Objective To study the chemical composition and the sources of indoor PM10 in some residential houses in Beijing. Methods PM10 samples were collected using cascade impactors in smoker's and non-smoker's homes in winter. The mass concentrations and enrichment characteristics of nineteen elements, such as Al, Si, and S in airborne particles were analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enrichment factor. Results The concentrations of 19 elements were higher in smoker's homes than those in non-smoker's homes in winter, especially K and S concentrations were 2-4 times of those in non-smoker's homes. Al, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe made greater contribution to concentrations of elements in PM10, of which K and S accounted for 72% of total elements in smoker's homes while Al, Si and Ca amounted to 57% of total elements in non-smoker's homes. Conclusion Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe come from natural sources while S, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Cl and P originated from anthropogenic sources such as smoking, coal combustion and oil combustion.

Brain Injuries ; nursing ; Custodial Care ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Objective To investigate the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at Beijing communities in men aged over 50 years. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptoms. Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to measure prostate size and the residual urine volume(RUV). Uroflowmetry was performed to record the maximum flow(Q_(max)). One-way ANOVA was used to analysis the differences. Results 1644 subjects were enrolled and the mean age was 64. 5 years (range 50 - 93 years). The mean IPSS, prostate weight andQ_(max) were 9. 9±8. 2, (30. 8± 19.4) and (14. 7 ± 7. 5)ml/s, respectively. They had correlation with age (r=0. 388,0. 262, - 0.371). The prevalence of moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was 50. 8% (835/1644). Prostate volume was greater than 20 ml in 69. 7%(1146/1644) of the subjects.Q_(max) was less than 15 ml/s in 53. 8% (883/1642) of the subjects. Conclusions In men age over 50 years in Beijing, there is positive correlation between LUTS, prostate size and age, and negative correlation between Q_(max) and age. The prevalence of BPH, defined as IPSS greater than 7, maxium flow rate less than 15 ml/s and prostate size greater than 20 ml, is 26. 8%(441/1644).

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qiliqiangxin capsule combined on refractory heart failure.Methods 60 patients with refractory heart failure were randomly recruited into a control group and a therapeutic group. The control group received the conventional treatment, and the therapeutic group took Qiliqiangxin capsule on the base of the conventional treatment (3 times a day, 4 granules/each time) combined with 120 mg cAMP meglumine. Treatment in both group lasted 14 days. Results: After the treatment, the therapeutic group showed improvement in the symptoms of heart failure. Comparing with the control group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Qiliqiangxin capsule combined on refractory heart failure is satisfied and can improve the quality obviously.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 12-sample needle biopsy in patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen and/or abnormal digital rectal examination findings. Methods The data of 220 patients who underwent 12-sample transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy (comprising conventional 6 biopsies and 3 biopsies in each lateral peripheral zone) of the prostate were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 220 patients,73 (33.2%) had prostate cancers on biopsy;the clinical stages were as follows:4 cases of stage T 1,21 of T 2,15 of T 3 and 33 of T 4.If the conventional 6-core biopsy alone was performed, the detection rate would be 31.4%,4 cases (3 of stage T 1 and 1 of stage T 2,all with tumor volume less than 0.5 ml) would be missed. The improvement by 12-core biopsy was marked in patients with stage T 1-T 2 prostate disease (16%,4/25).No serious complications were observed in patients with transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 12-core biopsy of the prostate. Conclusions The 12-sample procedure can improve the cancer detection rate of the early stage prostate cancer and tumor with volume less than 0.5 ml.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the lateral peripheral zone biopsy.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics features of primary uterus lymphoma. Methods The clinical, sonographic and histopathological characteristics of nine patients who were pathologically comfirmed as primary uterus lymphoma were analyzed. Results Among the nine cases of primary uterus lymphoma, three lesions were found in the uterine bodys and 6 were found in the cervixes. Two patients with uterine body lymphoma had painless pelvic masses and six patients with cervix lymphoma had contact bleeding, including irregular vaginal bleeding in four patients. In sonograms, six lesions showed remarkable hypoechogenicity with homogeneous internal echogenicity;the margins of most lesions were circumcribed;all lesions had posterior enhancement. In color Doppler lfow imaging, abundant vascularities were detected in eight lesions. In the cases of uterine body lymphoma, all of the uterine bodys showed diffuse symmetrical enlargement without disruption of the endometria, while in ifve cases of cervix lymphoma, the tumors showed the shape of lobule. The pathological examination showed that all tumors were diffuse B-cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions Primary uterus lymphoma has some clinical and ultrasonic features, including contact bleeding or irrgular vaginal bleeding, diffuse symmetrical enlargement of uterine body, complete endometria, remarkable hypoechogenicity, homogeneous echogenicity and posterior enhancement. Final diagnosis depends on the histopathology.

Objective To evaluate the degree of erectile dysfunction in the benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) of men with moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) .Methods Total 140 patients with moderate and severe LUTS of BPH were investigated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Erectile dysfunction was less than 21 scores, but erection was more than 21 scores. Regression analysis was used to determine the degree of any correlation among age, the total IPSS, the moderate and severe IPSS score and the various erectile function scores.Results The mean age of the patients was (69 2?7 18) years. The mean total IPSS score was 23 3?7 7, consisting of 45 patients (32%) for moderate IPSS score and 95 patients (68%) for severe IPSS score. The mean IIEF-5 score was 6 8?8 02. There were erection patients in 11 cases (7 9%) and erectile dysfunction patients in 129 cases (92 1%). On the other hand, 41 cases (91%) for moderate IPSS score and 88 cases (93 6%) for severe IPSS score exists erectile dysfunction. There were no significant correlation among IIEF-5 score and patients age (?=0 417), the total IPSS (?=0 235), the moderate (?=0 07) and severe IPSS score (?=0 332). Conclusions About 90% BPH men complicated with LUTS have erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is related to age and the extent of LUTS. LUTS is not an important factor of erectile dysfunction. The high morbidity of erectile dysfunction in BPH men with LUTS should be consider in the treatment of their urinary symptoms.

Objective To upgrade the satisfactory degree of foreign patients by persistently improving medical treatment quality aboard hospital ship.Methods To choose 3 days and 30 foreign cases who accepted ultramarine medical treatment on hospital ship.All the cases were Pakistani or Bangladeshi.Cases were assigned into 3 kinds of queuing program and investigated the satisfactory degree using self-made questionnaire.The program of highest satisfactory degree was used in the next 3 countries.Results Analysis showed that waiting time for preliminary diagnosis,examination and total waiting time were significantly different between program C and A; waiting time for preliminary diagnosis,examination and total waiting time were significantly different between program B and A,but time for return visit increased in program B compared to that of program A.Degree of satisfaction:70.0％～76.7％ for program A,73.3％～80.0％ for program B,96.7％～100.0％ for program C.Conclusions Program C is the best method to shorten waiting time,improve order and upgrade the satisfactory degree.This research has a significant value in the enhancement of efficiency aboard hospital ship and improvement of foreign patients' satisfactory degree.

Objective To analyze the complication rates in 210 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided 24-core transperineal prostate biopsy.Methods Clinical data of 210 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided 24-core transperineal prostate biopsy from 2010 to 2012 were collected.A retrospective analysis of complications after prostate biopsy was conducted.Results The main postoperative complications were hematuria,bloody stool,dysuria,urinary retention,fever (＞38℃),urinary infection,vasovagal syncope,and their complication rates were 43.3 ％ (91/210),10.9％ (23/210),23.3％ (49/210),25.2％ (53/210),14.8％ (31/210),21.9％ (46/210),0.48％ (1/210) respectively.In addition,5 patients (2.5％) were hospitalized due to biopsy related complications.Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound guided 24-core transperineal prostate biopsy is an relatively safe and effective puncture method with common minor complications and less severe complications.Adequate attentions should be paid to its complications.