Objective:To explore the current status of medication adherence to immunosuppressants in lung transplant recipients and to analyze its correlation with medication beliefs and perceived social support.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From June 2022 to April 2023, totally 233 lung transplant recipients who were followed up in the Department of Lung Transplantation at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were selected by convenience sampling. The Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS), the Chinese version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between medication adherence to immunosuppressants, medication beliefs, and perceived social support in these lung transplant recipients.Results:A total of 233 questionnaires were distributed, with 213 valid responses received (91.42%). The incidence of non-adherence to immunosuppressants among the 213 transplant recipients was 41.78% (89/213), with the most common issue being not taking medication on time (27.23%, 58/213). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and perceived social support were influencing factors of medication adherence ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The current level of medication adherence to immunosuppressants in lung transplant recipients is relatively poor. Medication adherence is correlated with age and the level of perceived social support. Healthcare providers should pay attention to medication adherence in younger patients and enhance their perceived social support to increase adherence to immunosuppressive medications.