Objective Both kidneys of mice used To investigate the surgical procedures for establishment of murine kidney transplantation models by using bilaterial donor kidneys as grafts for two recipients.Method Using Balb/c male mice as donors/receptors,through careful dissection and trimming of donor renal vessels and abdominal great vessels,both right and left kidneys were harvested and separately transplanted into two recipients.The anastomosis between the aorta and vena cava of the graft and recipient mouse was made in end to-side manner using the 10-0 sutures.The artery and vein was anastomosed by dual point 180 continuous sutures.The technique of pulling the end of graft ureter into recipient's bladder and external fixation method were used for urethral reconstruction.Five days later the recipient's kidney was removed after transplantation.Result The kidneys in 30 mice were transplanted (15 left kidneys and 15 right kidneys) and model survival rate was 76.7％ (12/15 for the left and 11/15 for the right).The average operating time of donor was 339 min and that of recipient was 46 12 min.Cold ischemia time for the first and second transplantation was about 0.5 h and 1.5 h respectively.Conclusion Through careful microsurgical operation we establish the mouse kidney transplantation models using both donor kidneys as grafts,which reduces the costs of microsurgery experiments.

Hedgehog( Hh)signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates,its excessive activation is associated with abnormal cell differentiation, over proliferation, apoptosis resistance and promotion of invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Hh signaling pathway involves in the formation and maintenance of esophageal columnar epithelium in embryonic stage,however,undetectable or barely expressed in matured esophageal squamous epithelium. Studies have shown that esophageal Hh signaling pathway can be activated by gastric acid and bile salts. Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway can cause the gradual transition of squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium and intestinal-type epithelium,ultimately induces the occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus( BE). Therefore,targeted inhibiting the Hh signaling pathway may be a new strategy for the treatment of BE. This article reviewed the advances in study on Hh signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of BE.

To analyze the prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in spinal surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was taken to the 21 cases suffered from cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery from January 1995 to May 2000.Results:Through careful treatment peri-operation,20 cases cured between 6 days and 36 days by conservative measurements,incision was applied in one case for repairing dura mater,no cerebrospinal meningitis occured;6 cases after lumbar spinal sugery had cerebrospinal fluid cysts formation after 3 months to 2 years.Conclusions:Almost all cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be cured by repairing dura mater or blocking up leakage in operation and regular conservative treatment after operation.A few cases failing to conservative treatment need reopen incision for repairing dura mater.The symptomatic and conmmunicating cerebrospinal fluid cysts can be treated by surgery.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the p27~(kip1) expression and the change of radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells.Methods Radio-resistant cells (EC9706R) were gradually isolated by means of repeated gamma-ray irradiation (6 000 cGy in total) upon human squamous esophageal carcinoma cells (EC9706).The radiosensitivity of these two types of cells was measured by standard colony formation assays,their cell cycle distribution analyzed by flow cytometry respectively,and the p27~(kip1) expression detected by immunocytochemistry.Results As compared with their parent cells,the isolated human squamous esophageal carcinoma cells(EC9706) showed clearly greater radio-resistance(for EC9706R,SF_2=65.71%,D_0=2.20 Gy,D_q=1.61 Gy,N=2.07,and for EC9706,SF_2=46.72％,D_0=1.61 Gy,D_q=0.99 Gy,N=1.85;SF_2,D_0,Dq and N were all higher).As to the cell cycle distribution,the population of G_1 phase cells in EC9706R cells was significantly decreased,but the proportion of S phase cells was significantly increased as compared with the parent cells.Immunocytochemistry revealed that the p27~(kip1) expression of EC9706R cells was clearly lower than that of EC9706 cells.Conclusion Cell phase change due to the decrease of p27~(kip1) expression may be one of the mechanisms of the generation of radio-resistance in esophageal cancer cells.

The endophytic fungi with plant growth promoting effects were screened by co-culture of each endophytic fungus and seedlings of Dendrobium officinale. Anatomical features of the inoculated roots were studied by paraffin sectioning. Morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 sequences were applied for the taxonomy of endophytic fungi. The results showed that 8 strains inoculated to D. officinale seedlings greatly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, new roots number and biomass. According to the anatomical features of the inoculated roots, each fungus could infect the velamina of seedlings. The hyphae or pelotons were existed in the exodermis passage cells and cortex cells. The effective fungi could not infect the endodermis and vascular bundle sheath, but which was exception for other fungi with harmful to seedlings. Combined with classic morphologic classification, 2 effective strains were identified which were subjected to Pestalotiopsis and Eurotium. Six species of fungi without conidiophore belonged to Pyrenochaeta, Coprinellus, Pholiota, Alternaria, Helotiales, which were identified by sequencing the PCR-amplified rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 regions. The co-culture technology of effective endophytic fungi and plant can apply to cultivate the seedlings of D. officinale. It is feasible to shorten growth cycle of D. officinale and increase the resource of Chinese herbs.
Biomass ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Hyphae ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Seedlings ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Species Specificity

To study the protective effects and the mechanism of drugs on apoptosic neural cells after spinal cord injury and the mechanism of their effects on severe degree compression injury to the lower thoracic spinal cord (T 8.9). Rats were divided into four groups randomly . The first group of rats were treated with saline solution(20?l) intrathecally after injury, the second group with cyceoheximide (CH)(30?g/20?l) intrathecally, the third group with monosialicganglioside(GM)(100?g/20?l),and the fourth group methylprednisolone(MP)(30mg/kg). The changes in weight, spinal cord blood flow(SCBF), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL),neurological function and quantitative histological changes were observed.The results indicated that drugs had little effects on the SCBF. But drugs could improve the neurological function and area of spared normal tissue, and obviously reduce the number of TUNEL-positive cells. The results suggested that drugs had neuroprotective effects on the injuried spinal cord. The mechanism of the beneficial effects might be a reduction in neuronal cells apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Methods Fifty-six uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) were involved in this self-controlled study. The patients were observed for one month to evaluate the status of oxidative stress and then divided into two groups randomly. Group A patients (n=28) received 200mg/d of vitamin E and Group B patients (n=28) were treated with 400mg/d of vitamin E. Vitamin E was supplied for one month in both groups. The serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured at the initial and the end of vitamin E supplementation respectively. Results Serum levels of AOPP and MDA were significantly higher in HD patients compared with healthy controls (n=56, P

BACKGROUND:The new technique of spinal nonfusion is used for intervention of early spinal diseases. It can protect the spine motion function and treat the patients either. The interspinous U titanium alloy belongs to the new technique of spinal nonfusion. And this investigation will be a hot spot in the spinal nonfusion technique. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical mechanical property of spinal nonfusion interspinous U titanium alloy. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Comparative observation. All patients were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics of Changhai Hospital between June 2006 and December 2007. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 28 patients with degenerative intervertebral disk protrusion and dynamic spinal stenosis,including 23 male and 5 female aged 41 to 58 years old. METHODS:All patients were randomly divided into two groups:intervertebral disectomy alone (n=20):affected segments were removed; implantation group (n=8):affected segments were removed and interspinous U titanium alloy was implanted following interspinous ligament. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The height of the intervertebral space and vertebral canal area of the affected segment as well as JOA scores for lumbar vertebra postoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS:All 28 patients were included in the final analysis. The height of the intervertebral space and vertebral canal area of the affected segment in implantation group were significantly increased compared with intervertebral disectomy alone group (P

砄bjective:To investigate the effects of salivary statherin on adherence of two kinds of main cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Human whole salivary statherin was separated and purified by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) and was further identified by SDS PAGE electrophoresis and amino acid analysis.Then the adherence of Streptococcus mutans ( S.mutans serotype c,7H) and Sreptococcus sanguis (S.sanguis ,ATCC 10557)to hydroxyapatite (HA), which was covered with purified statherin or whole saliva (positive control) or PBS buffer (negative control) as experimental pellicles respectively,was studied by bacteria counting.Results:①More S.sanguis adhered to the experimental pellicles than S.mutans ( P

Hyoscyamine 6 beta-hydroxylase (H6H) is the last rate-limiting enzyme directly catalyzing the formation of scopolamine in tropane alkaloids (TAs) biosynthesis pathway. It is the primary target gene in the genetic modification of TAs metabolic pathway. Full-length cDNA and gDNA sequences of a novel H6H gene were cloned from Datura arborea (DaH6H, GenBank accession numbers for cDNA and gDNA are KR006981 and KR006983, respectively). Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals an open reading frame of 1375 bp encoding 347 amino acids in the cDNA of DaH6H, while the gDNA of DaH6H contains four exons and three introns, with the highest similarity to the gDNA of H6H from D. stramonium. DaH6H also exhibited the most identity of 90.5% with DsH6H in amino acids and harbored conserved 2-oxoglutarate binding motif and two iron binding motifs. The expression level of DaH6H was highest in the mature leaf, followed by the secondary root, and with no expression in the primary root based on qPCR analysis. Its expression was inhibited by MeJA. DaH6H was expressed in E. coli and a 39 kD recombinant protein was detected in SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the contents of scopolamine and hyoscyamine in various TAs-producing plants revealed that D. arborea was one of the rare scopolamine predominant plants. Cloning of DaH6H gene will allow more research in the molecular regulatory mechanism of TAs biosynthesis in distinct plants and provide a new candidate gene for scopolamine metabolic engineering.