Objective To investigate the clinical significance of measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) for guiding an accurate nutritional support in elderly bedridden patients with nasal feeding.Methods The REE of 32 elderly bedridden patients with nasal feeding was assessed by using the Cosmed K4b2 portable telemetric gas analysis system.The waist-hip ratio, serum levels of albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were determined to assess comprehensive nutrition status.The energy intakes were calculated, and the correlation of REE and the difference between the energy intakes and consumption with nutritional index were analyzed.Results The resting energy expendture was lower in the patients with waist-hip ratio≥0.95 than in patients with waist-hip ratio ＜0.95 (t=3.622, P＜0.01).The waist-hip ratio was reduced and serum albumin and transferrin levels were decreased along with the increase of REE in elderly patients (r=-0.55,-0.36 and-0.593, respectively, P=0.001, 0.043, ＜0.001).The difference between the energy intake and expenditure was higher in patients with waist-hip ratio≥0.95 than those with waist-hip ratio＜0.95 (t =5.643, P＜ 0.001).Serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were increased along with the increase of the difference between the energy intake and expenditure, which showed the positive correlations (r=0.525, 0.409, 0.624, 0.414, respectively,P=0.002, 0.02, ＜0.001, 0.019).Conclusions Precise determination of REE and energy intake guided by REE are the important guarantees for the reasonable nutrition support in the elderly.

Objective:To explore the impact of negation effect on color judgment of the color-word pairs and the impairment of cognitive inhibition function of the patients with schizophrenia (SCH) through embedding negation into the Stroop task.Methods:From January to December 2021, " Affirmative/ negative + color words" as the experimental materials, classical Stroop paradigm as the experimental paradigm, a mixed experimental design of 2 (groups: the SCH group vs the normal control group)×2(phrase polarity: affirmative phrases vs negative phrases)×2 (word-color congruence: consistency vs inconsistency) was designed to explore the inhibition function of negative phrases of the SCHs under bipolar negation conditions (Experiment 1) and multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2) respectively. The schizophrenic patients in Experiment 1(28 patients and 28 normal controls) and Experiment 2(30 patients and 30 normal controls) were sampled from the inpatients of Tangshan Kailuan Mental Health Center and Suzhou Guangji Hospital respectively, and the healthy controls were recruited from the community. SPSS 25.0 software was adopted as statistical analysis, and accuracy, response time of Stroop and the Stroop effect were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results:(1) The group main effects of response time were both significant in bipolar negation conditions(Experiment 1) ( F=49.22, P<0.001, ηp2=0.48) and multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2) ( F=37.58, P<0.001, ηp2=0.39). In bipolar negation (Experiment 1) conditions, as for the Stroop effect of response time, there was a significant interaction between the groups and polarities( F=4.42, P<0.05, ηp2=0.08), and there was a statistically significant difference between the affirmative Stroop effect (-0.137±0.522)and the negative Stroop effect(0.082±0.169) in the schizophrenia group( F=7.15, P<0.05, ηp2=0.12). In multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2), there was a marginal significant of the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities in accuracy( F=3.81, P=0.056, ηp2=0.06). The accuracy under the word color consistency condition was higher than that under inconsistency condition((96.51±1.55)%, (90.00±2.54)%) ( F=5.15, P<0.05, ηp2=0.08). (3)In bipolar negation (Experiment 1) conditions, as for the accuracy, the interaction among groups, word color consistencies, and polarities was significant( F=6.66, P<0.05, ηp2=0.11). The interaction between word color consistencies and polarities was significant in the schizophrenia group( F=9.16, P<0.05, ηp2=0.15). In the normal group, the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities was not significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:The impairment of cognitive inhibition function in schizophrenia is severe, which is reflected in negative processing; negation functions as cognitive inhibition, which is particularly prominent in bipolar negation.

Objective:To explore the effect sense of security and self-control on parent-child cohesion and externalizing problem behaviors in primary and middle school students.Methods:A total of 1 402 primary and middle school students were investigated with the problem behavior frequency scale(PBFS), family adaptability and cohesion scale(FACES-CV), security questionnaire(SQ) and brief self-control scale(BSCS). SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS v2.16 were used for statistical analysis, and common method deviation test, Pearson correlation analysis and intermediary effect analysis were used in the analysis.Results:Parent-child cohesion of primary and middle school students was positively correlated with security and self-control ( r=0.279, 0.303, both P<0.01), which was negatively correlated with externalizing problem behaviors ( r=-0.154, P<0.01). Security was positively correlated with self-control ( r=0.567, P<0.01). Security, self-control and externalizing problem behaviors were negatively correlated ( r=-0.147, -0.250, both P<0.01). The security and self-control of primary and middle school students played a partial mediating role between parent-child cohesion and externalizing problem behaviors.The mediating effect consisted of two paths: one was parent-child cohesion-self-control-externalizing problem behaviors, the other was parent-child cohesion-security-self-control-externalizing problem behaviors. The effect values of these two paths accounted for 20.52% and 20.26% of the total effect respectively. Conclusion:Parent-child cohesion not only directly affects the externalizing problem behaviors of primary and middle school students, but also indirectly affects the externalizing problem behavior through the independent mediating effect of self-control and the chain mediation of security-self-control.

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing sarcopenia in older patients with chronic diseases, both in community settings and hospitals, and to develop a risk prediction model for sarcopenia.Methods:We recruited a total of 403 older adults with chronic diseases, consisting of 251 individuals from a community in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and 152 hospitalized patients from the Department of Geriatrics at Jiangsu Province Hospital.Assessments were conducted using a general information questionnaire, serum sample collection, the mini nutritional assessment-short form(MNA-SF), the mini-mental state examination(MMSE), and the geriatric depression scale(GDS).Binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors and to construct a risk prediction model for sarcopenia, which was illustrated using a nomogram.The model's discrimination was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC).Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults with chronic conditions was found to be 4.0%(10/251).In contrast, the prevalence in hospitalized older adults with chronic conditions was significantly higher at 36.2%(55/152).Binary Logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors for sarcopenia, including hospitalization( OR=14.391、95% CI: 6.284-32.955、 P<0.001), male gender( OR=3.321、95% CI: 1.587-6.950、 P=0.001), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels( OR=2.542、95% CI: 1.160-5.572、 P=0.020), cognitive impairment( OR=2.654、95% CI: 1.269-5.550、 P=0.010), and the use of four or more types of medication( OR=2.328、95% CI: 1.952-5.689、 P=0.044).Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was developed as a predictive model for assessing sarcopenia risk.The AUC for this prediction model was 0.860(95% CI: 0.815-0.912), indicating a sensitivity of 0.831 and a specificity of 0.760. Conclusions:The incidence of sarcopenia is notably high among older patients with chronic diseases.A risk prediction model that incorporates factors such as hospitalization history, gender, LDL-C levels, cognitive function, and types of medication demonstrates significant potential for predicting sarcopenia.This model serves as a valuable foundation for the early screening and intervention of sarcopenia.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the common causes for chronic liver diseases, which progress gradually from nonalcoholic type simple fatty liver disease to hepatitis, cirrhosis and even liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sarcopenia is a progressive disease characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass and function in association to metabolic dysfunctions. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence and development of NAFLD and sarcopenia are related, and there is a common base for the pathogenesis between the two, which may promote each other for mutual risk factors. This article reviews the current research progress of this field in order to clinically further understand the pathogenesis and intrinsic links between the two to look for appropriate interventions.