This paper describes photobiological hazards and the standards of photobiological safety in the application of medical devices. It analyzes and discusses the current status of the international standardization and the national standardization.
Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Photobiology ; Safety

Condoms ; standards ; supply & distribution ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; standards

Acromioclavicular Joint ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery

Calcium metabolism and the transepithelial Ca2+ active transport play important roles in many basic physiological processes,such as neurotransmission,excitation-contraction coupling, vesicular secretion. Placenta is a link between maternal and fetal,transiting all the nutritions from maternal to the fetus.The syncytionbophoblast express many sorts of calcium channels/transporters and exchangers, such as voltage-dependant Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels, store-operated Ca2+ channels, calcium-binding proteins, plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPases, Na + / Ca2+ exchanger, which exhibit specific distribution and physiological properties. Therefore, this review focuses on the tissue expression and functional properties of channels, transporters,and exchangers in syncytionboph-oblasts.

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids and abundant in the brain. Some studies showed that glycosphingolipids not only could improve the differentiation of neurons, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, but also could modulate neuronal plasticity and improve neurological function after cerebral damage. GM1 was so far most widely studied glycosphingolipids. It is believed that the regulatory functions for calcium homeostasis and the interaction between GM1 and neurotrophins are essential in the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotection. In addition, GM1 has also anti-excitotoxicity, anti-oxidation and vasodilation properties. Various forms of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and hypoxia/ischemic encepha-lopathy are characterized by progressive loss and apoptosis of neurons, the neuroprotective and neruotrophic effects of GM1 could play pivotal role in the treatment of these diseases. Nowadays, GM1 was widely used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, stroke, hypoxia-ischemic encephalopathy, craniocerebral trauma, spinal cord injury and peripheral neuropathy. Further researches for the mechanisms of GM1 will provide new strategies for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Objective To investigate the influence of patients suffered from acute lower wall cardiac infarct appeared Ⅲ atrio-ventricular block tneatment with thrombolytic recanalization for the early recovery of sinus rhythm.Methods From October 01 till October 06, a total of 25 hospitalized patients in our hospital with acute lower cardiac infarct, chest pain persist over thirty minutes, but less than one hour, immediately treatment with urokinase thrombolytic therapy after hospitalization, among them 17 cases reinfusion therapy success ful and 8 cases failed. Divided into reinfusion therapy success group and failed group, observate thromholytic therapy 6 hours recanalization success and fail group the situation of sinus rhythm recovore. Results Among 17 cases recanalization success patients and 14 cases recover sinus rhythm within 6 hours ,and 8 case fail in recanalization 2 cases recover sinus rhythm in 6 hours(25%)compared these two groups statistical are meaningful ( P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Acute lower cardiac infarct patients with Ⅲ atrio-ventricular block must use thrombolytic therapy as soon as possible in order to let oclusive coronary artery recanalize, help to recover sinus rhythm as soon as possible and decrease mortality rate.

Objective To discuss the influence of Ginkgo biloba extract on platelet aggregation of the patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,each group had 51cases.The patients of the control group were given the conventional drug therapy,while the observation group were given the Ginkgo biloba extract treatment on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Results The platelet aggregation of the two groups after treatment made significant difference compared with that before treatment(P ＜ 0.05).The platelet aggregation caused by ADP was (65.1 ± 8.1) ％ and was obviously lower than that of the control group (t =5.732,P ＜ 0.05).The platelet aggregation caused by AA was (30.1 ± 5.2) ％ and was obviously lower than that of the control group (t =6.897,P ＜0.05).The platelet aggregation caused by PAF was (42.1 ± 6.3) ％ and was obviously lower than that of the control group (t =6.013,P ＜ 0.05).The neurological function of the two groups after treatment made significant difference compared with that before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The socres of the observation groupafter treatment was (5.98 ±1.09),which was obviously lower than that of the control group (t =5.469,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract could significantly reduce the platelet aggregation of the patients with acute cerebral infarction and deserved promotion.

Objective To study the effects of β-aescine sodium plus oxiracetam on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and monocyte chemotactic factor(MCP-1) protein in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 117 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the two groups,the observation group (n =60 cases) and the control group (n =57 cases).The patients in the control group were treated with the conventional treatment,while the patients in the observation group were treated with joint treatment ofβ-aescine sodium plus oxiracetam.They were treated for 14 days.Plasma Hcy and MCP-1 were detected.Results The total efficicies were 95.0％ in the observation group and 84.5％ in the control group.There was a significant difference between two groups (x2 =5.801,P ＜0.05).Plasma Hcy and MCP-1 were decreased after treatment (t =9.551,4.296,2.001,21.070,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜0.01).Plasma Hcy and MCP-1 in the observation group were lower than these in the control group (t =4.997,25.276,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion β-aescine sodium plus oxiracetam can decrease plasma Hcy and MCP-1 in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective:To develop the method of detecting the level ofHey1 expression_the target gene of Notch signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Methods:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (C2C12) were cultured and the total RNA was extracted.And then the amplification efficiency was verified between the reference gene ?-actin and the target gene Hey1.To optimize the PCR conditions and analyse amplification curves and melting curve before validation of quantitatve PCR products with gel electrophoresis.Results:The reference gene?-actin and the target gene Hey1 have the same amplification efficiency(slope difference of the amplification curve