The brainstem ischemic injuries were produced by the occlusion of the basilar artery for 6 h in dogs. Gypenoside (150 mg ?kg-1)were intradudinally given at 3 h before the occlusion. We discovered that gypenoside alleviated the ischemic neuronal damage (histopathologically evaluated by the light and electronic microscope), ameliorated the abnormal changes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) (F

Objective To treat cerebrovascular stenosis with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting and analyze the problems of this method and its therapeutic effects.Methods Twenty-three patients with brain watershed infarction proven by CT or MRI because of severe cerebrovascular stenosis were investigated for their clinic features,cerebrovascular digital subtraction angiography(DSA) and neurologic status before operation and after stent placement.Results The offending arteries concerning carotid sinus(C1 segment) in 14 cases,internal carotid artery(C2 segment) in 2 cases,internal carotid artery(C5,6 segment) in 4 cases;The offending arteries involving left artery in 8 cases,right in 15 cases.The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for all patients was successful.All patients did not suffer from TIA and stroke in 6-to 12-month follow-up.Conclusion The brain watershed infarction caused by atherosclerotic cerebrovascular stenosis was not an infrequent ischemic cerebrovascular disease.The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting is an effective treatment for carotid artery or internal carotid artery stenosis.With proper selection of the patients and meticulous technique,percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting should be of safety and efficacy for stroke prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of lipid ultrasonic microbubble on the cellular absorption rate of antiparallel phosphorothioate triplex-forming oligonucleotide(TFO) and the expression of the tissue factor(TF) in endothelial cells.Methods The GT21-apsTFO,specific to the gene sequence of the shearing stress response element,was synthesized and the lipid ultrasonic microbubble carrying TFO was constructed.The ECV304 cells were divided into 4 groups:control group(SSRE),received shear stress only for 6h;TFO+ ultrasonic irradiation group(TFO+U),treated with 60?l TFO in final concentration of 0.2?mol/L and ultrasonic irradiation for 30s simultaneously;TFO-lipid microbubble group(TFO-M),treated with 60?l lipid microbubble loaded with TFO in final concentration of 0.2?mol/L;and TFO-lipid microbubble + ultrasonic irradiation group(TFO-M+U),treated with 60?l lipid microbubble loaded with TFO(final concentration was 0.2?mol/L) and ultrasonic irradiation for 30s simultaneously.Cells in the last 3 groups were treated with shear stress for 6h with pressure of 1.2Pa 24h after transfection.The fluorescent microscope was used to observe the cellular absorption rate of TFO.The immunofluorescence method and RT-PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA expressions of TF.Results The transfection efficiency of the TFO was higher in TFO-M+U group(38.83%?6.52%) than in TFO-M group(9.50%?2.88%) and TFO+U group(12.66%?3.01%,P

This study sought to synthesize a triple helix-forming phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (TFO-ps) and assess its effects on coagulation activity of the tissue factor(TF) and TF gene expression in endothelial cells. Experiment antiparallel oligodeoxynucleotides T21GTa sequence was designed and synthesized by phosphoramidite method and decorated with all-PS linkage. The affinity of TFO and TFO-ps was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA). Cellular uptake of [32]P-labeled TFO-ps and the effect of TFO-ps on TF gene expression and coagulation activity of TF were measured in endothelial cell strain ECV304. The results showed that TFO-ps (T21GTa-ps) formed a triplex binding in antiparallel orientation to the puring-rich target strand-SSRE, with Kd value of 3.6 x 10(-10) M. The uptake rate of TFO-ps (T21GTa-ps) in ECV304 was about 11.65%. This compound mainly localized within the nucleus sediment(77.25%), significantly reduced the average OD of the mRNA expression and protein synthesis of TF gene, and obviously decreased the coagulation activity of TF. In conclusion, TFO-ps (T21GTa-ps) shows obvious anti-coagulation activity and its mechanism involves the inhibition of TF gene expression.
Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium ; cytology ; drug effects ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Thromboplastin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology

Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic disease that affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people by crosslinking multiple signaling pathways. With the increasing aging of the population， the incidence of OP is also increasing year by year. Because of a series of problems such as high incidence， difficulty in treatment， and poor prognosis， it has been widely studied and reported by scholars in China and abroad. At present， the drugs used by western medicine are mainly divided into two categories： Bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters. Although the efficacy is reliable， there are still deficiencies such as poor dependence of patients on the drug， uncontrollable side effects， and high costs. However， in recent years， with the continuous deepening and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research， the treatment of OP by TCM has been widely recognized in clinical practice. Many scholars have found that the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of OP includes the widespread involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， which mainly promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to osteoblasts （OB）， inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts （OC）， and improves the expression of osteogenesis-related factors alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， Runt-associated transcription factor 2 （Runx2）， type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ） to treat OP. Although the current research on the TCM treatment of OP through the MAPK pathway is deepening， there are still certain deficiencies in the study of its molecular mechanism. Therefore， this paper reviewed the relationship between the MAPK signaling pathway and key target protein factors and OP to clarify the important role of the MAPK signaling pathway in OP. At the same time， the targeted regulation of MAPK signaling pathways by TCM to treat OP was systematically summarized in order to provide a scientific basis for the further accurate treatment of OP in TCM.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） are derived from stem cells isolated from bone marrow and have the potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal. Under certain conditions， BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into osteoblast （OB）， chondrocyte， adipocyte， fibroblast， etc. BMSCs play an important role in maintaining the stability of bone structure and balancing bone metabolism. Promoting the proliferation of BMSCs and inducing their differentiation into OB of great significance for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis， bone defects， fracture healing， and other diseases. Because the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs are complex processes controlled by multiple genes and regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） happens to have the advantages of multi-bioactive component， multi-target， and multi-pathway synergism， which can affect the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs through multiple channels and induce the proliferation of BMSCs. The transcription and expression of genes related to osteogenesis can be enhanced to promote the differentiation of BMSCs into OB， so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating osteoporosis， bone defects， and other bone diseases. Based on the literature on the intervention of TCM monomers and compounds in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs， this study reviewed TCM monomers and compounds in promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating secreted glycoprotein （Wnt）， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein （Notch）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI3K） /protein kinase B （Akt）， bone morphogenetic protein （BMP）/Smad， Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein （STAT）， osteoprotegerin （OPG）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B （RANK）/RANK ligand （RANKL）， and other signaling pathways to provide new ideas for the research and clinical application of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of orthopedic diseases.