Objective To study the value of CT diagnosis of atraumatic acute abdominal disease and how to select CT scan rationally.Methods The CT findings of 319 cases of atraumatic acute abdominal disease were reviewed restrospectively.Results Of 319 cases,226 cases of non-traumatic acute abdomen had positive findings on CT,the positive rate was 70.84%.Of them,the diseases included:urinary tract system in 63 cases,bile system in 62 cases,pancreas in 41 cases,gastro-intestinal system in 37 cases and others in 23 cases.The positive rate of CT findings was higher with aging in non-traumatic acute abdomen.Conclusion CT is of diagnostic value in atraumatic acute abdominal disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Asphyxia ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Syndrome ; Thorax ; abnormalities

Objective To investigate the value of susceptibility?weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) in cirrhotic livers. Methods Two hundred seventy?two patients suspiciousof HCC underwent conventional MR imaging and susceptibility?weighted imaging (SWI). Two hundred and five patients were excluded due to either size larger than 3.0 cm, no cirrhosis or HCC. Finally, a total of 84 hepatocellular nodules in 67 patients were included in this prospective study. There were 22 DNs in 12 cases, 8 DNs with HCC foci in 7 cases, and 54 overt HCCs in 48 cases. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated signal intensity and enhancing pattern using conventional MRI set and conventional MRI combining with SWI set. A five?point scale was performed to evaluate diagnostic confidence of HCC. Kappa analysis was performed to assess interobserver agreement of the two sets by two readers.The diagnostic performance and confidence level were compared for each image set,ROC was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.Results Good interobserver agreement was identified with a Kappa value of 0.923 for conventional MRI set and 0.865 for conventional MRI combining with SWI set, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the alternative?free response ROC (Az) were 80.6% and 80.6%, 81.8% and 77.3%, 81.0% and 79.8%, 0.804 and 0.782 using conventional MRI set, and 93.5%and 85.5%, 90.9%and 86.4%, 92.9%and 85.7%, 0.898 and 0.859 using conventional MRI combining with SWI set for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively.The diagnostic confidence level of conventional MRI combining with SWI set for diagnosis of HCC with less than 2 cm in size(n=36) was significantly higher than that of conventional MRI (reader 1, 3.86±0.47 vs 3.40±0.91;reader 2, 3.85±0.57 vs 3.41±0.92;t values were 3.733 and 2.468, P were 0.001 and 0.018).Conclusion SWI can provide additional valuable information and improve diagnostic performance for characterization of sHCC in cirrhotic livers.

Objective To investigate the ability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for differentiating benign from malignant solid adnexal tumors. Methods One-hundred and six patients (114 tumors) with surgically and histologically proven solid adnexal tumors (44 benign, 70 malignant) underwent conventional MR imaging and 1H-MRS. Single-voxel spectroscopy was performed using the point resolved spectroscopy localization technique with a voxel size of 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm. Resonance peak integrals of choline (Cho), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), lactate (Lac), and lipid (Lip) were analyzed and the Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr, Lac/Cr and Lip/Cr ratios were recorded and compared between benign and malignant tumors using independent two-sample t test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Cho/Cr ratio for differentiating benign from malignant tumors. Results A Cho peak was detected in all 114 tumors, NAA peak in 112 tumors (43 benign and 69 malignant), Lip peak in 70 tumors (21 benign and 49 malignant), and Lac peak in 16 tumors (7 benign and 9 malignant). The Cho/Cr and Lip/Cr ratios were 4.8±2.5, 6.4±4.0 in benign versus 9.6 ± 3.3, 10.5 ± 4.6 in malignant solid adnexal tumors, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (t values were-8.826 and-2.915,P<0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio were 1.4 ± 0.7 in benign versus 1.6 ± 1.0 in
malignant solid adnexal tumors, with no statistically significant difference (t=-1.523,P>0.05). When the Cho/Cr threshold was 7.2 for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 80.0%(56/70),88.6%(39/44) and 83.3%(95/114) respectively. Conclusions The 1H-MRS patterns of benign and malignant solid adnexal tumors differ. The Cho/Cr ratio can help clinicians differentiate benign from malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate imaging characteristics of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).Methods Seventy-three patients with 83 nodules in cirrhotic livers underwent hepatic MR imaging with SWI.Two radiologists reviewed MR images by consensus.Imaging characteristics of dysplastic nodules (DN),DN with malignant foci and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated.Prussian blue staining was performed for semiquantification of hepatic iron content and above cirrhosis-associated nodules.Results Positive iron staining of background liver parenchyma was found in 69 of 73 patients and 4 HCC patients showed iron-negative staining of background liver parenchyma.Nine DNs appeared as hypointensity or isointensity with pathologically confirmed similar (n =7) or slightly decreased (n =2) iron deposition compared with background liver parenchyma.SWI detected 14 of 15 DNs with malignant foci.Seven patients appeared as homogeneous hyperintensity and 1 patient appeared as heterogeneous hyperintensity due to intratumoral hemorrhages.The remaining 6 patients demonstrated as nodule-in-nodule appearance with iron deposition in all background nodules,iron deposition with grade 1 in one internal HCC foci,and iron-free in 5 internal HCC foci.The remaining 50 patients with hepatic iron deposition had 55 HCC lesions.Three HCC lesions had iron deposition with grade 1 to 2 and the remaining 52 HCC lesions were pathologically iron-resistant.HCC appeared as hyperintensity compared with siderotic surrounding liver parenchyma.However,HCCs with diameter larger than 3 cm usually demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity due to intratumoral hemorrhage.Conclusions SWI could accurately demonstrate dynamic iron depletion on multistep hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers.On SWI images,DNs appear as hypointensity due to siderosis and malignant nodules appear as hyperintensity due to iron depletion.

The study aims to establish a method for simultaneous determination of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and to study its pharmacokinetic interactions. Eighteen male SD rats were divided into repaglinide group, pravastatin sodium group and co-administration group. Blood samples were collected at different times after oral administration. Repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma were separated by Agilent HC-C18 with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% formic acid (80 : 20). Detection and quantification were performed by using ESI-MS. The detector was operated in selected Reaction-monitoring mode at m/z 453.3-->230.1 for repaglinide, m/z 447.2-->327.4 for pravastatin sodium and m/z 285.1-->192.9 for diazepam as the internal standard. The calibration curve obtained was linear (R2>0.99) over the concentration range of 9.77-10,000 ng.mL-1 for repaglinide and 4.88-625 ng.mL-1 for pravastatin sodium. Compared with the single administration group, Cmax and AUC0-6h of repaglinide increased significantly (P<0.05) and tmax of pravastatin sodium prolonged (P<0.05) in co-administration group. The method is found to be simple, sensitive and accurate for determining the concentration of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma. There exists pharmacokinetic interactions in the co-administration of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Carbamates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Interactions ; Male ; Piperidines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Pravastatin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This study aims to investigate the change of plasma concentration of digoxin (DIG) in rats with ovariectomy. Twelve female SD rats were randomly assigned into ovariectomized group and sham group (n = 6). All rats plasma was collected after a single dose of 2 mg x kg(-1) DIG administrated orally, serum DIG concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS. The level of P-gp in the intestinal was analyzed by Western blotting. Pharmacokinetic calculations were performed on each individual using DAS 2.0 practical pharmacokinetic software. Compared with the sham group, C(max) of ovariectomized group decreased significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference of AUC(0-t), and the level of P-gp was elevated in ovariectomized group. It was found that C(max) of DIG was significantly reduced after ovariectomy, and the change was associated with the decreased level of estrogen, which contributes to the increased level of P-gp.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Digoxin ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To observe the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α)and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)genes in bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)of rhesus monkey. Methods With gene recombination technique,SDF-1α and GDNF genes obtained from cDNA were subcloned into pBudce4.1 vector to get pBudCE4.1-SDF-1-GDNF, evaluated by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing analysis.The pBudCE4.1-SDF-1α-GDNF was transfected into BMSCs with lipofectamine2000.After 48 h,the expression of SDF-1α and GDNF was measured by RT-PCIL,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Correct construction of pBudCE4.1-SDF-1α-GDNF was identified by enzyme restriction analysis and sequencing analysis.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the expressions Of SDF-1α and GDNF genes in the transfected cells.The protein expressions of GDNF and SDF-1α in the GDNF and SDF-1α transfected BMSCs were 6 times higher than those in the negative control cells. Conclusion The pBudCE4.1-SDF-1α-GDNF can successfully express SDF-1α and GDNF in BMSCs of rhesus monkey,which may be used in gene therapy for Parkinson's disease.