Objective To investignte the effects of ambroxol on lung injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty-six ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ children of both sexes aged≤8 yr,weighing≤25 kg undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) under CPB were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each):I control group (C);II low dose ambroxol group (2.25 mg/kg) (A,) and III moderate dose ambroxol group (4.50 mg/kg) (A2).Ambrexol was diluted with normal saline 10 ml and infused slowly after skin incision in group A1 and A2.In group C equal volume of normal saline(10 ml) was infused instead of ambroxol.Blood samples were taken from radial artery before skin incision,at 20 rain of CPB,20 rain after aortic unclamping,2 h and 6 h after temtination of CPB and 12 h after operation for determination of plasma MDA concentration and SOD activity and blood gas analysis.Respiratory index (RI) and pulmonary compliance (CL)were calculated.Results The plasma MDA concentration and RI were significantly lower while plasma SOD activity was significantly higher in group A2 than in group C and A1·CL was significantly higher in group A2 than in group C.Conclusion Ambroxol 4.50 mg/kg can attenuate lung injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB by decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Objective: To explore the effects of ligustrazine on the secretion of hydrogen sulfide in the ventricular tissues of rats under physiological condition.Methods:32 rats were divided into control group,high dose group of ligustrazine(150?g/ml),medium dose group of ligustrazine(15?g/ml) and low dose group of ligustrazine(1.5?g/ ml) at random.The left and right ventricular tissues were incubated in 37℃ thermostatic water bath for 4 hours with Krebs solution as supernatant.After incubation of the ventricular tissues,the sensitive electrode-based method was used to detect the content of H2S in the supernatant.Results: In the left ventricular tissues,there were on dif-ference of the H2S level betweenthe 1.5?g/ml ligustrazine group(0.17?0.03),15?g/ml ligustrazine group(0.17?0.03)and control group.However,compared with control group, the H2S level in hige dose group of ligustrazine decreased obviously(P0.05),but the H2S level in the 150?g/ml ligustrazine group(0.46?0.09)was significantly lower than that in the control group(0.64?0.13)(P

Objective To investigate the evolution of monkey brain isehemic penumbra(IP)area.Methods Seyen monkeys were used to make middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model by interventional methods.CT perfnsion imaging,MR diffusion weighted-imaging (DWI),perfusion weighted imaging(PWI)and T2W1 were performed at 1,5,10;15,20 and 24 h after MCAO respectively.Four regions of interest of infarct lesion were measured.Point 1 was at the infarct core.point 3 was at the infamt margin,and point 2 was at the midpoint between point 1 and 3.Point 4 demonstrated normal signal intensity adjacent to high signal intensity.Parameters measured included cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and negative enhancement integral (NEI).The relative ratios between infarct lesions and the corresponding contralateral normal brain were calculated(rCBF, rCBV, rMTY, rADC and rNEI).The IP areas were calculated by two methods: IP thresholds combined with self-made computer software, and PWI( MrlT)-DWI mismatch.ANOVA and ROC analysis were used. Results Five of 7 monkey MCAO models were made successfuUy. There were signitlcanfly difference of rCBF and rNEI within 20 h, of rCBV within 15 h, of rADC within 10 h, of rMTT at24 h (P＜0.05).ROI 1,2 and 3 values as following: rCBF: 1 h(0.160 ±0.034, 0.310 ±0.037,0.540±0.107), 5 h(0.098±0.029, 0.157 ± 0.052, 0.427 ±0.116), 10 h(0.072 ±0.023, 0.097 ±0.028, 0.209 ± 0.070), 15 h(0.054 ± 0.017, 0.069 ± 0.015, 0.166 ± 0.049), 20 h(0.038 ± 0.011,0.026± 0.007, 0.092±0.013); rNEI: 1 h(0.219 ± 0.085, 0.303 ± 0.099, 0.463 ± 0.132), 5 h (0.143±0.057, 0.195± 0.055, 0.348±0.127), 10 h(0.127 ± 0.029, 0.171 ± 0.058, 0.259 ±0.079), 15 h(0.128 ±0.024, 0.164 ±0.031, 0.217 ±0.030), 20 h(0.075±0.019, 0.147±0.058,0.129 ±0.045) ; rCBV: 1 h(0.594 ± 0.199, 0.804 ± 0.099, 1.021 ±0.169), 5 h(0.457±0.103,0.462±0.145, 0.815±0.201), 10 h(0.222 ±0.046, 0.249±0.065, 0.529 ±0.135), 15 h(0.201 ±0.047, 0.187 ±0.055, 0.361 ±0.083) ; rADC: 1 h(0.515 ±0.115, 0.667±0.097, 0.761 ±0.106),5 h(0.488 ±0.100, 0.539 ±0.107, 0.674 ±0.099), 10 h(0.456 ±0.057, 0.549 ±0.049, 0.590 ±0.081 ) ; 24 h rMTT(4.163 ± 1.179, 4.192± 1.607, 2.397±0.909).The thresholds of IP were 0.203 of rCBF, 0.483 of rCBV, 0.571 of rADC and 0.250 of rNEI respectively.The values measured using the method of IP thresholds combined with software were larger than PWI(MTr)-DWI mismatch region before 15 hours, but were smaller at 20 h and 24 h. The area of IP was 20%-38% of infarct area at 1 h,15%-35% at 5-10 h, 13%-25% at 15 h, 9%-15% at 20 h, and 3%-12% at 24 h.Conclusion The time window of IP in monkey MCAO model was 15%-20 hours.At the early phase of infarction, IP was present within the region of high signal intensity on DWI.PWI-DWI mismatch method could not estimate IP areas accurately.Areas evaluated with CT perfusion (MrIT) and DWI mismatch were much closer to the actual IP areas.

Objective To investigate the levels of 14 kinds of food allergic specific IgG antibody in eczema and chronic urticaria patients'serum and the role of food allergens in allergic skin diseases and provide scientific basis for clinical treatment and prophylaxis. Methods We used ELISA method to detect the concentration of 14 kinds of food allergic specific IgG antibody in the serum of 900 eczema and chronic urticaria patients and 18 healthy people. Results The food allergen of positive rate in studied group and control group was 90.2% and 11.1%. The positive rate of 14 kinds of food allergic specific IgG antibody in 900 eczema and chronic urticaria patients' serum from high to low was eggs, wheat, shrimp, milk, soja,crab, rice, corn, tomato, chicken, mushroom, beef, pork and ling. The food allergen positive rate in eczema and chronic urticaria patients'serum was 91.9% and 88. 9% ( P >0. 05). The positive rate of shrimp,mushroom and ling in eczema patients'serum was higher than that in chronic urticaria patients'serum ( P <0. 05 ). The positive rate in children's group was 96. 6%, which was higher than other age groups ( P >0. 05 ). The main allergens were egg, wheat and milk in children's group. The sensitization of crab and shrimp increased as people grew up. In 812 positive patients, who were intolerant of three and more than three foods accounted for 53.7%. In 175 follow-up patients, the effective rate was 50.9% in 20 days and 61.1% in 60 days after they avoided the intolerant food. The patients'diet was adjusted according to the test results.In 325 follow-up patients, the effective rate in eczema group was 59.9% in 20 days and 70. 4% in 60 days ( P <0. 05). Thee effective rate in chronic urticaria group was 65.6% in 20 days and 77. 3% in 60 days ( P <0.05 ). Conclusion The intolerant food can be found by detecting serum food allergen specific IgG.It can be used to adjust the diet and relieve the symptom, which is of great importance for preventing and treating allergic skin diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of the survivin gene and CpC methylation in exon 1 of the survivin gene in CA tissue, and to study the expression of survivin protein in CA tissue and its modulation mechanism. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from the CA lesions of 30 patients, normal cervix of 10 female controls, and normal foreskin of 10 male controls. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of survivin protein in these specimens, RT-PCR to measure the mRNA expression of survivin, and methylation specific PCR (MSP) to analyze the methylation status of CpG island in the survivin gene exon 1. Results The positivity rate of survivin protein and mRNA was 90% (27/30) and 93.3% (28/30) in CA tissue specimens, respectively, 5% (1/20) and 5% (1/20) in control tissue specimens, respectively; there was a significant difference between the two groups of specimens in both the parameters (x2 = 35.187, 38.437, both P < 0.01). The demethylation of CpG island in the survivin gene exon 1 was observed in 86.7% (26/30) of the CA tissue specimens and in 15% (3/20) of the control tissue specimens (x2 = 10.865, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the demethylation status of CpG island in exon 1 and the mRNA expression of survivin gene (x2 = 13.929, P = 0.014). Conclusions The expression of survivin protein in CA tissues might be associated with the demethylation of CpG island in exon 1 of the survivin gene, and may play a certain role in the development of CA.

Adult-onset Still′s disease (AOSD) is a type of systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, with diverse clinical manifestations, and there are some difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, it has been found that some new markers, such as heme oxygenase 1, calreticulin, inflammatory cytokines and advanced glycation end products, can be used for a comprehensive assessment of the activity and severity of AOSD. Moreover, new biological agents, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors and recombinant IL-18 binding proteins, bring new hope for the treatment of AOSD. This review mainly summarizes progress in the diagnosis and treatment of AOSD.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects young and middle-aged women. It can involve multiple organ systems, with complex and diverse clinical manifestations. The research on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of SLE has always been a hot spot in this field. In 2019, a lot of new progress was made in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment of SLE in China and other countries, and this review summarizes main representative advances.

Objective To investigate the clinical values of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in liver cancer and its impacts on serumal VEGF and MMP-2. Method From Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2013, a series of patients with primary liver cancer were studied, patients were randomly signed into LAFA group or control group. During the study period, LRFA group were treated with laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation combined with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy while patients in control group were treated with PIAF chemotherapy only. The primary outcomes were the Health related quality of life score (HRQL), the degree of solid tumors classification, progression-free survival duration and 2-year mortality. The secondly primary outcomes included the level of serumal VEGF and MMP-2. Result When compared with the control group, patients in LRFA group got a significantly lower rate of disease progression (28.33 % vs 50.00 %, P = 0.015); a longer progression-free survival duration (500 vs 380 d, P = 0.013); a higher HRQL (80.33 ± 5.84 vs 65.87 ± 9.59, P = 0.000); a significantly lower level of VEGF at 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 6 months after the clinical intervention were started (all P values were 0.000); a significantly lower level of MMP-2 at 14 days, 28 days and 6 months after the clinical intervention were started (the P values were 0.003, 0.001 and 0.000). Conclusion Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation improved the long-term clinical outcomes and decreased the serumal level of VEGF and MMP-2.

AIM: To observe anti inflammatory, anti bacterial and immune regulation effects of shuyanling soft capsule. METHODS: The dimethylbenzene induced the degree of ear swelling in mice and turpentine induced proliferation in rats were used to observe the anti inflammation effects of shuyanling soft capsule. The anti bacterial effects were observed both in vitro and in vivo. The immune regulation effects were studied by the splenocyte proliferation response, the activity of antibody producing cells and the phagocytosis of leukocyte in mice. RESULTS: Shuyanling soft capsule inhibited dimethylbenzene induced the degree of ear swelling in mice and turpentine induced proliferation in rats, protected the mice from the infections of staphylcoccus aureus and salmonella typhi, and repressed sixteen kinds of bacterium in vitro. Furthermore, the capsule remarkably enhanced the phagocytosis of neutropil and increased the activity of spleen antibody producing cells and the transformation of the T and B cell in spleen in mice. CONCLUSION: Shuyanling soft capsule has anti inflammatory, anti bacterial and immune regulation effects.

Objective To investigate three-dimensional localization for sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer,and by which we can remove the SLNs directly.Methods The ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes of 40 patients were inspected by B-ultrasound and axillary artery and subscapular artery bifurcation point and its trend with Doppler B-ultrasound in the preoperation,then located them in the surface.We found SLNs using methylene blue as the mapping agent with endoscope during the operation,determined which lymphatic group the sentinel lymph node belonged and the spatial location and the surface projection according to the anatomical location.Results We found the three-dimensional location of SLNs in the group of 39 in 40 patients with endoscope,of which 34 cases located in central group,accounting for 87.18％ ;while 4 cases located in the subscapular group,accounting for 10.26％,and their spatial location was as follows:set the root of subscapular artery in this location as a starting point,the subscapular artery as a diameter,and made a diameter of 5cm circle to the bottom,then let the latissimus dorsi as the end,and made a quasi-cylinder through the circle to the axillary central.The height of the quasi-cylinder got up to the surface of the intercostal brachial nerve.Then set the nerve as the diameter of circle of quasi-cylinder,and the centre of circle was crosspoint of subscapnlar artery's surface projection with intercostal brachial nerve.The height of quasi-cylinder varies with somatotypes of the patients,its height was less than or equal to 5cm.What's more,the fiften enlarged lymph nodes located by B-ultrasound in the preoperation were all in the quasi-cylinder,and they were SLNs.Conclusion SLN lies in quasi-cylinder consisting of spatial location of subscapular group and central group lymph nodes.If the enlarged lymph nodes found by B-ultrasound are in above mentioned quasi-cylinder,they can be considered as the SLNs.Make a 5cm-incision parallelling the intercostal brachial nerve and intersecting the surface projection of subscapular artery in the surface of quasi-cylinder,then dissect toward the origin of the subscapular artery,you can find SLNs.