Tag, similar to a keyword and belonging to a non-controlled term, is a marking language, and can be freely marked by its users, thus playing a role in organization of information resources.Social tagging, a tag created by network users and added to the resources they concerned, has become one of the important methods for the network information resources organizing system to organize and mange resources.Suggestions were thus put forward in this paper for improving the information retrieval function of future social tagging system by comparing its 3 functions and assessing its efficiency.

Because of the rapid action and high bioavailability, traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) had been widely used in clinical critical field. In recent years, with the increasing reports of clinical adverse reaction, more and more attention was paid to them, and acute allergic reaction was the main adverse reaction. Acute allergic reaction included type-I anaphylaxis reaction and anaphylactoid reaction, the latter had been found in a variety of TCMIs and accounted for 77% of adverse reaction. But the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction was not completely understood, the standard animal model for TCMIs was not established, and the technical guidance for anaphylactoid reaction was not formulated. Thus the three aspects included mechanism, evaluation index and evaluation methods of TCMIs for anaphylactoid were reviewed. Five ways including direct stimulating pathway, complement pathway, coagulation pathway, kallikrein-kinin pathway and acute allergic pathway were the main mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction; whole animal model and cell model were the main evaluation methods; the occurrence index and effect index were reviewed for the evaluation index analysis.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

After the management models of chronic diseases were described and the disadvantages of traditional management model of chronic diseases and Internet + management model of chronic diseases were summarized, the whole course management-basedInternet+ management model of chronic diseases was proposed according to the studies on and the implementation of Internet + management model of chronic diseases with its connotations studied in order to better service its users.

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common injuries in orthopaedics,accounting for up to 20％ of all fractures seen in the emergency room.At present,the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial.Although most DRFs can be treated non-operatively,such as immobilized by plaster,splint or brace,surgical management has become more and more popular with people's living standards improved and expecting better functional outcome.Surgical treatments for DRFs include percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires,skeletal external fixation,open reduction and internal fixation,intramedullary nails,fixation using the mini-invasive approach,arthroscopy,and total wrist arthroplasty.Currently,open reduction with volar plate fixation is the most popular and widely way for DRFs,while a mini-invasive approach is a new reliable and reproducible procedure with few complications.Despite recently surgical treatment has become more and more popular,it is also unclear whether surgical intervention will produce better long-term outcomes.The aim of this paper is to present the studies in the literatures about the treatment for DRFs and an update of existing techniques.

Ulnar styloid fractures are commonly associated with distal radius fractures.It remains a surgical dilemma whether to fix the ulnar styloid or not.Some surgeons believe that management of the ulnar styloid fractures is imperative while others feel that they should be managed conservatively.Several clinical studies have concluded that the ulnar styloid fractures have no impact on the anatomic,radiographic,or functional results when accompanied with a distal radius fracture.Others have found they are associated with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability,concomitant triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear,decreased range of motion,or decreased grip strength in the affected wrist.The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect of associated ulnar styloid fractures on the distal radius fractures and to discuss the treatment of ulnar styloid fractures.

Objective To compare the diagnostic reliability of AO classification and Evans-Jensen classifications in X ray film and three-dimensional CT reconstruction images intertochanteric fractures, and explore advantage of the three-di?mensional CT. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 54 patients with intertochanteric fractures. Three orthopaedic surgeons were asked to make assessment of fracture classifications using X ray film and the three-dimen?sional CT images. Agreement test was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classifica?tion. Results When X ray film was used, mean Kappa values of interobserver reliability for AO and Evans-Jensen classifi?cations between three surgeons were 0.597 and 0.571, that was medium consistency. While using three-dimensional CT to AO classification, lower Kappa value was 0.411, medium consistency. Evans-Jensen classification, Kappa value was 0.704, highly consistency. Each surgeon respectively using X ray film and three-dimensional CT, the mean Kappa values of AO and Evans-Jensen classification were 0.464, medium consistency and 0.191 (0.160-0.233), weak consistency. Conclusion Both classifications based on X ray film show moderate consistency, using three-dimensional CT does not improve the consis?tency of AO classification. The three-dimensional CT is not applicable in Evans-Jensen classification.

Objective To investigate ultrasound guidended nerve block of femoral nerve in emergency operation.Methods 40 patients who planned to accept surgery of feet,lower limb under knee.They were randomly devided into 2 groups:ultrasound guidended group and the control group.Femoral nerve and Sciatic nerve were blocked by ultrasound guidended technique or classic landmark technique.1.5% lidocaine was administered for nerve block.Sensory block was observed every 5 minutes in 30 minutes.Onset time,effect of anesthesia,algesia time and complications were recorded.T-test and varience difference were applied.Results The onset time of local anesthetics was faster in the ultrasound guided group than that of the control group.Effect of analgesia was better in in the ultrasound guided group than that of the control group. Conclusion Nerve block of femoral nerve and the sciatic nerve guided by ultrasound was better than the classic technique.

Objective To explore the clinical application of microsurgical techniques to therapy the femoral neck fracture in younger patients and prevent the necrosis of femoral head.Methods Seventy-four younger adults,age from 23 to 50,with femoral neck fractures were treated by open veducition,internal fixa- tion and pedicled bone transplantation from Jan.1995 to Dec.2004.All of the 74 patients were reviewed clin- ically and radiologically after an average of 3.2 years.Results In this group,19/74 cases(25.68%)had avaseular necrosis of the femoral head,which were diagnosised after an average of 28.5 months following inju- ry.Despite these results,these patients assessment with Harris system had been very good or good in 55/74 patients(74.32%).Conclusion It's an effective method to decrease the incidence of necrosis of femoral head after management the femoral neck fracture in younger patients by microsurgical techniques.

entrate graft can block pathologic process and improve the inclusion of femoral head and increase blood circulation of femoral head, which is beneficial to its recovery.

Objective To detect the changes of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/-regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood in patients with portal hypertension and hepatitis B virus infection before and after splenectomy,and to study the effects of splenectomy on the immune function of patients with portal hypertension.Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with portal hypertension,hepatitis B virus infection and hypersplenism who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May 2012 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The dynamic levels of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/ Treg cells in the peripheral blood of the 20 patients (portal hypertension group) at 1 day before splenectomy and at postoperative week 1,month 1 and month 3 were detected by flow cytometry,and the dynamic levels of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/ Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 10healthy individuals (control group) from the same hospital were also detected by flow cytometry.The effects of changes of Treg cells on the immune function were analyzed.All data were analyzed using the t test or repeated measures analysis of variance.Results The proportions of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/-Treg cells before operation were 5.1％ ± 3.5％ in the portal hypertension group and 1.4％ ± 0.2％ in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.573,P ＜ 0.05).The proportions of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/ Treg cells in the portal hypertension group at postoperative week 1,month 1 and month 3 were 9.2％ ±2.7％,5.6％ ± 1.7％and 2.5％± 2.1％,respectively.There was significant difference in the proportion of CD4+ CD25 + CD127low/-Treg cells between postoperative week 1 and that before operation (F =9.814,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low/-Treg cells between postoperative month 3 and that before operation (F =2.364,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The proportion of Treg cells increases in a short period after splenectomy,and then it decreases as time passed by,which indicates that splenectomy has slight influence on the immune system from the perspective of Treg cells.