Through studying Marxism philosophy,medical graduate students can master scientific methodology and dialectic thought.This is helpful to analyze and comprehend rightly different kind of complicated issues and to improve cognition level and practice ability.It is also very important for medical graduate students to guide political education and moral cultivation,medical practice and science research.

Bile dut injury (BDI) is one of the severe complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).The classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC are partly controversial.The most efficient classification of the BDI is Strasberg-Bismuth's classification and the three modes and four classes developed by the Biliary Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association.Although the success rate of intraoperative diagnosis for the BDI is very low,in most cases,the BDI is diagnosed by clinical manifestations and assistant examinations.Accurate classification and early diagnosis could help us to make a specific one for each patient according to certain situation.In this review,we focus on the classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC.

Colorectal cancer remains a major threat to people’s health around the world. Researchers have paid more and more attention to colorectal cancer epigenetics. From two main aspects of colorectal cancer epigenetics: DNA methylation and histone modiifcation, this article analyzes the similarities and differences between patients with colorectal cancer in Eastern and Western countries. This review brielfy introduces epigenetic modiifcation of genes that were used to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Although there are some common features of colorectal cancer in the world, analysis has showed that some obvious epigenetic differences do exist in different races. For example, it had been conifrmed in the studies that there are differences in speciifc gene methylation, histone modiifcation sites and the degree of methylation and acetylation among countries, which provide the basis for speciifc diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer in different ethnic groups. With improved research methods and increased sample size, more and more special molecular targets of colorectal cancer tissues will be found, and then personalized therapy for colorectal cancer can be achieved.

Hedgehog( Hh)signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates,its excessive activation is associated with abnormal cell differentiation, over proliferation, apoptosis resistance and promotion of invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Hh signaling pathway involves in the formation and maintenance of esophageal columnar epithelium in embryonic stage,however,undetectable or barely expressed in matured esophageal squamous epithelium. Studies have shown that esophageal Hh signaling pathway can be activated by gastric acid and bile salts. Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway can cause the gradual transition of squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium and intestinal-type epithelium,ultimately induces the occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus( BE). Therefore,targeted inhibiting the Hh signaling pathway may be a new strategy for the treatment of BE. This article reviewed the advances in study on Hh signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of BE.

Objective To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the neural injury caused by spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion in rabbit.Methods Twenty-two male New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by 20min by infra-renal aortic occlusion. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Group C received no pharmacologic intervention. Group P and T received 30 mg?kg -1 TMP infused iv at a constant rate over 30min before aortic crossclamping(prevention) and after reperfusion(therapeutic) respectively. Neurologic deficit was assessed at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h after reperfusion using neurologic dificit score(NDS 4 = normal, 0 = paraplegia) . The animals were sacrificed at 48h after reperfusion and spinal cords (L 5-7) were removed immediately for histopathologic study.Results All animals survived the experiment. The NDSs at each observation interval were significantly higher in group P and T than those in group C (P

Objective To improve the biocompatibility of the metallic stent used for interventional treatment. Methods Inner coatings, outer coatings and micro-porous coatings were made using the solution-injection method, and salt crystallite with demanded size was added in order to develop micro-porous coatings. Results The optical concentrations of polyurethane solution and of salt crystallite (for micro-porous coatings) were obtained, and the corresponding processes were developed. Conclusion The poly-coated stent retains its elasticity, and it become very convenient to develop stents carrying drugs. Its effects on animals ard under test.

Objective To assess the clinical feasibility and safety of coronary artery angiography(CAG) and intervention through transradial approach. Methods 134 patients received coronary artery angiography and interventions through transradial approach were selected. The complications such as hematoma, thrombus were observed. Results Transradial puncture succeed in 126 cases, the successful rate of transradial coronary intervention was 94.0%.The complication occurred in 12 patients (8.9%). Conclusion This investigation demonstrated the safety and feasibility of transradial approach for coronary angiography with less procedure complications and pain for patient.

Selective courses are different from compulsory courses in teaching objective,students' study demand,teaching content.Different teaching designs should be used according to different teaching objectives in selective courses for graduates.Targeted scientific thoughts and methodological training should be designed with respect to the fact that students will begin their experimental studies after the selective lessons.We analyzed the current status of selective course of neuroanatomy for graduates and proposed some solutions.

Marginal liver donor,a way to expand the liver pool,has been maximized in the unique position due to the shortage of donors.But the definition of marginal donor liver varies from center to center and the standard is very complex.With the enhancement of organ perfusion solution,preservation methods and surgical techniques,the edge donor criteria are also gradually expanding.What decision should we make,facing such clinical controversies.This paper makes a review on the marginal liver donor in the donation after citizen deceased,so as to improve its clinical application.

0.05), and there was no significant difference in instable contraction occurring at filling period. As compared with those before stimulation, the cervicitis model group had increased basic pressure and per-micturition pressure and significantly decreased micturition pressure, vesical volume and vesical compliance lowered (P0.05), but the changes were significant after stimulation (P