Objective To explore the optimal time and sequence for getting the best magnetic resonance (MR) imaging when MR image of synovium macrophages was used for the diagnosis of collageninduced arthritis (CIA) in a rat model,and whether it can be used to monitor the efficacy of drug treatment.Methods CIA was induced by subcutaneous injection of chicken type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).Arthritis rats were randomly divided into the model group,the leflunomide group and the control group.Knees of the model group rats were imaged before and 24 h,48 h,72 h after USPIO intravenous administration (300 μmol Fe/kg) on day 28,29,30,31,respectively.From day 28,the leflunomide group was given a gauge of drug at a dose of 8 mg/kg.Then they were imaged before and 24 hours after USPIO administration on day 42,43 respectively.MR sequences included SE T1WI,SE T2WI,GRE T2 * WI.After the completion of MR imaging,rats were sacrificed to obtain histopathologic samples of synovial membrane.LSD-t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.Results No distinct signal enhancements were observed on the 24 h,48 h,72 h post-contrast enhancement on T1WI.On T2WI,signal intensity ratio of synovium (SNR) pre-contrast and 24 h,48 h post-contrast were 24.13±1.96,17.09± 1.23,19.14±0.91,respectively.On T2 * WI,SNR pre-contrast and 24 h,48 h post-contrast were 22.28±0.92,11.40±0.53,17.18±0.63,respectively.Distinct signal changes were observed on 24 h,48 h post-contrast on T2WI and T2 * WI (P＜0.05).The changes between SNR at 24 h,48 h,72 h post-contrast and pre-contrast were-29.09±2.42,-20.83±2.90,-6.2±2.9 respectively on T2WI,which were-48.4±1.3,-22.9±0.8,-8.2±1.6 respectively on T2 * WI.Changes were more obvious at 24 h post-contrast than 48 h post-contrast on both T2WI and T2 * WI (P＜0.05).The quantitative analyses were coinci-dent with the visual differences in signal changes between pre-contrast and post-contrast images.Difference between △SNR of leflunomide group and the control group on T1WI was not significant,while that on T2WI and T2 * WI were significantly different (P＜ 0.01).Histological examination confirmed the uptake of iron in the macrophages of arthritic knees.Signal intensity changed more on GRE T2 * WI than SE T2WI in all arthritis rats.Conclusion GRE T2 * WI is more sensitive for the diagnose of rat CIA,and 24 h post-contrast is better than 48 h and 72h post-contrast to get better images.We successfully observed the effects of leflunomide through signal changes of synovium,and the technique maybe contribute to diagnosis and therapeutic monito-ring of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To investigate the impact of hyponatremia on the short-term prognosis in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods The present study included 324 patients with acute STEMI treated with PCI within 12 hours after admission from March 2014 to May 2016.Patients were divided into three groups according to plasma sodium levels (Na+) at admission:group A with Na+ ＜ 130 mmoL/L,group B with Na + 130-134 mmol/L and group C with Na + ≥ 135 mmol/L (normal plasma sodium level).Clinical data and biochemical variables were compared among the three groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between plasma sodium levels and short-term prognosis.Results There were significant differences in age,fasting glucose,NT-proBNP,LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).The mortality in group A was obviously higher than that in Group B (20.0％ vs.6.3％,P ＜ 0.05) and in group C (20.0％ vs.6.0％,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,there were significant differences in rates of cardiogenic shock and acute renal failure among three groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that old age,low LVEF and hyponatremia were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,patients in group A had significantly high risks of death (OR =3.058,95％ CI:1.339-4.358,P =0.003),suggesting that the high risk of 30-day mortality associated with the severity of hyponatremia.Conclusions At admission,the hyponatremia in patients with acute STEMI treated with PCI is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality,and prognosis worsens with the severity of hyponatremia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of developmental exposure to DEHP on learning and memory of mice. Methods: Male littermates of ICR mice randomly assigned to five experimental groups (n=14 for each condition) on PND4 to receive distilled water, vehicle and 10, 50 and 200 mg/ (kg·d) DEHP from PND5 to PND38 by gavage, weighing and recording body weight of mice. Open field task were conducted on PND 26 and Morris water maze task were begun from PND30 to PND 37 to evaluate spontaneous exploration activity and emotion, spatial learning and memory performance of pubertal mice, respectively. On PND39, all animals were killed and hippocampi were isolated on ice, then total proteins of hippocampus were extracted, followed by determining the expression of PSD95 and synapsin I by western blotting. Results: 200 mg/ (kg·d) DEHP significantly reduced the growth of body weight of mice and the time staying in the central area in open field, prolonged the time searching the hidden platform in Morris water maze (P<0.05) . 50 mg/ (kg·d) DEHP didn’t change the growth of body weight and the emotion (P>0.05) , but reduced the percent of time and distance in the target quadrant during the probe trial of mice in Morris water maze (P<0.05) . The results of western blotting showed that DEHP significantly reduced the expression of PSD95 in hippocampus of mice with all dose groups (P<0.01) , but only 200 mg/ (kg·d) DEHP reduced the expression of synapsin I (P<0.05) . Conclusion Developmental exposure to DEHP can damage the development of synapse in hippocampus, adversely impacting spatial memory performance of mice at a dose that are insufficient to significantly influence the general development and result in anxiety.

Objective: The present study was represented by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), to explore the role of thyroid hormones (THs) disruption in the connection of placenta and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Methods: During fetal mice neural tube closed (pregnancy 9.5 days, E9.5d) to begin synthesis of THs (E15.5 d), all pregnant mice were administered with different concentration of DEHP (0、10、50、200 mg/kg) by gavage once a day(10 mice per group). All pregnant mice were conducted with BrdU administration in E14d by subcutaneous injection. Seven pregnant mice from each group were scarified after anesthesia in E15.5 d, serum and amniotic fluid were collected to determinate the levels of THs(T₃, T₄, FT₃ and FT₄) by the automatic biochemical analyzer, detecting fetal mice placental protein expression of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1) and deiodinaseⅡ&Ⅲ (DIO₂, DIO₃) by Western blot. Each group of the remaining three pregnant mices were killed after anesthesia in E18d, take the male fetal brain, BrdU immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proliferation and migration of fetal brain cortical neurons. Results: There was no abnormalities in diet, water intake, body weight and general activity of pregnant mice in each treatment group, and there were no difference in the general physiolo. Results There was no abnormalities in diet, water intake, body weight and general activity of pregnant mice in each treatment group, and there were no difference in the general physiological development status of body weight, brain weight, brain body ratio between the mice of each group. There was no statistically significant differences in serum T₃, T₄, FT₃, FT₄ and amniotic fluid FT₄ in pregnant mice of each group (P>0.05), Compared with the control group, the FT₃ levels in the amniotic fluid of the DEHP 50 and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the placental MCT8 and DIO₂ protein levels of male fetal mice in the DEHP 50 and 200 mg/kg group decreased, and the level of OATP1C1 protein in 200 mg/kg group decreased(P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in DIO₃ protein levels among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of BrdU positive cells in the cerebral cortex of male mice in DEHP 200 mg/kg group decreased, 56.5% was distributed in VZ-SVZ layer, and the percentage of BrdU positive cells in the IZ layer of 50 mg/kg group increased (P<0.05). Conclusion DEHP 50, 200 mg/kg may affect the proliferation and migration of neural cells in the developing brain, which may be related to its interference with thyroid hormone by placental transport.

Objective To comparatively analyze the image characteristic of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT),and explore the diagnostic value of the two methods in benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.Methods comparative analysis the image characteristic of CEUS and CECT,the preoperative diagnostic results of 86 cases of gallbladder diseases were confirmed by pathology.Results The enhancement patterns of CEUS and CECT in benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder are similar.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CEUS were 77.9%(53/68),77.8%(14/18),77.9%(67/86),respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CECT were 75%(51/68),55.6%(10/18),70.9%(61/86),respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the combination of CEUS and CECT were 83.8%(57/68),55.6%(10/18),77.9%(67/86),respectively.The accuracy of the combination of CEUS and CECT was higher than that of CECT in the diagnosis of malignant gallbladder lesions [(53.9±10.00)s vs(35.50±6.72)s],the differences were statistically significant(t=6.729,P＜0.001).Conclusions The enhancement patterns of CEUS and CECT in benign and malignant gallbladder lesions are similar.The combination of CEUS and CECT is helpful for improving the diagnostic accuracy of malignant gallbladder lesions.CEUS and CECT could corroborate and complement each other,and provide more valuable information for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant gallbladder lesions.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between depression risk and the test time for dual-task timed up-and-go(TUG)test in the elderly.Methods:A total of 193 elderly volunteers aged 60 years and over who lived in the Nanjing community of Jiangsu Province were recruited.The Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)was used to screen for geriatric depression.The single-task TUG(TUG-single), TUG with additional operational tasks(TUG-manual)and TUG with additional cognitive tasks(TUG-cognitive)were tested in all subjects.The differences in test times taken to complete TUG-single, TUG-manual and TUG-cognitive tests were analyzed by ANOVA.The correlation of GDS scores with test time for TUG-single, TUG-manual, TUG-cognitive was analyzed by using Pearson's correlation.Results:The average test times for TUG-cognitive and TUG-manual tests were longer than that for TUG-single test( P<0.0001). The higher the GDS score, the longer the TUG-single test time, with a significantly positive correlation between GDS and the test time for TUG-single( r=0.2261, P=0.0016). Similarly, GDS score showed significantly positive correlations with the test time for TUG-manual( r=0.2359, P=0.0010)and the TUG-cognitive test time( r=0.1946, P=0.0067). Conclusions:The increase of depression risk is significantly and positively correlated with the prolongation of the TUG test time in the elderly.The TUG test can be used to assess the functional mobility in elderly patients with depression.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood relative mitochondrial DNA copy number(mtDNAcn)with intrinsic capacity and body composition, and to identify potential biomarkers for healthy aging.Methods:Clinical data of 416 patients admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to June 2021 were consecutively collected.MtDNA was extracted from peripheral blood of these subjects, and mtDNAcn was determined by a real-time fluoresence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). Intrinsic capacity assessment included 5 aspects that were exercise[Morse Fall Scale(MFS), Physiological Frailty Phenotype(PFP), Sarcopenia Questionnaire(SARC-CALF), Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), Time Up and Go Test(TUG)]; vitality[Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA), Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)]; cognition[Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scale]; psychology[Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)]; sensory capacities[Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-the Comorbidity Index(CIRS-CI)]. To assess body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body fat, including trunk fat, total body fat, fat in the abdominal region, fat in the buttock region, and then to calculate fat index(FMI)and limb skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI).Results:Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn had a negatively correlation with age( r=-0.176, P<0.05). After adjustment for gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn were still negatively correlated with age( r=-0.144, P<0.05). Furthermore, mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with 4 m gait speed, the scores of SARC-CalF, MFS, MNA, MMSE, MPI and its sub-scale's Activities of Daily Living(ADL)and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire(SPMSQ)( r=0.171, -0.207, -0.163, 0.221, 0.184, -0.210, 0.241, -0.269, all P<0.05). After adjustment for age, gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn still had a significant correlation with gait speed, the scores of MFS, MNA, MPI and SPMSQ( r=0.170, -0.170, 0.148, -0.242, -0.188, all P<0.05). In addition, the Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn was positively correlated with FMI, trunk fat, total body fat, abdominal fat and fat in the buttock region( r=0.168, 0.143, 0.175, 0.116, 0.199, all P<0.05). However, after adjustment for age and gender, mtDNAcn was only correlated with FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region( r=0.126, 0.131, 0.127, all P<0.05). On the other hand, multiple linear regression analysis showed that mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with age, gait speed, FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region, the scores of MFS, PFP, MNA and MPI( β=-0.191, 0.156, 0.126, 0.131, 0.125, -0.119, -0.145, 0.151, -0.171, all P<0.05). Conclusions:MtDNAcn is correlated with physical function, frailty, nutrition, falling, cognition and body composition, and may be considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of the locomotion and vitality of human intrinsic capacity.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the common causes for chronic liver diseases, which progress gradually from nonalcoholic type simple fatty liver disease to hepatitis, cirrhosis and even liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sarcopenia is a progressive disease characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass and function in association to metabolic dysfunctions. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence and development of NAFLD and sarcopenia are related, and there is a common base for the pathogenesis between the two, which may promote each other for mutual risk factors. This article reviews the current research progress of this field in order to clinically further understand the pathogenesis and intrinsic links between the two to look for appropriate interventions.

Glioma is the most common lethal tumor of the human brain. The median survival of patients with primary World Health Organization grade IV glioma is only 14.6 months. The World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system categorized gliomas into lower-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. Unlike primary glioblastoma that usually develop de novo in the elderly, secondary glioblastoma enriched with an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant typically progresses from lower-grade glioma within 5-10 years from the time of diagnosis. Based on various evolutional trajectories brought on by clonal and subclonal alterations, the evolution patterns of glioma vary according to different theories. Some important features distinguish the normal brain from other tissues, e.g., the composition of the microenvironment around the tumor cells, the presence of the blood-brain barrier, and others. The underlying mechanism of glioma recurrence and evolution patterns of glioma are different from those of other types of cancer. Several studies correlated tumor recurrence with tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment. However, the detailed reasons for the progression and recurrence of glioma remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the different mechanisms involved in glioma progression, including tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, and their pre-clinical implements in clinical trials. This review aimed to provide new insights into further clinical strategies for the treatment of patients with recurrent and secondary glioma.
Aged ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics* ; Drug Resistance ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma/genetics* ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment