Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease often observed in advanced liver cirrhosis patients with circulatory dysfunction and tends to have poor prognosis. At present, terlipressin combined with albumin is the preferred drug treatment regimen for HRS. Many studies have been conducted on the predictive factors for the therapeutic effect of terlipressin combined with albumin, but there lacks a comprehensive report of these studies. This article reviews the latest research advances in this disease and its treatment from the pathogenesis of HRS and the mechanism of action of drugs, as well as the research advances in the predictive factors for the therapeutic effect of terlipressin combined with albumin in terms of baseline data, changes after treatment, and treatment regimens. It is pointed out that early identification of factors that can help predict treatment response has important clinical significance.