To assess the effects of low dose aprotinin on platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB), 45 Patients, aged 20 to 45 years, ASA grade Ⅱ to Ⅲ,undcrgoing elective operation of cardiac valve replacement under fentanyl-enflurane-atracurium anesthesia, were randomly allocated to receiving aprotinin 2 ?106 KIU (group I,n=23 ) or equivalent volume of normal saline as control (group Ⅱ,n= 22) res12ectively,at the same time as CPB began to work. The blood samples were collected after induction of anes- thesia. 5 mins prior to CPB. 5, 15, 30 and 60 mins following CPB,and immedialely before withdrawal of CPB.to measure such 1parameters of platelet as level of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ (CFCa2+),activities of phosphollpase A2 (PLA2) and cyclouoxygenase (PCO) in membrane,aggregation rate (AGR),adhesion rate (ADR ) and count Individually. The lotal blood volume of postoperative tho- racic drainage solution (TBV ) and the re(]uircd blood volume of transfusioll (RBVT) were recorded. The results ahoys(l that dur lug CP14,the levels of CFCa2+ and activitics of PLA2 and PCO increased significantly,and the AGR,ADR and count of plstclet decreased markedly in both groups (P

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma( DIPG)is a highly invasive tumor located in the pons (middle)of the brain stem. They are usually diagnosed during childhood and account for 10% -15% of primary brain tumors in children. DIPG has a very poor prognosis. Fewer than 10% of DIPG patients survive more than 2 years after diagnosis. The imaging manifestations of DIPG are typical,and biopsy is only performed in atypi-cal cases. The tissue specimens of newly diagnosed DIPG are very few and limit its molecular biological research. Recent advances in surgical and molecular-analytic techniques have increased the safety of biopsy which has already been used in many clinical trials step by step. The research of DIPG′s molecular pathogenesis and treatment is sure to achieve new breakthroughs.

Objective:To investigate the biofilm-forming abilities of pathogens associated with contact lens related microbial keratitis and to compare the efficacies of different treatments in eliminating biofilms in contact lens cases (CLCs).Methods:Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans biolm formation in polypropylene CLCs was examined by using a static biofilm formation model, which was incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 hours.According to the CLC treatment methods, the experimental groups were divided into a control group, a room temperature air-drying group, a contact lens care solution soaking group, a heat-drying group and a soaking-heating group.A pathogen colony counting-based serial dilution micro-counting method was applied to evaluate the biofilm elimination efficacies and pathogen killing rates of treatments.Results:All four tested strains formed biofilms on the inner walls of the CLC, and the biomasses of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli and C. albicans biofilm were (10.78±2.12), (9.19±0.57), (8.03±0.30), and (7.50±0.07)lg CFU/ml, respectively.The S. aureus biofilm biomass was significantly higher than those of the other strains (P<0.05). The biofilm biomasses of all the tested strains in the heat-drying and the soaking-heating groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (all at P<0.05); and the biofilm biomasses of S. aureus and E. coli in the soaking group were significantly lower than that in the control group (all at P<0.05). The heat-drying treatment resulted in a killing rate of (51.76±16.75)% for S. aureus, (68.63±4.43)% for P. aeruginosa, (83.51±13.97)% for E. coli, and (97.13±5.19)% for C. albicans, respectively (F=31.806, P<0.001). Significant differences were observed between the killing rates for each bacterium (all at P<0.05). The E. coli and C. albicans killing rates of the soak-heating treatment were (100.00±0.00) % and (97.79±7.67)%, respectively, and were significantly higher than (81.13±14.86)% of S. aureus and (74.22±11.91)% of P. aeruginosa (all at P<0.05).Conclusions:Heating alone or combined with the use of contact lens care solution treatment can improve the pathogen killing rates and effectively eliminate the bacterial and fungal contaminations in CLCs.