Breast milk, whether the ratio of nutritional ingredients or immunological characteristics, were the most suitable for physiological needs of preterm infants. However, breast milk composition was in dynamic change, causing imbalance of energy, which could not make the premature infant to achieve the desired growth state. Human milk fortifier, retaining advantages of the breast milk, promoted growth of premature infants further. This review primarily focused on two ways of adding human milk fortifiers, standardization fortification and targeted fortification. The former was widely used in neonatal intensive care unit, while the latter was more able to explore the growth of premature infant potentially, and to achieve a more ideal ectopic growth rate. With the development of breast milk bank, storage and component extraction technology brought about donor human milk-based human milk fortifier, which provided new directions of very low birth weight infants and very preterm infants breastfeeding. The progress of human milk fortification of premature infants was closely related to expansion of multi-disciplinary centers, and only the harmonious development of multi-center maked things much more rational and systematic.

Objective Urinary protein is closely related to the development and progression of major vascular lesionsin diabetic patients.This study was to investigate the correlation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) . Methods According to the level of 24-hour urinary albumin ( UAL) , 142 T2DM patients were divided into three groups:control (UA<30 mg, n=84), microalbuminuria(UAL<300 mg, n=26), and clinical albuminuria group ( UAL≥300 mg, n=33) .All the patients underwent examination offasting blood glucose, blood lipid, renal function, HbA1c, islet func-tion, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and BMI.Their baPWV was determined with an Omron atherosclerosis detector and the correla-tion of baPWV with other factors evaluated by Pearson analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results The baPWVwas significantly higher in themicroalbuminuria([1649.19±229.36]cm/s) and clinical albuminuria ([1759.21±291.05]cm/s) than in the control group ([1522.33±248.37]cm/s) (P<0.05).Pearson analysis showed a positive correlation between 24-hour UAL and baPWV ( r=0.347, P<0.01) and multivariate linear regression analysis manifested the same correlation ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The level of urinary protein is closely correlated with baPWV in T2DM patients.

Objective To evaluate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats using speckle tracking imaging (STI). Methods The left anterior descending coronary was ligated to induce MI in twenty normal rats. One day after creation of MI, fifty survivals based on the diagnostic criteria of MI were divided into 4 groups as follows:pre-infarction, 1 day,4weeks,and 8 weeks after MI. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the changes of left ventricularfunction in rats. M-mode and two-dimensional cross-sectional echocardiography data were acquired at the papillary muscle level and digitally stored for further analysis. Circumferential strain rate(SRcir) and radial strain rate(SRrad) indexes were measured by STI software for each animal. Results One day after MI,indexes of SRcir and SRrad in anterior and lateral segments were significantly decreased (P ＜0.01, for both). Four weeks after MI,compared with baseline,SRrad and SRcir were decreased in all segments ( P ＜0.01). Eight weeks after MI, however, SRrad and SRcir showed no significant difference compared with 4weeks group. Conclusions STI can correctly identify LV dysfunction in rats and can be used for serial assessment of cardiac remodeling in rats models.

Objective To evaluate the feeding effect of semi-demand feeding and abdominal massage on the feeding process, feeding performances and clinical safety (including the time of returning to birth weight, feeding tolerance, apnea). Methods A total of 120 preterm infants that met inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to three groups, and each group had 40 cases. Control group:received standard feeding care. Semi-demand feeding group: received 5-10 minutes of oral motor intervention every time before feeding(including oral stimulation and non nutritional sucking), then decided feeding methods according to its consciousness behavior state. Semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group: received both semi-demand feeding and abdominal massage before feeding. Observed and recorded the three groups′ transition time, whether there were statistically significant differences in feeding performance and clinical safety. Results The feeding transition time was (11.55± 4.69), (10.98±3.85), (8.50±3.87)d in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences (F=6.088, P=0.003). In terms of feeding performance, the feeding efficiency were (7.27 ± 2.65), (9.74 ± 2.63), (9.52 ± 2.13) ml/min, the feeding proficiency were (66.31 ± 14.51)%, (76.64 ± 12.46)%, (82.26 ± 10.65)%, the volume transfer were (63.99 ± 11.02)%, (80.16 ± 14.41)%, (84.97 ± 11.16)% in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences (F=12.189, 16.383, 31.959, all P < 0.01).Among the clinical safety, the time of restoration of birth weight were (10.55 ± 1.99), (9.28 ± 1.77), (10.05 ± 2.46) d in control group, semi-demand feeding group and semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage group, and there were significant differences(F=3.759, P=0.026). The incidence of feeding intolerance were 50.0%(20/40), 40.0%(16/40), 22.5%(9/40), and there were significant differences(χ2=6.613, P=0.037). The incidence of apnea were 37.5%(15/40), 20.0%(8/40), 15.0%(6/40), and there were significant differences(χ2=6.093, P=0.048). Conclusions The combined intervention methods could accelerate the feeding process, improve feeding performance as well as reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance and apnea. Hence, semi-demand feeding combined abdominal massage is a recommended choice for clinical use.

Objective To explore the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in blood plasma and its relation with the behavior ofchildren with autism. Methods High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the level of free PUFAs of blood plasma in30 autistic children and 20 healthy children. Conner's Parent Rating Scale (parents) and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) RatingScale were used to evaluate the behavior of the children, and the relationship between the PUFAs level and abnormal behavior in the childrenwas also analyzed. Results The level of α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFAs were lower in autisticchildren than in healthy children (P<0.05), especially lower in DHA (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in n-3 PUFAs betweentwo groups (P>0.05); There were negatively correlations between the level of DHA and total n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma and impulsion-hyperactivity,hyperactivity index, learning, anxiety, stereotypic behavior, self-injurious behavior, compulsions, ritualistic behavior and samenessbehavior. Conclusion The level of n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma of autistic children was lower than the healthy children and the level ofPUFAs were correlated with the behavior of autistic children.

CMTM family is silenced and down-regulated in several kinds of tumors.Its aberrant expression has a strong association with the development,progression and metastasis of tumors.Thus,CMTM family is potential tumor suppressor genes.Epigenetics mechanism is the essential mechanism of the aberrant expression in this gene family.The discovery of this research gives a new direction to the clinical treatment of tumor.

Objective To investigate the application of parametric quantification (PQ) with targeted microbubbles on angiogenesis after stem cell transplantation in rabbits with myocardial infarction.Methods A CD34-targeted microbubble was prepared.Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model were established by ligating coronary artery in 80 New Zealand white rabbits.Rabbits in common microbubble group (T + C group) and CD34-targeted microbubble group (T + T group) were subjected to myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE),then compare myocardial perfusion parameters (A,β and A × β values) pre- and 3d post- ligation and 4 weeks after stem cell transplantation.Microvessel density (MVD) were determine by CD34 antibody immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to before stem cell transplantation,the perfusion scores ( P ＜0.05) and A,β and A× β values( P ＜0.01) of T+ C group and T+ T group were increased than before transplantation and control group.MVDs after stem cell transplantation in experimental groups were higher than those of control group ( P ＜0.01),especially the T + T group.A × β value in the T + C group was correlated with MVD ( r =0.658,P ＜ 0.05) ; β and A × β value in the T + T group were correlated with MVD ( r =0.620,0.859,P ＜0.05).A × β value ( X ) and MVD ( Y ) were included to establish the following regression equation:Y =- 130.986 + 34.505 X ( R 2 =0.556,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PQ and CD34-targeted microbubble probably provides some value in invasive evaluation of angiogenesis after stem cell transplantation.

Objective:To study the interaction between cisplatin and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) under the simulated human physiological condition. Methods:The interaction mechanism of BSA and cisplatin was investigated by fluorescent spectrometry; the binding constant, binding site and interaction force were studied, and the interaction effects on the conformation change of BSA were investigated as well. Results:The results of fluorescent spectrometry showed that a ground state complex was formed between cisplatin and BSA, and the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was static quenching. The binding parameters of cisplatin and BSA were as follows:the binding constant was 1. 36 × 104 L·mol-1 , the binding site was 0. 991, and the interaction was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals forces. The results of synchronous fluorescent spectrometry demonstrated that the interaction influenced the micro-environments of amide acid residues. Conclusion:Cisplatin can interact with BSA and change the conformation of BSA.

Objective To construct a mouse model for real-time,noninvasive and specific monitoring of inflammation activation in hepatic tissues.Methods An inflammation reporter gene was targeted to the liver by hydrodynamic gene delivery technology.Bioluminescence imaging was used to detect the firefly luciferase(Fluc) expression in the mouse liver after inflammatory stimulation.Besides,the relevance between the light intensity and inflammation level was also intensively investigated.Results pIL-6-Fluc was successfully delivered to the liver.The hydrodynamic gene delivery could cause a transient liver injury that could return normal in 5 to 7 days.The expression of pIL-6-Fluc could be induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS) treatment with an about (46.80±13.35) fold increase at the peak value,which was significantly higher than that detected by ELISA [(4.09±0.96)fold].Conclusion An inflammation reporter mouse model is constructed in this study by hydrodynamic gene transfection,allowing noninvasive monitoring of inflammation activation specifically in hepatic tissues.The reporter model is capable of monitoring inflammation activation with a sensitivity higher than that of ELISA.