Objective To compare the diagnostic value of renal ultrasound scan (RUS) and 99Tcmdimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy in children with acute pyelonephritis (APN). Methods In all, 165 children with initial clinical diagnosis of APN, aged from 1.5 months to 11 yrs ( median 20 months), were included in the study, all of which were examined with RUS and DMSA renal scientigraphy. The diagnosis with DMSA renal scientigraphy results was taken as the standard reference to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RUS. Results Of 99 out of all 330 kidneys that were found abnormal on DMSA renal scientigraphy, 31 were abnormal on RUS. Of the rest normal kidneys on DMSA scans renal scientigraphy, 4 were abnormal on RUS. Thus diagnostic sensitivity of RUS for APN was 31.3%(31/99) and specificity was 98.3% (227/231). Conclusions Although RUS provides with high diagnostic specificity for children with APN, its low sensitivity may underestimate the clinical evaluation of APN.More often than not, 99Tcm-DMSA renal scientigraphy is a clinical necesscity for the definite RUS diagnosis.

Objective To explore the distribution of arsenic speciafion and to estimate the effect of arsenic on glutathione(GSH)levels in the blood and liver of mice exposed to different concentrations of inorganic AsⅢ through drinking water.Methods Mice drank water containing arsenite at concentrations of iAsⅢ of 0(contr01),25,50,100 ms/L for 6 weeks.Blood and liver were sampled to asses$the levels of inorganic arsenic(iAs),monomethylarsenic acid(MMA),dimethylarsenic acid(DMA)by the method of hydride generation trapping and ultra-hypothermia coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry,and the level of GSH by the method of 5,5'-Dithio-bis (2-Nitrobenzoic acid).Results Leveh of iAs.MMA and DMA in blood and in liver increased along with the increase of iAs concentrations in drinking water.Primary methylated index(PMI)and secondary methylation index (SMI)of liver and blood were significantly higher in exposed groups than those in control group(P＜0.05).SMI of liver in 50 mg/L exposed group[(50.45±2.94)%]was significantly higher than those in 25 mg/L and 100 mg/Lgroups[(41.68±7.09)%and(41.19±8.87)%,respectively],the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The ratio of iAs.MMA and DMA in blood and liver in exposed group were 2:3:5 and 4:3:3,the percentage of level of organic arsenic(MMA+DMA)were 80%and 60%.GSH in blood and liver in exposed group decreased along with iAs concentrations in drinking water and had significant differences compared with those in control group (P＜0.05).However,levels of GSH in liver and blood did not differ significantly between exposed groups and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusions Membolism of iAs in liver is maximized when the iAs concentrations in drinking water increases to a certain level.However,the percentage of arsenic speciation in blood is different from that in liver,suggesting that other organs and tissues may be capable of methylation of inorganic arsenic.The level of GSH in liver and blood in mice is a good mark tO reflect the toxicity of arsenic.

Objective To develop europium (Ⅲ) [Eu (Ⅲ)] chelated microparticles for homogeneous immunoassay.Methods Anti-human PCT antibodies were labeled with Eu (Ⅲ) chelated nanoscale microparticles as the detection antibody,and another anti-human PCT antibody was labeled with biotin as the solid-phase antibody.Magnetic microspheres labeled with streptavidin were used to separate the complexes of Eu-IgM-PCT-IgM-Biotin.Results In the homogeneous immunoassay,the standard curve fit was not linear.The quadratic curve was Y =19170.12 + 75493.74X-26.00X2(r =0.9986).According to the standard curve,the limit of detection for PCT was 0.04 ng/ml.Conclusion The homogeneous immunoassay which uses Eu (Ⅲ) chelated microparticles is highly sensitive for detection of PCT recombinant antigens and may serve as a promising method to measure serum PCT levels in the future.

Objective To examine the in vivo visual imaging of buccal carcinoma with the nearinfrared fluorescent quantum dots. Methods The U14 cells were labeled by endocytosis with QD800 (U14/QD800) which was linked with cell-penetrating peptide. Different number of U14/QD800 was injected under the buccal mucosa of nude mice and Kunming mice separately and imaged at different time to detect the in vivo sensitivity and dynamic imaging of U14/QD800. Results The minimum number of U14/QD800 cells which could be detected by in vivo imaging system was 1 × 104 in nude mice's cheek and 1 × 105 in Kunming mice's. The time for visual imaging of 1 × 104, 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 U14/QD800 cells in nude mice was 3, 7 and 16 d separately, and 3 and 10 d separately in Kunming mice. Conclusions Due to its strong tissue penetration, near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots have great prospects in cancer early diagnosis, visual observation and individual treatment.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of nifedipine controlled-release tablets and felodipine sustained release tablets in the treatment of elderly isolated systolic hypertension.Methods A total of 76 elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 38 cases per group.Control group was given felodipine sustained release tablets 5 rag,qd,oral.Treatment group was given nifedipine controlled-release tablets 30 mg,qd,oral.Two groups were treated for 6 weeks.The clinical efficacy,blood pressure and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment and control groups were 92.11％ (35/38 cases) and 73.68％ (28/38 cases).The systolic blood pressure in treatment and control groups were (129.28 ± 13.02),(136.35 ± 14.09) mmHg,with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were dizziness and edema,which in control group were dizziness,edema and rash.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 5.26％ and 7.89％,without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Nifedipine controlled-release tablets had a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly,which are better than felodipine sustained release tablets,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of gamma knife radiosurgery for residual tumors after surgical resection of hemangioblastoma in children. Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 9 children who received gamma knife radiosurgery for the residual tumors after a previous surgery for hemangioblastoma resection. Results The 9 children were followed up for 12-48 months, and 6 children showed a tumor volume reduction by over 50% with obviously improved clinical symptoms. One child showed no response to the treatment and received a second gamma knife radiosurgery. In 2 children, the tumor volume increased progressively after the radiosurgery, and a second radiosurgery was performed in 1 case and open surgery in the other. Conclusion Gamma knife radiosurgery is safe and effective for treatment of the residual tumors in children with previous surgical resection of hemangioblastoma.

Objective To summarize our experience with intraoperative neural electrophysiological monitoring during spinal cord surgery. Methods The clinical data of 11 patients undergoing spinal cord surgery with intraoperative neural electrophysioiogical monitoring were retrospectively reviewed, and the monitoring was performed by recording the motor-evoked potential (MEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and evoked electromyography (EMG). Results Subtotal resection of the intramedullary cystic lesion was performed in 1 case and partial resection of the intramedullary tumor in another. In 9 cases of tethered spinal cord syndrome, obvious improvement was obtained in 8 cases, and the other 1 case showed no obvious changes in the symptoms after the operation. In all the 11 cases, the spinal cord remained intact and its function was totally preserved without damage of the eonus medullaris or the cauda equine. Conclusion Combined monitoring of MEP, SEP, and evoked EMG during spinal cord surgery is useful for protecting the spinal cord and the nerves roots, and may enhance the detection of the tethered tissue and ensure better safety of operations.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of local LINGO-1 polyclonal antibody administration for treatment of spinal cord injury in adult rats. Methods Twenty-four adult female SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, rabbit IgG group and LINGO-1 antibody group. In the latter two groups, partial transaction of the T9 segment of the spinal cord was performed to completely sever the dorsal eorticospinal tract, followed immediately by administration of rabbit IgG and anti-LINGO polyclonal antibody via a mini-osmotic pump, respectively. At 3 and 28 days after the operation, the T8～10 segments of the spinal cord were harvested to prepare cryosections, and immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the penetration of LINGO-1 polyclonal antibody into the spinal cord tissue and its specific binding to LINGO-1 molecules. Results In LINGO-1 antibody group, the presence of rabbit antibodies was detected at the injured sites of the spinal cord at 3 and 28 days after the operation. The mean immunofluorescence density was significantly lower in L1NGO-1 antibody group than in rabbit IgG group at 3 days after the operation (P<0.05). In rabbit IgG group, the mean immunofluorescence density for LINGO-1 in the crysections pre-treated with LINGO-1 polyclonal antibody was significantly lower than that in sections pre-treated with rabbit IgG(P<0.05). Conclusion Locally administered LINGO-1 polyclonal antibody can penetrate into the injured sites in the spinal cord in a wide time window and recognizes LINGO-1 molecule specifically, suggesting the feasibility of passive immunotherapy for spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the status quo of smoking cessation and analyze factors influencing smoking cessation in cigarette smoking patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Method A total of 350 smoking patients with CAD was surveyed by questionnaire,logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing smoking cessation.Results Incidence of smoking cessation was 57.1%(200/350)in this cohort.Patients were divided into two groups,the elderlv(>65 years old,n=111)and the young group(≤65 years old,n=239).The smoking cessation rate in the elderlv group is significantly higher than in the young group(71.2%vs.50.6%,P<0.001).Aged patients and patients with high cultural level are easier to give up smoking.Logistic analysis showed that age≤65 years old (OR=2.336,P=0.004),low cultural level(OR=1.310,P=0.028),PCI(OR=0.261.P<0.001).coronary artery bypass graft(OR=0.107,P=0.004),total family income>4000 RMB/month (OR=1.828,P=0.003)are risk factors for failed smoking cessation.There are 76 patients smoking again in current smokers,most due to lack of self-control(76.3%).Compared to the elderly group,there is a higher proportion of smoking again due to the need of daily communication and work in the young group.Conclusions We still need to raise the awareness of smoking cessation for smoking patients with CAD.Following factors should be focused for tobacco control in CAD patients:younger age,lower cuItural level,not treated with PCI or CABG,patients with smoking family members.higher body mass index and higher total family income.

Objective To explore the health-related quality of life(QOL)status of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods Sixty four patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their QOL scores were assessed by using SF-36 questionnaire(Chinese version)and SNOT-22 questionnaire translated into Chinese. Results The feasibility, reliability,validity,and responsibility of Chinese version of SNOT-22 questionnaire all passed the test. It showed that by Chinese version of SNOT-22 questionnaire the most five important items affecting health status were nasal obstruction,runny nose,loss of smell or taste,dizziness and post-nasal discharge respectively. The coefficient of correlation was 0.233 between the SNOT-22 questionnaire and the Lund-MacKay CT score of Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Conclusions Chinese version of SNOT-22 questionnaire can effectively assess the QOL status of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. It showed less correlation between the SNOT-22 questionnaire and the Lund-MacKay CT score of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.