Objective To investigate the possibility and accuracy of idenfication of the sentinel lymph node(SLN) in breast cancer(BC) by using methylene blue intra operatively.Methods 4～6ml methylene blue dye was injected around the breast mass intra operatively. 5～10 minutes after injection,the operation for BC was performed. All blue stained lymph nodes found during operation were considered as SLN, and removed for pathological examination. All patients had axillary lymphadenectomy(ALDN),and the acquired nonsentinel lymph nodes(NSLN)from them were also examined. Results The SLN were identified in 45 of 50 patients(90.0%).There were all 117 SLNs in this series. Of 117 SLNs,111 were located in stage I lymph nodes in axilla(95.0%),and 6 SLNs in stage II(5.0%). Of the 5 cases of the unidentified SLN,the primary tumor was located in the inferior quadrant in 4 cases,and in the uper quadrant in 1 case (P0.05). Histologic status of the SLNs accurately predicted axillary nodes status with an accuracy rate of 91.0%. 4 cases or SLN examination were negative while their NSLN were positive with false negative rate 8.9%. Conclusions This technique can identify SLN accurately;the histology of SLN can predict axillary status correctly. Sentinel lymph node has correlation with the location of the primary tumor but has no correlation with the size of the tumor or breast operation before.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and the predictors of clopidogrel therapy after DES implantation,and to determine the impact of discontinuation of clopidogrel therapy on the occurrence of late stent thrombosis(ST)and very late stent thrombosis.Methods Between July 2003 and June 2005,2 930 consecutive patients treated with PCI and DES implantation in Anzhen hospital were involved in the study,and among them,13 patients died within 3 dys after PCI.A total of 2 704 patients out of the 2 917 patients were followed up successfully for at least 2 years,or mortality.All of the clinical,angiographic and intervention treatment character were recorded.ST was adjudicated by the definition of ARC Dublin.Patients were grouped by the duration of clopidogrel therapy to 4 groups(group 1,12 months).The duration of clopidogrel therapy and the predictors of the premature discontinuation of clopidogrel were evaluated,and the rate of late ST(1 month to 12 months)and very late ST(after 12 months)in the 4 groups were analysised.Results There were 82(3.0%)patients in group 1,333(12.3%)patients in group 2,1 590(58.8%)patients in group 3,and 699(25.9%)patients in group 4.In contrast with group 4,the mean level of total cholesterol were higher,mean LVEF value were lower,more patients were diabetes,less patients were STEMI,and the mean number of DES implantation was less in group 1-3.In group 1 and group 2,most of the discontinuation of clopidogrel therapy(95.1%,85.9% respectively)were directed by patients themselves;and in group 3,71.1% of the patients discortinued clopidogrel therapy on the doctor's order.There was no significant differences among the 3 groups on discontinuation of clopidogrel for bleeding or other operations.By Cox regression,diabetes(OR=1.542,95% CI=1.184-2.008,P=0.001)and number and DES implantation(OR=0.790,95% CI=0.709-0.880,P

Objective To investigate the correlation between preoperative anxiety and emergence agitation(EA)in children after sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods A total of 120 children who were going to receive an elective surgery were recruited in this study.The preoperative anxiety in these children was measured through the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale(mYPAS)at the following time:during the preoperative interview(T1),waiting period in surgery waiting room(T2),after the children entered the operating room(T3)and at the beginning of sevoflurane inhalation induction(T4).The emergence agitation(EA)scores were obtained by using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium(PAED) Scale after the surgery.Results After adjusting for the effect of age,it was found that the anxiety scores at T1 and T2 had no significant correlation with EA,while those in T3 and T4 showed a statistically significant correlation with EA.The level of anxiety at the beginning of induction showed a strong positive correlation with EA,and the correlation coefficient was 0.708(P<0.01).Conclusion The preoperative anxiety in the operating room and at the beginning of induction of anesthesia is correlated with EA in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia.

Objective To understand antimicrobial resistance and therapeutic efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem for treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA)from patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods From January 2010 to December 2015,78 patients with mechanical ventilation and isolated MDRPA from sputum cultures were selected and divided into imipenem/cilastatin (n=44)and meropenem(n=34) treatment groups,basic condition,time of emergence of drug resistance,and therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial agents between two groups were compared.Results The basic data of two groups were comparable,before treat-ment by imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem,resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P .aeruginosa )to quinolones,ceftazidime,piperacillin,and amikacin were not significantly different (all P >0.05).After patients received antimicrobial agents for 6 days,difference in antimicrobial resistance between imipenem /cilastatin and meropenem treatment groups were not significantly different (22.73% vs 8.82%,P >0.05).On the 8th,10th,and 12th day of treatment,resistance rates of imipenem treatment group were 40.91%,77.27%,and 97.73%, respectively,which were all higher than meropenem treatment group (17.65%,32.35%,44.12%,respectively,all P <0.05).After the treatment with different antimicrobial agents,the average time for the emergence of resistance in imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem treatment group were 9.0 days and 13.5 days respectively.Therapeutic efficacy between two groups was not significantly different (64.71% vs 74.19%,P =0.41).Conclusion Compared with meropenem,imipenem/cilastatin shows higher risk for the emergence of drug resistance during therapy of P . aeruginosa infection in patients with mechanical ventilation,there is no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between two groups of patients after 7 days of treatment.

China ; International Cooperation ; Occupational Health Services ; World Health Organization

Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; Sentinel Surveillance

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of anal electrical stimulation (AES) with long pulses on anal sphincter pressure (ASP) in conscious dogs.Methods Nine healthy female hound dogs were used for the study,composed of 4 randomized sessions including AES with vari- ous stimulation parameters,20-min sustained AES to assess anal sphincter fatigue,atropine or phentolamine were used to block corresponding receptor.ASP was measured with manometry and the contractile area under the contraction curve.AES was performed via a pair of ring electrodes attached to the manometric catheter.The stimulation parameters in all sessions but the first session included a frequency of 20 ppm,width of 200 ms and amplitude of 3 mA.Results ASP was 55.7?6.0 at baseline and increased by 37% to 76.4?6.5 during AES (P

Objective To explore the relevance between sequence variation of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 subtypes E2 gene or long control region (LCR) and cervical lesions.Methods Fifty specimens from HPV16 infected people in Chengdu were collected,including cervical exfoliated cells from 38 HPV carriers,papilloma tissues from 8 cases of genital warts,2 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ and 2 with CIN Ⅲ in this study.Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify E2 gene and LCR,then an evolutionary tree was constructed.Results In all the 50 specimens,there were 12 mutation sites in E2 gene,among which,C→A existed in one specimen of genital warts,and ≥2 mutation sites existed in all the other 48 specimens.There were 28 mutation sites of LCR sequence of all the specimens.Ten specimens were chosen to construct evolutionary tree and were sequenced.The data showed that 8 specimens were Asian variants,E2 gene mutation existed in all the specimens while the LCR 7867 G→A only existed in the four CIN.Conclusion LCR 7867G→A is a correlative mutation site of cervical lesions in Chengdu.

The reform for the laboratory operational mechanism includes laboratory management system reform and experimental teaching reform.The author made some explorations and research to the operational mechanism and management pattern of university laboratory of forensic biology,then presented some ideas.

To introduce tutorial system for undergraduate in the forensic biology teaching is an important measure of educational reform of forensic medicine.The article presented some schemes and experiences about the practice of tutorial system for undergraduate in the forensic biology department of Kunming Medical College.