Sodium cellulose sulfate (NaCS)/Ploy-dimethyl-dially-ammonium-chloride (PDMDAAC) microcapsules were used as a novel pseudo "Cell Factory" to immobilize mixed bacteria for hydrogen production under anaerobic conditions. Compared to free cells, the hydrogen production was increased more than 30% with NaCS/PDMDAAC microcapsules as the pseudo "Cell Factory". The biomass was increased from 1.5 g/L in free cell culture to 3.2 g/L in the pseudo "Cell Factory". This pseudo "Cell Factory" system showed the excellent stability during 15 repeated-batches. The hydrogen yield maintained 1.73-1.81 mol H2/mol glucose. The fermentation cycle was shortened from 48 h to 24 h, resulting in an increase of 198.6% in the hydrogen production rate. There were high percentage of butyric acid and acetic acid in the culture broth, which meant that the pseudo "Cell Factory" established in the present work could be used for the multi-product system.
Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Cells, Immobilized ; metabolism ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen ; metabolism ; Polyethylenes ; chemistry ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; chemistry

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of children with atopic mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of children with atopic mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods:One hundred and eighty cases of children diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected. According to whether they had atopic constitution, they were divided into atopic mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(AMPP)group(84 cases)and non-atopic mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(NAMPP)group(96 cases). The clinical data of age, sex, fever time, hospital stay, application time of macrolides, white blood cells, CRP, LDH, and lung CT were collected from the two groups, and the differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging manifestations of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.Results:(1)Both the absolute value of eosinophils and total IgE values in the AMPP group were higher than those in the NAMPP group, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The incidence of severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)and/or refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)and chest imaging manifestations of interstitial pneumonia in the AMPP group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). (2)The incidence of wheezing in the AMPP group was 48.81%(41 cases/84 cases), which was significantly higher than that in the NAMPP group 22.92%(22 cases/96 cases). The duration of cough and wheezing in the AMPP group was longer than that in the NAMPP group( P<0.05), with statistically significant differences( P<0.05). (3)In the AMPP group, 36.90%(31 cases /84 cases)of the children received intravenous methylprednisolone treatment, which was significantly higher than the 20.83%(20cases /96 cases)of the NAMPP group. Lung rales absorption time in the AMPP group[(9.73±3.59)d] was significantly longer than that in the NAMPP group[(7.52±2.44)d], and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Lung CT examination showed that the absorption of lung inflammation in the AMPP group was worse than that in the NAMPP group, with a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). The hospitalization time of children in the AMPP group[(10.88±4.17)d] was longer than that in the NAMPP group[(9.68±2.68)d], with a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). Conclusion:The condition of AMPP is more serious than that of NAMPP, and it is more likely to cause incomplete absorption of pulmonary inflammation.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis caused by severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, to find the risk factors for plastic bronchitis, and to provide references for judging the prognosis and comprehensively formulating treatment plans.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data(146 cases)of children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia who underwent bronchoscopy in the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019.According to whether it was plastic bronchitis, all patients were divided into plastic bronchitis group(68 cases) and non-plastic bronchitis group(78 cases), and the gender, age, laboratory examination indicators, imaging characteristics and treatment of children were collected under the circumstances.The single factor with clinical significance and statistical significance would be subjected to multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, heat duration, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein value, and interleukin-6 value between the two groups(all P>0.05). The percentage of neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, number of cases of pleural effusion, length of hospital stay, and number of endoscopy in the plastic bronchitis group were higher than those in non-plastic bronchitis group, the number of right upper lobe consolidation cases was less than that in the non-plastic bronchitis group, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that pleural effusion( OR=4.898, 95% CI 2.195-10.926) and lactate dehydrogenase ( OR=1.051, 95% CI 1.003-1.101) were independent predictors of plastic bronchitis in children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Conclusion:For children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, if lung CT shows that the upper lobe of the non-right lung is uniformly compacted and complicated with pleural effusion, lactate dehydrogenase is significantly increased, and attention should be paid to the possibility of plastic bronchitis.Timely improvement of fiberoptic bronchoscopy may shorten the course of the disease and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Purpose To investigate the consistency of the"Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer"published in 2017 by the Associa-tion for Molecular Pathology(AMP)/American Society of Clini-cal Oncology(ASCO)/College of American Pathologists(CAP).Methods Sixty variants of 26 genes from 11 types of cancer were selected.5 professionals from four hospitals e-quipped with in-hospital NGS detection ability were used to in-terpret the treatment,diagnosis and progenosis respectivly.In the first phase of the study,each researcher rated the variants individually according to their own understanding of the 2017 guideline.In the second phase,the details of the guidelines'e-valuation principles were discussed and interpreted again after reaching a consensus.Results Eleven principles recognized by all participants were summarized as a supplement to interpreta-tion.Fleiss consistency showed that the consistency of interpre-tation of treatment and prognostic significance in the second stage was higher than that in the first phase(κ value was 0.166 vs 0.276,0.014 vs 0.185).The consistency of interpretation of diagnostic significance in the second stage was lower than that in the first phase(κ value was 0.454 vs 0.035).Conclusion There is inconsistency in the clinical interpretation of tumor gene variation among different laboratories.It is feasible for laborato-ries to establish a mutually recognized interpretation system for the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of tumors.

Objective:To investigate MAML2 gene rearrangement, gene fusion patterns, and the clinicopathological characteristics of primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC).Methods:Forty-six cases of primary PMEC from Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between 2017 and 2020 were collected. MAML2 gene rearrangement in all cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In 20 cases, MAML2 fusion patterns were detected by targeted RNA sequencing (RNAseq). The relationship between MAML2 gene rearrangement, fusion patterns, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis was analyzed.Results:The average age of PMEC patients was 41 years (range 15-71 years); the ratio of male to female was about 1.1 ∶ 1.0. Most PMECs were low grade in histopathology with an early clinical stage (stageⅠ-Ⅱ).The overall positive rate of MAML2 gene rearrangement detected by FISH was about 80.4% (37/46), and the rate was higher in low-grade PMEC (91.7%, 33/36). Of the 20 cases detected by RNAseq, all the 19 FISH positive cases showed gene fusion, mainly CRTC1-MAML2 fusion (16/19), the other three cases showed CRTC3-MAML2 fusion (3/19), the break point of all the fusion patterns was CRTC1/3 (exon 1)-MAML2 (exon 2); No gene fusion was detected in the single FISH negative case; Compared with the MAML2 FISH negative patients, the PMECs carrying CRTC1-MAML2 fusion were more commonly found in patients age ≤ 40 years, maximum tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm, low histopathological grade and early clinical stage (all P<0.05); The three PMECs carrying CRTC3-MAML2 fusion gene were all female with early clinical stage; Univariate analysis showed that MAML2 gene rearrangement/fusion, onset age ≤ 40 years old, smaller tumor size, low histopathological grade, early clinical stage, no metastasis at diagnosis and surgical treatment were significantly correlated with overall survival ( P<0.05), but Cox regression analysis suggested that none of the above indicators were the independent prognostic factors for the survival of PMEC. Conclusions:The high incidence of MAML2 gene rearrangement in PMEC suggests that it is an important molecular diagnostic marker of PMEC. RNAseq confirms that CRTC1/3-MAML2 is the main fusion pattern in PMEC, suggesting that MAML2 fusion transcription may be an important driving factor of PMEC. MAML2 rearrangement/fusion and related clinicopathological characteristics are associated with good prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor.Methods:Two cases of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed, and the literature was reviewed.Results:Case 1, a 3-month-old boy presented with a painless tumor of the scalp, measuring about 2 cm in diameter. Case 2, a 3-year-old girl complained with a painless tumor of the knee, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor had a clear boundary and showed multinodular growth. The tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in long intersecting fascicles associated with thin, slit-like or branching ectatic vessels, focally forming hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. The tumor cells were abundant, but there was no obvious atypia. Mitotic figures (3-4/10 HPF) were noted. H-caldesmon and SMA were positive in both cases. Case 1 showed diffuse and strong positivity for Desmin, and focally for CKpan. Ki-67 proliferation index was 20% and 30%, respectively. FISH displayed NCOA2 gene translocation in case 1 and the RELA gene translocation in case 2. NGS detected the SRF-NCOA2 gene fusion in case 1 and the SRF-RELA gene fusion in case 2. Both patients underwent local excisions. During the follow-up of 5-14 months, case 1 had no local recurrence, while case 2 developed local recurrence 1 year post operatively.Conclusions:SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor is a novel variant of perivascular cell tumor, which tends to occur in children and adolescents. The tumor forms a broad morphologic spectrum ranging from a pericytic pattern to a myoid pattern, and include hybrid tumors with a mixture of pericytic and myoid patterns. Due to its diffuse hypercellularity and increased mitotic figures and smooth muscle-like immunophenotype, the tumor is easy to be misdiagnosed as myogenic sarcomas. The tumor usually pursues a benign clinical course and rare cases may locally recur.

The estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer subtype is aggressive with few treat-ment options available. To identify specific prognostic factors for ER-negative breast cancer, this study included 705,729 and 1034 breast invasive cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiol-ogy, and End Results (SEER) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, respectively. To identify key differential kinase-substrate node and edge biomarkers between ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancer patients, we adopted a network-based method using correlation coefficients between molecular pairs in the kinase regulatory network. Integrated analysis of the clinical and molecular data revealed the significant prognostic power of kinase-substrate node and edge featuresfor both subtypes of breast cancer. Two promising kinase-substrate edge features, CSNK1A1-NFATC3 and SRC-OCLN, were identified for more accurate prognostic prediction in ER-negative breast cancer patients.