Objective To investigate the influence of clindamycin (CM) on the biofilm of mucoid P. aeruginosa (PA). Methods A biofilm model of mucoid PA were reproduced in vitro by plate culture method, and it was identified under SEM (scanning electronic microscopy). The viable bacteria were counted by MTT method. The morphology of biofilms was observed under SEM. Results Stable PA biofilms formed after PA was incubated for 7 days. The viable bacteria and biofilm morphology showed little change in single CM or levofloxacin (LFX) drug groups. When CM was combined with LFX, the number of viable bacteria was significantly decreased, and the biofilm structure was damaged, and the remaining bacteria were separated. Conclusion Clindamycin can suppress the biofilm formation of mucoid PA when combined with LFX.

Objective: To investigate the source of Candida alb ic ans in the mouth of neonates. Methods: 208 mother in fant pairs were recruited. Specimens from mothers for fungal culture were obtain de from the mouths by oral rinse and from vagina by swab within 48 h before de livery, and specimens from full term neonates were obtained from mouth by swab on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day while still in hospital and when the neonates were 1 month old. Candida species were identified by the routine microbiologica l methods, then Candida albicans isolated from mother infant pairs were com pared genetically by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). Results: Candida albicans was isolated in the mouth of only 2 neonates (0.96%) and in the vagina and mouth of the corresponding 2 mothers in hospital.That was isola ted in the mouth of 43 neonates (21.39%) when they were 1 month old and in both vagina and mouth of 3 corresponding mothers and in the mouth of another 2 corr esponding mothers. RAPD revealed different genotypes of Candida albicans in each mother infant pair. Conclusions: The vertical tran smission of Candida albicans from mother to baby seems not to be the main so urce of Candida albicans in neonate mouth.

Objective To evaluate the effect of furosemide on Cl -/HCO- 3 exchange of inner medullary collecting duct(IMCD) in rabbit kidney. Methods The effect of furosemide in different concentrations on the changes in Cl -/HCO- 3 exchange in mono-layer of IMCD cell in rabbit kidney was determined by fluorescent probe technique. Results Cl -/HCO- 3 exchange in IMCD cell could be inhibited by 4.3% by 15?mol/L furo semide solution, and 480?mol/L furosemide solution could inhibit the exchange by 97.4%. The Cl -/HCO- 3 exchange rates of the groups, in which the final concentrations of furosemide were equal to or higher than 30?mol/L, were significantly lower than that of the control group(P

Objective To reproduce a rabbit model of alginate immune pneumonia, and to study the pathogenic role of alginate on lung tissue. Methods Rabbits of group A, being challenged by saline, served as the control group. Rabbits of group B and C were immunized with seaweed alginate and bacterial alginate respectively. Body temperature,peripheral blood cells and the serum level of circulating immune complex (CIC) were measured after the challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were incubated and bacterial colonies were counted. The cell number and differential count of BALF were made. The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed under microscopy. Results In both seaweed alginate and bacterial alginate groups, the peripheral blood cell count and the number of bacterial colonies in BALF were similar to that of the saline group. However, the serum CIC levels and the cell count of BALF were increased significantly after the challenge. Under light microscopy, lymphocyte infiltration and lymphoid follicle formation around the bronchiolus were found in all alginate immunized groups, and there was also narrowing of bronchioli. Conclusion Both seaweed alginate and bacterial alginate could be used to establish the model of alginate immune pneumonia in rabbits. Alginate can cause inflammatory reaction and pathological changes in the rabbit lung, manifesting mainly peribronchilar lymphocytic infiltration and lymphoid follicle formation around the bronchioli.

Objective To investigate the synergic bactericidal activity of Herba Houttuyniae combined with levofloxacin on the biological envelope of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA).Methods MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) was determined by using tube doubling dilution method. In-vitro biological envelope models of PA were established by plate cultivation method. The bacterial colony were counted by MTT method. The morphology of biological envelope were observed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM) .Results On the 7th day of cultivation,the stable biological envelope formed.Herba Houttuyniae or levofloxacin alone had no effect on the biological envelope or the number of surviving bacterial colony. The combination of the above two could destroy the structure of biological envelope and decrease the number of surviving bacterial colony.Conclusion Herba Houttuyniae combined with levofloxacin has synergistic germicidal actions on biological envelope of PA.

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of the interve ntion of burning mouth syndrome(BMS) reported by Chinese articles and to assess the quality of the studies by evidence-based medicine. Methods: relevant literatures were searched and identified in Chinese Medical Bio logical Database (CMB) and Chinese Technological Periodical Database (VIP) . Stu dies were selected with following criteria: study design- randomized controlle d trials; participants-patients with BMS. An evidence-based analysis was perfo rmed to the literatures. Results: There were totally 47 articles examined and only 11 of them met the criteria . Meta analysis was not possible due to the low quantity and poor quality, However, as far as the p ublished articles concerned, Lusunjing capsule showed good short-term effect in the treatment and nerve block with vitamin B 1 and B 12 was more effec tive than oral admenistering of vitamin. Conclusion: Th e quantity and quality of the reviewed studies are far from satisfaction and ca n not meet the clinical needs. Further trials of high methodological quality ne ed to be undertaken in order to develop effective treatment of BMS.

To establish a highly sensitive and specific method to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium homini, the RT-PCR-ELISA assay was tried, in which the primer with a biotin-labeled probe was designed to amplify fragment containing the highly variable region by multiple alignment between p23 gene of C.hominis and other Cryptosporidium spp. The RT-PCR was used to amplify the target fragment, and the amplified product was used to hybridize with the probe primer. The hybridized product was then captured on micro-plate wells coated with streptavidin and reacted with anti-digoxin antibody labeled with horse-radish peroxidase. This method of testing was then used for the detection of C.hominis in 22 clinical specimens and compared with the conventional methods of testing. It was demonstrated that the RT-PCR--ELISA for the detection of C.hominis was proved to be quite sensitive and specific. Its sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of the general PCR. From the result of clinic detection, the detection rate of RT-PCR-ELISA assay attained to 86%(19/22), while those of RT-PCR, sucrose floating method and anti-acid staining were 27%, 27% and 50% respectively. This result indicates that the RT-PCR-ELISA assay is more sensitive to detect C.hominis than the other three methods of testing.

Infectious diseases are caused by infection of organism with pathogenic agents, which may lead to epidemics. Many infectious diseases such as syphilis, diphtheria, measles, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have specific and non-specific manifestations in the oral cavity. However, the same disease may have different oral manifestations in different patients clinically. We can apply the strategy of "three unusuals and one change" in clinical reasoning for diagnosis of infectious diseases with oral manifestations. The so-called "three unusuals" refer to unusual age, unusual location and unusual effect, and "one change" means the change from rare to common. In this article, we will give a comprehensive introduction about the oral manifestations of common communicable diseases and their diagnostic strategies.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; Measles ; Syphilis

Objective To study the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)deletion on melanoma growth. Methods A subcutaneous xenotransplanted melanoma model was established in ANP knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice. The tumor volume was measured at the sixth day after establishment of the subcutaneous transplantation. Tumor cell proliferation and tumor-induced angiogenesis were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The volume and weight of xenotransplanted melanoma were significantly decreased in the ANP knockout mice compared with those in the C57BL/6J mice. The proliferative tumor cells and microvessel density were significantly decreased in the tumor tissues of ANP knockout mice compared with those in the C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions ANP deletion significantly suppresses xenotransplanted melanoma growth through inhibiting the tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in lung metastasis of melanoma. Methods Melanoma B16F10 cells were intravenously injected into ANP knockout mice and C57BL／6J mice. After three weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the lungs were removed, embedded, and examined by pathology using HE staining. The numbers of metastatic foci on the lung surface and micrometastatic foci in the lung tissues were counted. Results The ANP knockout mice displayed fewer metastatic foci on the lung surface and less micrometastatic foci in the lung tissues of ANP knockout mice than in the C57BL／6J mice. Conclusions ANP deletion significantly suppresses the metastasis of melanoma in the lung of mice.