objective: To develop an accurate, reliable and efficient carotid artery compression training device .Methods:Adopting present technology for production of skin dilators in combination with anatomical characters of human carotid artery, an implantable carotid artery training occluder (ICATO) was designed and manufactured. The mechanical properties were tested and the carotid artery occlude effect was investigated in 12 dogs. Results: The expansion stress of the water cyst and duct of the occluder was 40 kPa, that of the water imput valve 30 kPa,tear stress of the nylon cloth was 5 kg. The carotid artery could be completely blocked at the pressure of 19 kPa produced by the occluder. Conclusion: ICATO can obstruct carotid artery for the purpose of compression training of carotid artery.

Objective To evaluate the cerebrovascular reserve(CVR) in patients of ischemic stroke with cerebrovascular stenosis by Xenon-enhanced CT. Methods Twenty subjects of ischemic stroke with cerebrovascular stenosis were recruited. All subjects were examined by Xenon-enhanced CT before and after acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge test to quantitatively measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and CVR. Results We compared the rCBF in the corresponding region supplied with stenosed artery (divided manually) with that in the region of normal side. There was no significant difference in resting rCBF but in CVR [ipsilateral side vs. normal side ( 5.9 ± 24. 3 ) % vs ( 25.9 ± 32. 6 ) % , P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion Impaired CVR is an important character of the patients with cerebrovascular stenosis suffered from ischemic stroke.

Congenital hydronephrosis is a common disease in children,causes and pathogenesis re-mains unclear.Hydronephrosis formation process is a slow and gradual development to the dynamic process of renal fibrosis.It involves a variety of cells,cytokines and ECM,more than aspects of interaction and mu-tual adjustment.The study found abroad that CTGF is closely related to the formation of congenital hydrone-phrosis.This article reviews the recent progress made CTGF relationship with congenital hydronephrosis formed on.

Methionine dependence is one of characteristic metabolism deficiency in cancer cells.Recently a series of researches focusing on key enzymes of methionine metabolism demonstrated that several molecular events might relate with cancer cell methionine dependence(i.e.,methionine synthasesingle nucleotide polymorphism,methythioadenosine phophorylasegene deletion,down regulation of thymidylate synthase translation;up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase expression).Cell apoptosis induced by intracellular signal transduction dysfunction might be another potential mechanism.

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 specifically binds phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro protein motifs and catalyzes the cis/trans isomerization of the peptide bond,changes the conformation and influences the stability and activity of the substrates.To date,a subset of proteins has been identified as substrates for Pin1.Pin1 interacts with its substrates and plays crucial roles in cell cycle,neural pathology and immune response.Accumulating studies have revealed that Pin1 isomerase activity is regulated by its post-translational modifications,including phosphorylation and oxidation.Over-expression or regulative imbalance of Pin1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of human diseases such as cancer and AD.

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is the major etiology of non-A,non-B hepatitis.At present,neither a vaccine nor any effective therapy is available.Multi-epitope DNA vaccine(minigenes/epigenes)is a novel nucleic acid vaccine which can induces high effective cellular and humoral immune responses and has good perspective in clearing Hepatitis C virus through screening and assembling optimal antigen epitope genes(T cell、B cell epitope included).It is advanced in covering more HCV subtypes,inducing comprehensive anti-HCV immune responses and reducing the negative influence caused by irrelevant,disturbing and suppressive sequence as far as possible through selecting the most potential protective epitopes in DNA vaccine design.The recent research progress on HCV compound multi-epitope DNA vaccine and future prospects were reviewed.

Abstract: There were more and more patients suffered from perianal abscess. The patient's condition will become even worse if the patients cannot be treated properly. Selecting proper operation method according to special condition is the key point of increasing curative effect, decreasing suffering and relapse rate and promoting quality of life of patients. The authors summarized operation methods, including abscess incision drainage, radical incision and thread-drawing, and staging incision and thread-drawing, etc. in treating perianal abscess in clinic.

Objective To compare two assay methods, namely immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in the detection of Her-2/neu status in mammary cancer tissues. Methods In 20 samples IHC technique was applied to detect the Her-2 protein in the cytomembrane of mammary cancer, and FISH was used to assess the amplification of Her-2/neu gene, and SPSS 10.0 software was employed to analyze the relationship between the two methods. Results The coincident rate of two methods was 85%, therefore there was a significant positive correlation between the two techniques (?~2=80.00, P=0.00). Conclusion The two assay methods, IHC and FISH showed a good coincidence in the detection of Her-2/neu status in mammary cancer tissues.

Objective To investigate the correlation of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors(KIR)gene polymorphism with bone marrow failure syndromes(BMFS). Methods SSP-PCR was used to examine the genotypic makeup of KIR in patients with aplastic anemia( AA), myelodysplatic syndrome (MDS) and healthy controls in our department. Results All the 16 KIR genes which had been prescribed were identified. The frequencies of KIR-2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS5 and 3DS1 genes were showed increased in patients with AA, MDS than in healthy controls. The patients with AA had lower frequency of KIR-2DS5 than the patients with MDS. Conclusion The increased frequencies of these activated KiRs in patients with MDS and AA suggest that the abnormal immunogenetic might be related to the pathogenesis of BMFS.

Objective To investigate the effect of low intensity microwave electromagnetic fields (EMF) on energy metabolism of cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. Methods The cultured neurons were exposed to low intensity 900 MHz continuous microwave EMF (SAR=0.38-3.22 mW/g) 2 hours a day for 4 to 6 consecutive days. The activity of cytochrome oxidase(CCO) was taken as the index for energy metabolism level. Results The results of cytochemistry showed that compared to the sham-exposed, a significant decrease of cytochrome oxidase activity in exposed neurons(0.38-3.22 mW/g P