BACKGROUND:Evaluation of the newly formed bone at the distraction site by the imaging technologies is the cornerstone for terminating the limb lengthening successfuly.In the early stages of the distraction, the X-ray cannot detect any evidence of new bone formation within the distraction sites, whereas ultrasound can acquire wealth information about new bone and surrounding soft tissues. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of limb lengthening in order to promote its clinical application. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on the CNKI database and PubMed database for articles related to ultrasound in the evaluation of limb lengthening published from January 1989to October 2014. The keywords of distraction osteogenesis, ultrasonography, external fixation, fracture healing in English and Chinese were used to search the articles by title and abstract. Finaly, a total of 24 articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is an effective method to evaluate the limb lengthening in early stage. It can not only detect the formation and maturation of the new calus, but also can evaluate the forming speed and the quality of the new cals. Moreover, ultrasound can be used to evaluate the situation of the soft tissue near the distraction site. Complications associated with the limb lengthening can be observed timely by the ultrasound. Ultrasound is of great significance in the evaluation of distraction osteogenesis.

Objective To investigate an effective method of autologous arteriovenous fistula formation for the elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods The nest in the elbow above the median cubital vein at the curved incision 1-2 cm,inline high Fistula,namely arm cephalic vein and brachial artery bifurcation of the upper portion of the distal radioulnar side anastomosis in 20 cases over 75 years elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy.And compared the effect of 16 cases of patients with similar conventional fistula.Results Twenty cases over 75 years elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy were successful in all high dynamic fistula intravenous,blood flow was (1 007±131) ml/m,the immediate opening rate of 16 patients similar to conventional instant fistula was 12.5％,and a year after the opening rate was 6.25％ Conclusion High fistula are more easy to shape conventional,easy mature,full blood flow characteristics comparing with commom fistula,so elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy fistula making difficult situation has been effectively improved.

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects of portal azygous devascularization on patients with portal hypertension. Methods In this study, data of 212 patients with portal hypertension who underwent devascularization were analyzed retrospectively. Among them 52% patients had a history of variceal bleeding. Preoperative Child A accounted for 15% patients, B for 57% and C for 27%. Emergent operation and selective operation were performed in 11% and 89% cases, respectively. Hassab procedure was performed in 176 cases (83%), whereas modified Sugiura procedure in 36 cases (17%). Results Portal vein pressure decreased from (40?6) cm?H 2O to (36?7) cm?H 2O. The re-bleeding rate of 3, 5,10 years were 2%, 6%, 11%, and the survival rates of 3, 5, 10 years were 97%, 92% and 89%, respectively. Conclusions Devascularization is an effective procedure in controlling bleeding with low incidence of liver failure, operation mortality and encephalopathy. Emergent operation should be avoided as it causes high morbidity and mortality. The decreased portal pressure following devascularization may result in a reduced blood supply to the liver. Persistent exasperation of the liver function caused by chronic hepatitis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are the two major factors endangering long-term survival.

AIM: To examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the neuroprotection by mitochondrial ATP- sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATp) in rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia. METHODS: The technique of elec-trophysiology was used, and the latency to hypoxic depolarization (HD) and the amplitude of population spike (PS) in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region were measured. RESULTS: Pretreatment of the slices with diazoxide (DIA, a mitoKATP opener, at concentration of 300 ?mol/L) , prolonged the latency to HD, delayed the onset of PS disappearance and improved the recovery of PS after reoxygenation. The effects induced by DIA were attenuated by 5 - hydroxydecanoic acid (a mitoKATP blocker, at concentration of 200 ?mol/L). Pretreatment with N - 2 - mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG, a ROS scavenger, at concentration of 500 ?mol/L), also abrogated the effects induced by DIA, while treatment of MPG alone had no effect on PS and HD. CONCLUSION: ROS participates in neuroprotection offered by mitoKATp opener during hypoxia.

With the development of peaple's life and the change of diet,the incidence rate of colorectal cancer is increasing. There are Twenty-five percent of patients were found liver metastases in the first diago-sis. Surgical resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer is known to be associated with long term sur-vival. So it is the key to increase the resection rate for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. The in-curruence of neoadjuvant therapy may be useful in therapy of colorectal cancer patients with liver mtastases.

5-lipoxygenase-activating protein Gene (ALOX5AP) on chromosome 13q12-13 encodes 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). The latter plays a key role in regulating the synthesis of leukotriene. Studies have suggested that the subjects who carry this gene may increase stroke risk by two times. Therefore, ALOX5AP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke.

Objective:To understand the awareness of students of medical colleges sperm behavior, attitudes and prac-tical factors. Methods:Used convenient sampling method to select 300 college students of 4 medical colleges in Shanghai conducted a questionnaire survey and used Epidata 3. 1 and SPSS 18. 0 to count and analyse. Results: 251 question-naires. 39. 8% of respondents were willing to sperm, the primary reason was considered to be an act of charity, helping others;willing sperm donors only distributed among schools statistically significant (P<0. 05) proportions, and for the various professional and grades , showed no significant difference ( P>0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Students of Shanghai Medical Colleges sperm voluntary rate was not high, so the survey analyzed related factors affecting sperm donation and put forward practical proposals to provide reference data and methods for sperm bank sperm recruiting for volunteers in the universities.

Objective:To discuss the effect of montelukast combined with salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate on serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in asthma patients. Methods:Totally 80 patients with asthma were randomly divided into the control group (n=42) and the observation group (n=38). The control group was treated with salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone, and the observa-tion group was treated with the combination of montelukast and salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone. The course of treatment was 9 months. The clinical efficacy and the changes of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the two groups were compared before and after the treatment. Results:The clinical total effective rate of the observation group was 92. 11%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (73. 81%, P<0. 05). The correlation indices (FEV1, FEV1, PEF and FEV1/FVC) of the lung ventilation function in the ob-servation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). Before and after the treatment, the differences in the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were statistically significant (P<0. 05), and the differences between the two groups were also statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Montelukast combined with salmeterol and fluticasone propionate can significantly affect on the inflammatory factors in serum of patients with asthma, which should be used and popularized in clinics.

There are about 150 million people around the world with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection currently,of whom 20%will ultimately progress to cirrhosis and eventually die of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.Interferon (IFN)has long been recognized as the cornerstone of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C because of its role in sustained virologic response and prevention of disease progression.However,it has limited efficacy and multiple adverse effects.In recent years,direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have shown good efficacy.This review summarizes the recent advances in IFN-free anti-HCV therapeutic regimens based on DAAs.We believe that,with the emergence of DAAs,IFN-free therapies will develop rapidly and display better prospects.