Objective To investigate the effect of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine on the rate of local control and anal sphincter preservation of rectal cancer.Methods Eighty patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ colorectal adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into control group and observation group,each group in 40cases.The patients in the observation group were treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine.The control group was treated with oxaliplatin combined with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil.The patients were followed up for 2~4 weeks.The local curative effect, perioperative biochemical index,R0 (excision margin without cancer cell) resection rate and sphincter preserving rate were compared between the two groups.Results In the control group, the short-term curative effect was 47.50%, which in the observation group was 60.00%, the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.22,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the biochemical indicators between the two groups (all P>0.05).The R0 resection rates of the control group and the observation group were 62.50%,57.50% (x2=0.67,P>0.05).The anal sphincter preservation rates of the control group and observation group were 32.50%,37.50% respectively (x2=0.67,P>0.05).The local control rates of the control group and observation group were 90.00%,92.50%,which of the observation group was higher than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.32,P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabine can improve the local curative effect in patients with rectal cancer without affecting the biochemical indicators of perioperative patients, but the effect of R0 resection rate and preserving anus rate in patients with rectal cancer compared with the chemotherapy regimen of FOLFOX4 has no significant difference, it is worthy of clinical promotion.