The ideal treatment of osteonosus and bone tumor is individualized treatment with individualized implants on the basis of patient's geometrical anatomic condition.Traditional metal implants are lack of individual matching.The new individualized metal implant is based on reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technique,and has solved the problems of long period manufactural procedure in the traditional technique.New type of material is applied for rapid prototyping directly.It would be the developing tendency in orthopedic application.

Objective To compare the levels of murine basophils distribution in different organs and analyze the characteristics of CD4+T cells activation/differentiation regulated by basophils.Methods Firstly,the mononuclear leukocytes were isolated separately from periphery blood,liver,spleen,lung and lymph nodes and the percentages of FcεR I+CD49b+ basophils in different organs were investigated.Secondly,liver basophils were purified by immuno-microbead strategy and co-clutured with different cytokines for 24 h.Apoptosis status of basophils was detected by Annexin V straining method.Thirdly,Mice were subcutaneously implanted with a miniosmotic pump containing 5 μg IL-3.At day 7 after implantation,liver mononuclear cells were harvested and the percentages of basophils were analyzed.Finally,Th1/Th2 polarization influenced by basophils orientated cytokines was investigated when naive OT-Ⅱ CD4 T cells were stimulated with spleen dentritic cells and OVA peptides.Results The percentage of murine basophils in mononuclear leukocytes of liver was significantly higher than that of periphery blood,spleen,lung and lymph nodes under physiological condition.Both of in vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that IL-3 played an inhibitory role on apoptosis of basophils.Cytokines secreted by basophils was investigated to induce Th2 polarization and inhibit Th1 response when naive OT-Ⅱ CD4 T cells were co-cultured with spleen dentritic cells and OVA peptides.Conclusion Th2 response was enhanced and Th1 response was down-regulated by murine basophils,which implied that basophils might participate in the construction of liver specific physiological immuno-tolerant microenvironment.

Objective To introduce the super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and summarize it's therapeutic effect.Methods Nine patiens with VSD from August 2014 to December 2014 in our hospital were enrolled,which performed super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure of VSD.All patients were followed up prudently post-operation.Echocardiography was scheduled according to the protocol.Results All cases were successfully occluded.There was no death case in the peri-operation period and severe complications after operation.Conclusions The super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure of VSD is safe and reliable.

Under the shaking-flask culture, fermentation medium of honggumycin produced by Streptomyces 702 were studied.The experiment was used response surface methodology to optimize the shaking-flask fermentation medium.Firstly, we applied full factorial design to screen important factors soybean meal and industrial peptone which affected hongmycin produced by Streptomyces 702.Furthermore, we designed experiment to obtain the steepest ascent path and optimal level by the central composite design.The optimum medium consisted of (g/L): maize starch 20, maize meal 20, glucose 20, soybean meal 23, industrial peptone 9, KNO_ 3 2.5, (NH_ 4 )_ 2 SO_ 4 2.5 KH_ 2 PO_ 4 0.3, NaCl 3, CaCO_ 3 6, bean oil 5mL/L.Under the optimal medium, the yield of honggumycin was up to 1500 g/mL, which was increased by 308% than the original medium.

Marginal liver donor,a way to expand the liver pool,has been maximized in the unique position due to the shortage of donors.But the definition of marginal donor liver varies from center to center and the standard is very complex.With the enhancement of organ perfusion solution,preservation methods and surgical techniques,the edge donor criteria are also gradually expanding.What decision should we make,facing such clinical controversies.This paper makes a review on the marginal liver donor in the donation after citizen deceased,so as to improve its clinical application.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of single and double locking compressing plates(LCP)treatment for Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.Methods Patients(n=90)with Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment methods (single LCP group and double LCP group;45 patients in each group) and analyzed retrospectively.Operative duration,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative wound infection,Rasmussen anatomical score and functional score were measured and compared between the two groups.Results More favorable results were achieved in the single LCP group than in the double LCP group in operative duration [(51.4 ± 4.03)h vs.(76.2±5.5)h(t=24.514,P＜0.001)]and intraoperative bleeding volume[(173.7±8.8) ml vs.(212.4 ± 4.9) ml (t =25.911,P ＜ 0.001,respectively)].Further more,three cases of postoperative woundin fection were seen in the double LCP group,while none was observed in the single LCP group.There was no significant difference in the percentage of satisfactory Rasmussenanatomical scores and functional scores between the two groups one year afteroperation(~ =-0.442,P=0.659).Conclusions Compared with double LCP fixation,single LCP fixation is more advantageous for the treatment of Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biocharacteristics, separation and purification as well as the culture technique of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, which has the potentiality of multiple cellular differentiations, locatedinduced differentiation of bone and cartilage, cellular carrying tray and application in bone tissue engineering.DATA SOURCES: Relative articles were retrieved through Medline database according to the key words of "mesenchymal stem cell, tissue engineer" in English between January 1990 and December 2004. Meanwhile,relative articles were also retrieved in Chinese journal full-text database and Wanfang database with the same key words in Chinese between January 1994 and December 2004.STUDY SELECTION: Articles were retrieved first to select those references which were related to the aspects of biology, isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cell in tissue engineering. Representative and lated references were included; however, researches on non-bone tissue engineering and repetitive studies were excluded. The rest of articles were looked up for their full text.DATA EXTRACTION: There were 78 articles on mesenchymal stem cell in tissue engineering. Among them, 31 papers were included; the otherbut 47 papers including 13 articles of similar contents and 34 studies on nonbone tissue engineering were excluded.DATA SYNTHESIS: Mesenchymal stem cell mainly existed in bone marrow and could differentiated into multiple tissue cells and increase in vitro.① There were three methods for separation, purification and culture of mesenchymal stem cells: density gradient centrifugation, flow cytometry and adherent screening method. Other scholars obtained cell strain of mesenchymal stem cell through single-cell cloning technique, but this way was more difficult to obtain multiple seed cells. At present, density gradient centrifugation was widely used. ② Mesenchymal stem cell could differentiate into bone cells and cartilae cells through adding inductor into eligible culture medium. Ideal scaffolds could carry and retain the vitality of cells, support rapid endogeny of vessels and be benefit for observing new bone formation under X ray. New bone might be absorbed and replaced in bone rebuilding and form or increase conductive bridging of host bone. Functions of differentiated cells could be maintained by the interaction between scaffolds surface and cells, and the histocompatibility was well. ③ Mesenchymal stem cell was an kind of ideal target cells for gene therapy. It could shift growth factor or cytokine and express foreign protein after multiple desintegration in vitro. It was successful in bone tissue engineering.CONCLUSION: Modern tissue engineering which is presented by stem cells develops quickly at present, but tissue engineering of mesenchymal stem cell starts just now. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell is characterized by easily materializing, potentiality of multiple tissue differentiation, stable genetic background, non-rejection in implant button and high proliferation. All properties determine that it will be a useful thing in cell and gene therapy as well as tissue engineering.

Bone Diseases, Developmental ; surgery ; Female ; Femur ; pathology ; surgery ; Fibrosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Middle Aged

AIM: To evaluate the alterations in calcium metabolism of the vascular smooth muscle in the late phase of septic shock and test the hypothesis that nitric oxide might be involved in sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). 18 hours post CLP,rat aortic rings were employed for measurement of contractile responses by using organ bath technique. RESULTS: In endothelium-denuded aortic rings from CLP rats,concentration-contraction curves to phenylephrine (PE) and KCl were significantly decreased when compared to that from sham control rats. The transient contraction induced by PE in calcium-free Krebs solution and the concentration-dependent contraction to CaCl_2 in KCl-depolarized medium were also markedly reduced. The hyporeactivity was partially reversed by treatment with aminoguanidine,a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. CONCLUSION: An impairment in calcium handling in vascular smooth muscle is involved in the vascular hyporeactivity during the late phase of septic shock,in which an excessive nitric oxide production might be the major mechanism.

The biochemical mechanism of degrading keratins by S.fradiae var S-221 was primarily studied.The compounds (Na_ 2 SO_ 4 , Na_ 2 SO_ 3 and sulfdryl acohol), which respecitively enhance specific activity of keratinase, activate keratinase intensively and mainly act on the disulfide bonds reductase in the keratinase, Na_ 2 SO_ 3 activates intensively both disulfide bonds reductase and polypeptide hydrolytase at 0.01 mol/L, whereas Na_ 2 S_ 2 O_ 3 , which acts on the disulfide bonds reductase, inhibits keratinase.On the condition that substrate, keratins exists, S.fradiae var S-221 is induced to produce exo-keratinase, which is a multiproteinase, containing disulfide bonds reductase, which is a key enzyme degrading keratins, then, with polypeptidic, hydrolytase, graduately hydrolyzates denatured keratins into polypeptides, oligopeptides and free amino acids, so that keratins have been decomposed completely.Sulfur in the keratins was transferred into sulfhydryl compounds, H_ 2 S and sulfates in the course of keratinolysine.