Objective To observe the effects of different doses of rotenone on reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial transemembrane potential as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure in order to investigate the possible mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured pheochromaffinoma cells. Methods ROS production induced by rotenone in cells were measured using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope and mitochondrial ultrastructures were observed under transmission electron microscope. Results Treatment with 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ?mol/L concentrations of rotenone could increase the generation of ROS in PC12 cells as 1.55?0.17, 2.16?0.10, 1.77?0.20 and 1.40?0.12, and disrupt the mitochondrial transmembrane potential about 93.86?10.12, 119.43?7.09, 102.71?9.36 and 83.14?10.70. There were significant differences as compared with the control group (P

Objective To investigate the calcium mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the changes of ultrastructure induced by rotenone. Methods Rotenone induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in PC12 cells were measured by using flow cytometry(FCM). Relative changes of intracellular calcium concentration were monitored by use of laser scanning confocal microscope. The ultrastructures were observed under transmitting electronic microscope. Results Treatment with different concentrations of rotenone ( 0.1 ?mol/L,1.0 ?mol/L,2.0 ?mol/L and 3.0 ?mol/L )increased the ROS generation in PC12 cells, and fluorescence intensity (FI) value was shown as 1.55?0.17, 2.16?0.10, 1.77?0.20 and 1.41?0.12, respectively. The same concentration of rotenone resulted in the elevation of intracellular calcium,the relative changes of fluorescence intensity about 0.6029?0.0685,1.0902?0.1127,0.7479?0.0820 and 0.5614?0.0870. There were significant differences as compared with those in control group (P

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community residents in Shuangjing District,Beijing.Methods 5 communities were randomly selected from 12 communities in Shuangjing District.According to roster,512 residents were selected randomly.Among them,there were 197 males and 315 females with an average age of (64.71±8.22) years.87.9％ of subjects had junior high school culture and over.The awareness rate of knowledge related with VCI was investigated by questionnaires from January 2013 to March 2013.Results Although the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular dementia was only 36.9％,the awareness rates of symptoms of impairment in memory,orientation,language,execution,calculation,visuospatial and judgement were 43.8％-89.3％.The awareness rates of four outpatient clinics among dementia patients were 21.5％-38.9％,however,the awareness rate of dementia which was not curable was 47.5％.The awareness rates of 5 risk factors for stroke were 54.5％-83.4％,but the awareness rate of cognition impairment caused by hypotension and hypoglycemia was 42.8％ and 43.2％,respectively.About VCI-related preventive knowledge,the awareness rates of VCI population with high risk factors,cognitive abilities screening,and primary prevention were 35.5％-95.5 ％.The main routes taking healthy knowledge were the television and newspapers with the awareness rate of 86.9％ and 60.2％,respectively.85.9％ of subjects agreed that healthy education was helpful to their life qualities.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship of accumulated points of VCI-related knowledge with gender and education degree (P＜0.05).Conclusions The awareness rates of risk factors,diagnosis and therapy and primary prevention for VCI are lower in Shuangjing community,and the health education about VCI should be strengthened.

Objective To survey the awareness rate of knowledge about vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community physicians.Methods A questionnaire survey on the awareness of knowledge about VCI was conducted in 87 community physicians from 4 community hospitals in Beijing Chaoyang District from October to December 2012.Among all participants there were 27 males and 60 females with an average age of (39 ± 11) years,85％ (74/87)had college or university degrees,90％ (78/87) held primary or middle-level professional titles,41％ (36/87),of them were internists.Results All participants completed the questionnaire.The awareness rate about minor and major neurocognitive disorder was 39％ (60/87) ; the rates of various causes of dementia were 51％ (44/87)-100％ (87/87) and various symptoms of cognitive impairment were 79％ (69/87)-99 ％ (86/87),respectively.The awareness rate of cognitive impairment as initial symptom displayed in stroke was 54 ％ (47/87).The awareness rates of knowledge related to diagnosis and treatment of dementia were 57％ (50/87)-97％ (84/87) and 80％ (70/87)-100％ (87/87),respectively.The awareness rates about that Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies were not reversed by early treatment were 46％ (40/87)and 37％ (32/87),respectively.The awareness rates of vascular risk factors were 20％ (17/87)-100％ (87/87)and those about the mode of health education were 52％ (45/87)-95 ％ (83/87).There was 36％ (31/87) community physicians who thought that they possessed VCI-related knowledge.Conclusions The results of survey suggest that community physicians shall upgrade their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment for vascular cognitive impairment.