Objective To analyze the histological changes of bone diseases and to investigate the noninvasive measurements for diagnosing renal osteodystrophy (ROD) in maintenance dialysis patients . Methods Ninety-one patients were selected to receive bone biopsy . The bone samples were stained with HE, toluidine blue and Masson, and were examined with light microscopy . The levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG),sRANKL and osteocalcin (OCN) were determined in the patients enrolled from 2004 to 2006 . The level of iPTH was measured by radioimmunoassay . OPG and sRANKL were measured by ELISA,and OCN was measured by chemiluminescence . Results The incidence of ROD in the maintenance patients was 100% . According to the histological appearance, 50 cases (54 .9%) were high turnover bone disease (secondary hyperparathyroid bone disease), 9 cases (9 .9%) were low turnover bone diseases(osteomalacia and adynamic bone disease), and 32 cases(35 .2% ) were mixed bone disease . The level of iPTH in patients with ROD was significantly increased compared with healthy controls . It was the lowest in low turnover bone diseases . There was no difference among three types of ROD . OPG level was significantly increased compared with healthy controls [(2176 .58±1576 .08) pmol/L vs (1310 .46±1254 .00) pmol/L, P＜0 .05] . The level in high turnover bone diseases was higher than that of the healthy controls [(2261 .85±1712 .22) pmol/L vs (1310 .46±1254 .00) pmol/L, P＜0 .05] . There was no difference among three types of ROD .sRANKL level in high turnover bone disease was significantly increased compared with healthy controls [(0 .328±0 .524)pmol/L vs (0 .084±0 .190) pmol/L, P＜0 .05] . OCN level was also higher than that of the healthy controls (P＜0 .05), and the OCN level in low turnover ROD was the lowest among three types of ROD . OCN level in mixed ROD was dramatically increased as compared to low turnover ROD [(226 .633±66 .455) pmol/L vs (193 .03±104 .269) pmol/L, P ＜0 .05] .Conclusions The histological changes of bone disease can be indicated by iPTH level, but the types of ROD can not be distinguished according to iPTH level neither be differentiated by the levels of OPG, sRANKL and OCN . Bone histomorphometry is still the golden standard for diagnosing renal osteodystrophy .

Objective To investigate the real experiences of nurses participating in the treatment of patients with new respiratory infectious diseases. Method The semi-structural interview method was used to carry out in-depth interviews with 8 nurses who were involved in the whole process of treatments and cares of patients with SARS and H1N1 influenza to understand their real experiences. Result The nurses, who participated in the treatment and care to patients with new respiratory infectious diseases, experienced such emotions of nervousness, excitement, anxiety, fear, exhaustion, obtained support from their families, hospitals, society and meanwhile recognized their lack of professional knowledge and clinical skills. Conclusion The nurses participating in the treatment of patients with new respiratory infectious diseases should be given strengthened professional training , psychological and social support.

Objective To continue to study if there is any other pathogenic gene expression related to Th1/Th2 abnormal differentiation,based on the author′s previous results,which have shown that Th1/Th2 unbalance is due to the cytokines and cytokine receptors of differentiation.Methods TaqMan Real time PCR was used to detect the gene expression of Th1/Th2 control in recent onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients ( n =38).The genes include I?B,IRF 1,STAT4,GATA3,IL 4R and the others such as CCR1,CCR2,CCR4,CCR5,caepase 1 and CD38,which participate in inflammation,cell apoptosis and so on.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients ( n =50) and normal people ( n =28) were control groups.Results ① Resent onset SLE patients comparing to normal people:STAT4 expression in IL 2/IL 12R ? 2/STAT4 access which induced Th1 differentiation increased significantly ( P 0 05) ;GATA3 expression which induced Th2 differentiation in IL 4/IL 4R/GATA3 access decreased significantly ( P

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris.

METHODTo separate the constituents of P. vulgaris by using various kinds of chromatography and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the spikes of P. vulgaris. Their structures were established as autantiamide acetate (1), rhein (2), tanshinone I (3), danshensu (4), stigmast-7, 22-dien-3-one (5), 3, 4, alpha-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate (6), butyl rosmarinate (7).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Amides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lactates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunella ; chemistry

Objective To explore the distribution of pathogenic micro-organisms in the diabetic patients with foot infection,and to investigate the characteristics of the pathogen distribution and its relationship with the severity of diabetic foot ulcer( DFU ).Methods Ninety diabetic foot patients with positive culture of micro-organisms were classified into Wagner 1-5 grades according to the severity of DFU,which was ranked as mild,moderate,and severe infection based on the gradient of infection.The family,genus,and strain of micro-organisms were analyzed,and associated factors were discussed in regard to the kinds and severity of DFU and infection.Results With rising Wagner's grades and aggravating infection,the bacterial floras were transformed from gram-positive cocci( 61.1％ in Wagner 1 ) to gram-negative rods( 80.0％ in Wagner 5),at the same time,composite( 10.0％ to 28.6％ ) and opportunist ( 83.3％ to 100％ ) infections were increased.Wagner's grade,severity of infection,previous treatment,patients' age,control of blood glucose,course of DFU,etc,were all related to types of infection and opportunist infection ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions Proportion of gram-negative bacilli with opportunist composite infection seems to increase in patients with severe DFU and severe infection requiring appropriate application of antibiotics.

Objective To study the changes of hearing function and cochlear morphology on diffuse brain in-jury model in rat .Methods One hundred and fifty SD rats with normal hearing were randomly divided into five groups ,each group consisted of 30 SD rats ,including a control group and four experimental groups which endured diffuse brain injury(DBI) from one to four weeks .Diffuse brain injury model of rats were established ,then ABR , 40 Hz AERP and ASSR examination ,light microscopy ,electron microscopy were used to evaluate the change of hearing function and morphology .Results The difference of ABR ,40 Hz AERP and ASSR thresholds between the experimental and the normal control group were significant (P<0 .05) .The thresholds of ABR ,40HzAERP and AS-SR were increased in the first week of DBI ,then the threshold continuously increased in the second and third week , at last the threshold decreased in the fourth week .The results under scaning electron microscope demonstrated that the ciliums of the majority of outer hair cells lodged in the first week of DBI .The results under transmission electron microscope showed that in the first week of DBI ,there were edema and denuration of mitochondrial ,mitochondrial cristaes were obscured or disappeared .The changes were deteriorate in the second and third week ,whereas the changes were mitigatal in the fourth week .Conclusion Cochlear morphology and hearing damage were observed in diffuse brain injury model of rats .

Objective To study CD35on erythrocytes and erythrocyte chemokine recepter(ECKR)in patients with psoriasis in order to explore red blood cell(RBC)innate immune function and its possible role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods The rapid natural immune reaction on cancer cells was measured with RBCs isolated from fresh blood.Expression of CD35on erythrocytes was detected by flow cy-tometry.The level of IL-8,which was bound to isolated erythrocytes,was measured by enzyme linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA)in the supernatant after centrifugation,which represented ECKR binding activity.Results Rosette formation rates of RBC adhering to cancer cells and expression of CD35on RBCs were significantly higher in psoriatic patients than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo present 4 cases of hemophilic pseudotumor and to investigate the treatment outcome.

METHODSFour cases of hemophilic pseudotumor were reviewed. The patients were treated by internal medicine combined with surgery and followed up for two years. The feature and diagnosis of the disease were analyzed and the treatment outcome was evaluated.

RESULTSAll of the 4 cases were misdiagnosed with a history of bleeding before operation. One patient was bleeding after biopsy without replacement therapy. One patient was presented with gingival bleeding and anaemia. The final diagnosis of hemophilia A in all the 4 cases was confirmed by the blood test (VIII deficiency). After infusion of factor VIII, operation was performed on all cases. There was no recurrence after two years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSIt should be aware of the rarely encountered disease which is prone to be misdiagnosed. Under factor-deficient replacement therapy, surgical management is the most effective way in preventing from bleeding and avoiding progressive expanding of pseudotumor.

Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Hematoma ; surgery ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo access the effect of wireless biofeedback therapy on bruxism.

METHODSTen voluntary bruxers (seven female and three male, mean age 26.1 years) were invited to participate in this clinical research. An electric resistance strain gauge was embedded in the position of canine of a maxillary splint for monitoring the abnormal clenching or grinding movement of teeth during sleep. The relevant details of bruxism events, including value of relative force, occurring time and duration were recorded and analyzed by the receiver device and monitoring program respectively. Meanwhile, for the purpose of nerve system and muscle relaxation, a watch-style device around the patient's wrist will vibrate to alert the patient of teeth grinding or clenching if the value of biting force and duration exceed the threshold. Total average episodes of bruxism and duration was observed during eight hours sleep, and was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance in SPSS 19.0 by the end of 6th week and three months following biofeedback therapy.

RESULTSThe average episodes of bruxism has declined dramatically from (9.8 ± 2.2) times to (3.0 ± 1.2) times during one night (P < 0.05), and the average duration of bruxism events was reduced from (20.7 ± 12.2) s to (10.0 ± 3.4) s (P < 0.05) after six weeks biofeedback therapy. By the end of three months, the average episodes declined to (2.9 ± 1.2) times (P < 0.05), and the average duration decline to (9.2 ± 2.9) s (P < 0.05) with contrast to preliminary night.

CONCLUSIONSThe pressure-based wireless biofeedback device is able to monitoring clenching and grinding of bruxism. The results suggest that biofeedback therapy may be an effective, novel and convenient measure for treatment of bruxism according to several months therapy.

Adult ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occlusal Splints ; Sleep Bruxism ; therapy ; Young Adult

A new sesquiterpene hydroquinone (1) was isolated from a deep sea sediment derived fungus, Phialocephala sp.. Its structure and stereochemistry were established on the basis of spectroscopic data and optical rotation. This compound was tested for cytotoxicity against P388 (murine leukemia cell) and K562 (human leukemia cell) cell lines, and displayed strong cytotoxic effects with IC50 value of 0.16 and 0.05 micromol x L(-1), separately.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ascomycota ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia P388 ; pathology ; Mice ; Molecular Structure