Objective To investigate the effects of different lighting(sulfur lamp, heat radiation lamp, fluorescent lamp and LED lamp) on reproductive system in depressive male rats.Methods CUMS depressive model of rats was established through the stimulations of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS), then they were randomly divided into 5 groups:depressive model group, sulfur lamp group, heat radiation lamp group, fluorescent lamp group and LED lamp group.After 45 d of continuous illumination, serum was collected and reproductive organs were removed from rats, then the organ index of testicle,epididymis,seminal vesicle and kidney was calculated, the concentrations of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (PROG)in the serum were detected by ELISA, the histomorphological lesion of testicle was observed under microscope with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the expression of melatonin receptors (Mel 1a), 3β-HSD and P450scc of testicle were detected by Western blot.Results The organ index of testicle, epididymis and seminal vesicle, the concentration of T, E2,PRLand PROG, and the expression of Mel 1a, 3β-HSD and P450scc in the depressive rats were significantly lower than that of the controls(P<0.05), and the seminiferous tubules of the testis of depressive rats were atrophied.However, the level of T, E2, PRL and PROG were increased,the cell morphology of the testicle was improved, and the expression of Mel 1a, 3β-HSD and and P450scc were upregulated after the sulfur lamp lighting in the depressive male rats compared with depressive model group (P<0.05).Conclusions The testis structure and functions of depressive male rats are improved by sulfur lamp lighting.

Objective:To investigate the synergistic antitumor effect of pyrotinib in combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive breast cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods:HER2 positive breast cancer cells were screened by Western blotting.HER2 positive SKBR-3 and BT474 cells were treated with pyrotinib and 5-Fu individually or in combination for the following experiments.MTT assay was used to assess the effect of different drugs on the proliferation of the treated cells,and the combination index(CI)values were calculated using Combidrug software.Colony formation assay was used to evaluate the effect of different drugs on the colony-forming ability of the treated cells.FCM assay was used to analyze the effect of different drugs on the apoptosis rate and cell cycle of the treated cells.Western blotting was used to examine the effect of different drugs on the expression levels of proteins in the proliferation-and apoptosis-related signaling pathways.SKBR-3-cell-based tumor xenograft model was established using BALB/c nude mice.After treatment with pyrotinib and 5-Fu individually or in combination,the growth profiles of the xenograft tumors were recorded and the expression levels of proteins in the proliferation-and apoptosis-related signaling pathways were examined in the tumor tissues. Results:HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines SKBR-3 and BT474 were selected for further experiments after screening.The proliferation SKBR-3 and BT474 cells could be inhibited after treatment with pyrotinib and 5-Fu individually or in combination(all P＜0.05).Compared with pyrotinib or 5-Fu single drug treatment,pyrotinib in combination with 5-Fu had higher inhibition rate on the proliferation of SKBR-3 and BT474 cells with a Cl value of＜1,indicating the synergistic effect of pyrotinib and 5-Fu.In addition,in contrast to pyrotinib or 5-Fu single drug treatment,there was a further decrease in the number of colonies formed,increase in apoptosis rate,and increase in the percentage of G0/G,cells in SKBR-3 and BT474 cells after treatment with pyrotinib in combination with 5-Fu(all P＜0.01).Animal experiment results showed that the growth rate of xenograft tumors in mice treated with pyrotinib in combination with 5-Fu was significantly slower than that of the single-drug treated mice(P＜0.05).Western blotting analysis showed that the expression levels of HER2,HER4,AKT and phosphorylated ERK were significantly decreased after treatment with pyrotinib in combination with 5-Fu both in vitro and in vivo(all P＜0.01),indicative of the blockage of proliferation-related signaling pathways.Meanwhile,analysis of the apoptosis-related proteins revealed a decrease in the expression levels of caspase 3,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP),and Bcl-2(all P＜0.01),while an increase in the expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3,cleaved-PARP,and p21(all P＜0.01). Conclusion:Pyrotinib and 5-Fu had synergistical antitumor effect on HER2 positive breast cancer cells,and the underlying mechanism may be related to the blockage of proliferation-associated signaling pathways and the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

The construction and operation of the hospital-wide radiation protection management information system is of great significance for improving the efficiency and quality of radiation protection management. A hospital has built a hospital-wide radiation protection management system, which consisted of four modules: radiation staff management module, protection items management module, site and equipment management module, and self-inspection module. The system adopted B/S mode, carried the lightweight J2EE framework-SpringBoot framework, and used mybatis, which was flexible and practical, as the persistence layer of the system, to store the data completely in the SQLServer database.Java language was used as the system development language, and the front and back-end separation architecture was used. Each of the four modules implemented the management responsibility departments and responsible personnel to carry out the all-round management of radiation protection, and realized the integrated, information-based and standardized management of radiation protection management in the hospital.

Expert evidence, expert opinion, and expert consensus are frequently mentioned and used in the process of guideline development. However, due to the lack of clear definitions and standards, there is confusion and misuse among the three in practice. This paper clarifies the meanings, current status, differences, and connections of expert evidence, expert opinion, and expert consensus in the development of guidelines, aiming to provide a reference for guideline developers in China.