The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expressions of CD146 and TfR1 gradually increased with the changes of normal,benign and malignant tissues in OEC.There were significant differences between all the groups (P<0.05).The advanced the clinical stage,the higher the expression rate (P<0 .0 5 ).The lower the histopathological differentiation,the higher the expression rate (P<0 .0 5 ).The expressions of CD146 and TfR1 were not correlated with age or pathological patterns (P>0.05).There was a significant correlation between expressions of CD146 and TfR1 in OEC (P<0.05,rs=0.532).Combined detection sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 75.0%.Conclusion The high expressions of CD146 and TfR1 may play a key role in the occurrance,progression and metastasis of OEC.They may be used as potential markers for diagnosis,postoperative follow-up and targeted therapy.

Objective To investigate the site,MR signal types and morphological characteristics of ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel for healthy adults,in order to improve the awareness of ulnar nerve.Methods Unilateral elbow of forty healthy volunteers were scanned with MR,the sequences were as follows:T1-weighted-spin-echo,T2-weighted-spin-echo-fat-suppression,PD-weighted-spin-echo-fat-suppression,among 40,13 were supine,27 were prone.The site and MR signal types and morphological characteristics of ulnar nerve were observed,the long diameter and short diameter of the ulnar nerve on different axials were respectively measured.Results On axial,ulnar nerve was posterior to the medial condyle of the humerus at proximal elbow,lied between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profunds and superficialis muscles distally.The shape of the ulnar nerve was roundness or elliptic,the signal of 40 volunteers'(100％) ulnar nerve was isointensity on T1-weighted,the signal of 17 volunteers'(42.5％)ulnar nerve was isointense on T2-weighted or PD-weighted,the MRI signal of 23 volunteers' (57.5％) ulnar nerve was slight hyperintense on T2-weighted or PD-weighted,especially on the axial of medial condyle of humerus.The variation range of long diameter and short diameter of the ulnar nerve respectively were 1.4-3.8 mm,1.0-3.0 mm.Conclusion The certain location,MR signal types and morphological characteristics of normal ulnar nerve play an important role in the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Objective To investigate the effects of a miRNA family member, let-7e, and a combi-nation of miR-106b and miR-20a on the expression of cytokines by THP-1 cells with Luminex xMAP technol-ogy.Methods The efficiency of transfection was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay after transfecting THP-1 cells with micrONTM mimic negative control (Cy3) for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h.The three miRNA mim-ics (let-7e, miR-106b and miR-20a) were respectively used to transfect the THP-1 cells for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h and the expression of each miRNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR analysis for screening out the optimal transfection time.The transfected THP-1 cells were stimulated with1 mg/L of LPS for 1 h.The Luminex xMAP technology was used to detect the expression of IL-8, interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), mono-cyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-αand IFN-βin the supernatants of cell culture.A statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data obtained by using SPSS16.0 software. Results More than 90% of the transfected THP-1 cells were labeled with red fluorescence.The optimal transfection times for let-7e mimic and miR-106b/miR-20a mimics were 48 h and 24 h, respectively.Com-pared with the corresponding negative control (NC), the expression of IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 by THP-1 cells were enhanced after the transfection with let-7e mimic, but were inhibited after the co-transfection with miR-106b and miR-20a mimics.Conclusion The expression of IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 were enhanced in let-7e transfected THP-1 cells, but were inhibited in miR-106b and miR-20a co-transfected THP-1 cells.

Objective To explore the curative effect of quetiapine combined with paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression,and to provide reference for the choice of clinical treatment.Methods According to the digital table,96 patients with bipolar disorder were randomly divided into observation group and control group,48 cases in each group.The control group was treated with quetiapine orally,the observation group was treated with quetiapine combined with paroxetine.After 6 weeks of treatment,the clinical curative effect,the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Beck pull fan Sen Mania Rating table score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.At the same time,the adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results After 6 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 70.83％,which was significantly higher than 50.00％ in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =4.356,P =0.037).After 6 weeks of treatment,the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating quantity score in the observation group was (14.01 ± 2.95) points,which was significantly lower than (18.07 ± 3.05)points in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =5.527,P =0.036).The Baker-pull fan Sen Mania Rating score before and after treatment between the two groups had no statistically significant differences.There were no serious adverse reactions in the two groups.Conclusion Quetiapine combined with paroxetine can effectively inhibit bipolar depressive episodes,avoid manic episodes,has good clinical efficacy and high safety,it is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To study effects of shuganjieyu capsule of plasma glucose and lipid metabolism and sleep and body weight in patients with depression.Methods 90 patients of depression who received therapy from July 2013 to July 2016 in our hospital were selected.According to random number table, those patients were divided into the observation group ( n =45 ) and the control group ( n =45 ) .The control group was treated with citalopram, while the observation group was treated with shuganjieyu capsule, then glucose and lipid metabolism, sleep, weight and clinical curative effect were compared.Results After treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2h blood glucose (2 hPG), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in the observation group were lower than the control group(all P<0.05), the sleep state self rating scale (SRSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI) in the observation group were lower than the control group ( all P <0.05 ) .The body weight and body mass index in the observation group were lower than the control group (all P<0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group 95.56% (43/45)was higher than the control group 77.78% (35/45) (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group 20.00% (9/45) was lower the control group 46.67% (21/45) ( P <0.05).Conclusion Shuganjieyu capsule is well for depression, which can conducive to maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism, weight stability, and improve sleep quality and clinical symptoms, and high security,it's worthy of application and promotion.

Objective To observe the effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on the cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in geriatric, young and middle-aged patients. Methods Forty elderly patients and forty young and middle-aged patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each):elderly dexmedetomidine hydrochloride group (group DE),elderly control group (group CE),young and middle-aged dexmedetomidine group (group DY) and young and middle-aged control group (group CY).In groups DE and DY,a loading dose of 0.5 μg?kg-1 dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused over 10 min before induction of anesthesia,respectively,followed by infusion at a rate of 0.4μg?kg-1?h-1 until the end of surgery.Equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride was given in groups CE and CY.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium 0.15 mg?kg-1.Four groups were maintained with infusion of propofol and remifentanil. Neuromuscular blockade was maintained with continuous cisatracurium infusion in the four groups and was monitored with TOF-Watch SX acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis.The onset time,TOF no reaction period,duration of action,the amount of cisatracurium consumption,and the spontaneous recovery index ( T1 25% to 75%) were recorded. Results The four groups were comparable in the demographic data.Intubation conditions,the onset time and recovery index were not significantly different among the four groups. The duration of blockade action in groups DE and DY was ( 61. 1 ± 8.9) min and (53.6±9.3) min,which was significantly longer than that in group CE [(49.9±5.8) min] and group CY [(44.8± 6.4) min] (P<0.01).The duration of blockade action was significantly longer in groups DE and CE than in groups DY and CY (P<0.05).The amount of cisatracurium consumption in groups CE and CY was significantly higher than that in groups DE and DY (P<0.05). Conclusion The neuromuscular blockade is longer and the requirement of cisatracurium is less in elderly patients than in young and middle-aged patients.Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride can't accelerate the onset time of cisatracurium.But duration of action is prolonged and the amount of cisatracurium consumption is lower in patients with infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride.

Objective To evaluate left atrial appendage regional function and movement changes of systolic and diastolic in patients with atrial fibrillation by speckle tracking imaging(STI) and real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT-3D TEE).Methods Sixty-seven patients underwent RT-3D TEE was divided into 24 controls,22 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,21 persistent atrial fibrillation.Left atrial appendage was divided into basal,middle and apical segment.Left atrial appendage emptying fraction of the overall (LAA-EF),basal emptying fraction (B-EF),middle emptying fraction (M-EF) and apical emptying fraction (A-EF) was measured by three-dimensional volume measurement.Each segment systolic strain rate (SRS) and diastolic strain rate (SRD) was measured by STI.Results LAA-EF,B-EF,M-EF,A-EF of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation group were lower than those of the control group,and persistent atrial fibrillation group was the lowest in the three groups.Compared with the control group,SRS and SRD of left atrial appendage basal,middle,apical segment was lower in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group and persistent atrial fibrillation group,and persistent atrial fibrillation group decreased more significantly.Conclusions Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation can lead to left atrial appendage global or local systolic and diastolic function to reduce,and persistent atrial fibrillation decreased more significantly.

To observe the effects of Qishe Pill, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on lumbar vertebral bone formation induced by long-time upright posture in rats and to investigate the potential mechanism.