Congenital hydronephrosis is a common disease in children,causes and pathogenesis re-mains unclear.Hydronephrosis formation process is a slow and gradual development to the dynamic process of renal fibrosis.It involves a variety of cells,cytokines and ECM,more than aspects of interaction and mu-tual adjustment.The study found abroad that CTGF is closely related to the formation of congenital hydrone-phrosis.This article reviews the recent progress made CTGF relationship with congenital hydronephrosis formed on.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and choices of management of neonatal testicular torsion (NTF).Methods Between January 2013 and December 2015,the clinical data of 7 cases of neonatal testicular torsion who were confirmed by surgery and pathological examination in the department of pediatric surgery of our hospital was retrospectively reviewed.Of the 7 NTTs (4 in right,2 in left and 1 in both sides),the median age and onset time of NNTs was 3 d (1-21 d) and 1 d (1-21 d),respectively.The presentation of NTTs included swelling of scrotum,scrotal mass and discoloration of scrotum.Features of ultrasonography included enlargement of testicular volume,echo heterogenicity or enhancement of testis,and decreased or disappeared testicular blood flow.Results All NTTs were performed by surgery and confirmed by pathological examination.In the operation,5 patients with extravaginal torsion (1 bilateral) and 2 with intravaginal torsion were detected.The degree of twisted testis was from 270° to 720°(average 438.8°) and resection rate for necrosis testis was 87.5％ (7/8).The median time of follow-up was 12 months (3-36 months),and none of testis underwent re-torsion and the findings of testicular ultrasonography was not abnormal.Conclusions The presentation of neonatal testicular torsion is non-specific.Once the scrotum shows discoloration,swelling,or enlargement of testis,testicular torsion is suspected.Urgent surgical exploration is recommended in order to make an effort to save the testis.

Coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury is a coagulation dysfunction caused by brain tissue injury, which is characterized by over activations of coagulation, fibrinolysis and anticoagulation. It is the result of the interaction of multiple factors and multiple links with complicated pathophysiology. This study reivewed the clinical features and evidence-based evidences of coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury in order to summarize and discuss the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To understand the influence factors of suicidal ideation among college students of military medical university and to provide reasonable suggestion for preventing suicide among college students.Methods:701 college students were investigated and multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the major influence factors for suicidal ideation Results:Multiple logistic regression analysis shows the major influence factors for suicidal ideation are score,depression,life events and social support.Conclusions:According to the influence factors of suicidal ideation,taking appropriate measures to prevent suicide among college students is an urgent task.

Objective To study the effect of heat treatment with sol-gel method on the surface of Ni-Cr alloy for PFM after Ti coating. Methods To establish the sol-gel method of Ti coating on the surface of Ni-Cr dental casting alloy for PFM(pre-treatment for the surface of Ni-Cr alloy,preparation of sol,coating,heat treatment) and to evaluate the color and fragmentation of 10 materials after heat treatment by ISO 10289. Results When kept at a higher condensation temperature and held for a longer time,the materials had less fragmentation.A higher agglutination temperature and a longer time made the materials look deep.When the condensation process was heat treated at(200 ℃) for 2 h and the agglutination process at 450 ℃ for 2 h,the thin film of Ti combined firmly with the surface of Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusion The procedure for heat treatment of Ti coating will affect the level of oxidation reaction on the surface of Ni-Cr alloy,and will change the level of combination between Ti and Ni-Cr alloy.

Objective To study the effect of Mutans Streptococcus(S.Mutans) on the corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr alloy. Methods S.Mutans were isolated in TSB,and then 10~(5)10~6 CFU/mL of bacterial population was reached.The self-corrosion electrical current density and the corrosion electrical current potential of Ni-Cr alloy were found from polarization curves under the condition with or without media plus S.Mutans.The surface of Ni-Cr alloy after bacterial corrosion was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) to find out different element contents.(Results)From polarization curves,it could be found that the self-corrosion electrical current density and the corrosion electrical current potential of Ni-Cr alloy without S.Mutans were 53.5 ?A/cm~(2)and-62 mV,and those with S.Mutans were 75.7 ?A/cm~(2)and-220 mV.Examination of XPS showed that besides Ni and Cr,the element of chlorine(Cl),sulphur(S),calcium(Ca) could be found on the surface of Ni-Cr alloy after bacterial corrosion.(Conclusion Because of) the metabolism of S.Mutans,an oxide film could be destroyed and a biofilm be formed on the surface of Ni-Cr alloy.Bacterial corrosion could lower the corrosion resistance performance of Ni-Cr alloy.

Objective To investigate the application and correlation of enterovirus 71(EV71)and Coxsackie virus A16(CA16)antibody screening in the hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).Methods The method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the serum antibody of EV71-IgM and CA16-IgM in 281 patients(142 male and 139 female)with HFMD.Results The positive rate of EV71-IgM antibody was 51.2％(144/281),the positive rate of CA16-IgM antibody was 32.0％(90/281).Seventeen patients(6.0％,17/281)had dual positive of EV71-IgM and CA 16-IgM antibody.The total detection rate was 77.2％(217/281).The positive rate of EV71-IgM and CA16-IgM antibody had significant difference(x2 =21.35,P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of EV71-IgM and CA16-IgM antibody in male had significant difference compared with female[95.1％(135/142)vs.71.2％(99/139),P＜ 0.01].Conclusions At the beginning of the illness should use the joint detection of EV71-IgM and CA16-IgM antibody diagnose HFMD.It has significance in diagnosing and monitoring.

Objective To investigate the effects of nutritional support on the hypermetabolism of patients with digestive tract fistula complicated with severe abdominal infection. Methods Twenty-nine patients with digestive tract fistula complicated with severe abdominal infection were administered parenteral nutrition (PN) for 4 to 8 days, and then followed by enteral nutrition (EN) or EN + PN. The body weight, serum albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, fibronectin were monitored before and on the 10th and 28th day after nutritional support. Results The levels of serum prealbumin and fibronectin were increased significantly on the 10th day after nutritional support (t = 3.72, 3.52, P <0.01). The body weight, the levels of serum albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and fibronectin were significantly higher than those before nutritional support (t=3.97, 6.57, 7.09, 3.51, 3.58, P<0.01). Conclusion Nutritional support is effective in alleviating hypermetabolism of patients with digestive tract fistula complicated with severe abdominal infection.

Colorectal cancer remains a major threat to people’s health around the world. Researchers have paid more and more attention to colorectal cancer epigenetics. From two main aspects of colorectal cancer epigenetics: DNA methylation and histone modiifcation, this article analyzes the similarities and differences between patients with colorectal cancer in Eastern and Western countries. This review brielfy introduces epigenetic modiifcation of genes that were used to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Although there are some common features of colorectal cancer in the world, analysis has showed that some obvious epigenetic differences do exist in different races. For example, it had been conifrmed in the studies that there are differences in speciifc gene methylation, histone modiifcation sites and the degree of methylation and acetylation among countries, which provide the basis for speciifc diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer in different ethnic groups. With improved research methods and increased sample size, more and more special molecular targets of colorectal cancer tissues will be found, and then personalized therapy for colorectal cancer can be achieved.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) on blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats.Methods A lentiviral vector of shRNA targeting rat GPR91 and scrambled shRNA were constructed.Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected in this study.The 60 rats were randomized into 4 groups and treated as follows:(1) control group (Group A,n=15),the rats received injections of an equal volume of 0.1％ citrate buffer;(2) streptozocin (STZ) group (Group B,n=15),the rats received injections of STZ;(3) LV.shScrambled group (Group C,n=15),diabetic rats received an intravitreal injection of 1 μl 1 × 10s TU/ml scrambled shRNA lentiviral particles at 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes;(4) LV.shGPRg1 group (Group D,n=15),diabetic rats received an intravitreal injection of 1 μl 1 × 108 TU/ml pGCSIL-GFP-shGPR91 lentiviral particles.At 12 weeks after intravitreal injection,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to assess the expression of GPRg1,p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2,t-ERK1/2,p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),t-JNK,p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and t-p38 MAPK.Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Evans blue dye were used to assess the structure and function of the retinal vessel.Immunohistochemistry enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the protein level of VEGF.Results Immunohistochemistry staining showed that GPR91 was predominantly localized to the cell bodies of the ganglion cell layer.Western blot showed that GPR91 expression in Group D decreased significantly compared with Group C (F=39.31,P＜0.01).HE staining showed that the retina tissue in Group B and C developed telangiectatic vessels in the inner layer of retina,while the telangiectatic vessels attenuated in Group D.It was also demonstrated in Evans blue dye that the microvascular leakage in Group D decreased by (33.8±4.11)％ compared with Group C and there was significant difference (F =30.35,P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed the VEGF secretion of Group B and C increased compared with Group A and the VEGF expression in Group D was significantly down regulated after silencing GPR91 gene (F=253.15,P＜0.05).The results of Western blot indicated that compared with Group A,the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK and p-p38 MAPK were significantly upregulated (q=6.38,2.94,3.45;P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the activation of ERK1/2 was inhibited by GPR91 shRNA and the difference was statistically significant (F=22.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions The intravitreal injection of GPR91 shRNA attenuated the leakage of BRB in diabetic rats.GPR91 regulated the VEGF release and the leakage of BRB possibly through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.