ASCT2 is a Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter in brush-border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.The activity accounts for the majority of intestinal luminal neutral amino acid absorption,such as alanine,serine,cysteine,threonine,glutamine,asparagine and so on.The study about molecular and functional characteristics of ASCT2 will help to the understanding of bowel function,and offer the potential for developing new treatments for short bowel syndrome and other bowel dysfunction conditions.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; classification ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate the effect of live Lactobacillus acidophilus on Caco-2 cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.Methods Caco-2 cells were cultured for 2 h with live Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 1950103-12 and examined by reverse transcription-PCR for IL-6 and TNF-α induced IL-8 expression.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate secreted IL-6 and IL-8.Results Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 1950103-12 had no ecffect on the mRNA expression and production of IL-6 and IL-8 in the Caco-2 cells.A significant mRNA expression and production of IL-6 and IL-8 by the Caco-2 cells were detected after exposure to TNF-α.Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 1950103-12 down-regulated IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and inhibited constitutive synthesis by Caco-2 cells of IL-6 and IL-8 that induced by TNF-α.Conclusion Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 1950103-12 has potent direct anti-inflammatory activity on human epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVETo determine the recognition of healthy medical students on deqi after acupuncture, reveal the qualitative and quantitative rules of deqi and understand whether these rules are the factors of the clinical application of acupuncture therapy.

METHODSThe class questionnaires were used for the investigation study on the understanding of deqi after acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) or Zusanli (ST 36) in 86 healthy students in the clinical medicine class.

RESULTS(1) Deqi was a kind of complicated compound feelings, with many sensation qualities such as distending pain, distension and pain. (2) Deqi was a kind of mild and moderate sensations. In 10-score credit sys tem of Massachusetts General Hospital acupuncture sensation scale (MASS), the scores of distending pain (4.69 +/- 2.83), distension (4.39 +/- 2.91) and soreness and distension (3.93 +/- 2.93) were around 5 (moderate degree), the scores of stabbing pain (1.89 +/- 2.02) were around 2 (mild degree). (3) The differences in the quantitative scores were significant for stabbing pain, distending pain, distention, soreness and distention and the others before and after treatment (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDeqi of acupuncture is the mild and moderate complicated sensations manifested as distension, soreness, pain and numbness. As the invasive therapy, the filiform needle puncture will bring a certain psychological impacts on the receptors. The subjective sensation is possibly the factor for the patients' selection of acupuncture treatment.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Needles ; Qi ; Schools, Medical ; Sensation ; Young Adult

Objective To elucidate the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells(DCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and to explore the correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistent infection and TLR3 expression. Methods Sixty CHB patients (CHB group) and 20 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and CD14~+ monocytes were sorted by immunomagnetic beads. Immature DCs (imDC) were induced and proliferated in vitro and mature DCs (mDC) were obtained after the poly I:C stimulation. The expression of intracellular TLR3 mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and surface markers [CD80 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR] were determined by flow cytometry after 48 h of stimulation. The comparison of quantitative data was done using t test. The qualitative data were compared using chi-square test.Results The mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of intracellular TLR3 of imDC before poly I:C stimulation in CHB group and control group were 1212.05 ± 250.80 and 1192.95 ± 301.40,respectively, which were not significantly different (t = 0. 280, P>0. 05). While after stimulation,those were 1352.98± 313.67 and 1593. 00± 349. 65, respectively, the latter was significantly higher than the former (t = 2. 880, P<0. 05). The levels of TLR3 mRNA inside mDCs in both groups were increased after poly I:C stimulation, which were 0. 1204 ±0.0267 and 0. 1780 ± 0.0664, respectively in CHB group and control group, and that in control group was significantly higher (t = 3. 909, P<0.05). Furtherly, patients in CHB group were divided into HBeAg(+ ) and HBeAg( -) subgroups.After stimulation, the MFI and mRNA of TLR3 inside mDC were greatly elevated in both subgroups,but there were no difference between these two subgroups (t = 0. 366, P>0. 05). Conclusions The intracellular expressions of TLR3 in mDC in CHB group and control group are obviously increased after the poly I:C stimulation, but the increased level in CHB group is lower than that in control group. The results suggest that the insufficiency of TLR3 synthesis may be related to the HBVpersistent infection.

Objective To detect the expression of type Ⅰ interferon in monocyte-derived dendritic cells(MoDCs)after Toll like receptor(TLR)3 triggered in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),and to evaluate immune responses of CHB patients and its roles in the mechanisms of persistent infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and chronicity of hepatitis.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were isolated and purified using magnetic beads(plasma was saved simultaneously)from 26 CHB patients and 18 healthy volunteers(HV).Dendritic cells(DCs)were induced and proliferated in a culture medium with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF)and recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-4).EX3s were stimulated with Poly Ⅰ:C and the supernatants were collected at 0 h and 24 h after stimulation.Type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-α and IFN-β)in plasma and supernatants were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of type Ⅰ interferon in plasma were not significantly different in groups of HV and CH B.IFN-α and IFN-β expressions in supernatants before Poly Ⅰ:C stimulation were(80.00±16.15)ng/L,(36.39±13.90)ng/L in CHB group and(76.76±15.90)ng/L,(37.14±13.68)ng/L in HV group,respectively.And there were no statistical differences between two groups(t=1.651,t=0.178;both P＞0.05).IFN-α expressions in supernatants at 24 h after stimulation in two groups were both higher than those before stimulation(at 0 h),but there were no statistical differences(t=1.534,t=1.243;both P＞0.05).IFN-β expressions in supernatants at 24 h after stimulation in HV group was(54.57±16.80)ng/L,which was significantly higher than that at 0 h(37.14±13.68)ng/L(t=4.061,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference at 24 h than tht at 0 h in CHB group(t=1.796,P＞0.05).At 24 h after stimulation.IFN-β level was(54.57±16.80)ng/L in HV group,which was significantly higher than that[(41.64±12.57)ng/L]in CHB group(t=2.921,P＜0.05).Conclusions Functions of MoDCs from CHB patients are impaired and MoDCs could not express type Ⅰ interferon normally.Expression of type Ⅰ interferon after TLR3 triggered in CHB patients is mainly IFN-β.

Objective To establish a monitoring and evaluation indicator framework in the context of malaria elimination in pilot areas in China,so as to further assess the malaria elimination work in the future. Methods Based on the consultancy, and according to the government documents such as Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in China (2010-2020),Technical Guidance for Malaria Elimination,Programme Evaluation on Malaria Elimination,the indicators were set up at both provincial and county levels and their application was conducted in Yunnan and Anhui provinces to assess the accountability,accessibility and applicability. Results An indicator framework was built up including four key components,which were input,process, output and impact indicators,in which 95 were provincial indicators and 98 were county indicators. The completion rate of the indicators of Yunnan and Anhui provinces were 94.7%(90/95)and 95.8%(91/95)respectively;and the completion rate of in?dicators of Tengchong and Feidong counties were 93.9%(92/98)and 92.9%(91/98)respectively. Conclusion The estab?lished indicator framework is reliable and applicable,which could effectively help to track the malaria elimination progress and identify gaps.

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of orbit primary liposarcoma. METHODS: By means of histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies, the clinical and pathological features of two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were analyzed and compared with 6 cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma. RESULTS: Two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were young persons. The majority of cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma were aged over 40 years. The tumors were located at the retrobulbar region, and involved the wall of eyeball and optic nerve. The tumor cells of case 1 were round, with abundant eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, and there were lipoblasts in the tumor cells of two cases. Local recurrence following excision occurred in case 2.Immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein was positive in all cases, and CK (AE1/AE3), desmin, MyoD1, melanoma were negative. Ultrastructure observation showed lipid drops in the tumor cells in case 2 of orbit primary liposarcoma. CONCLUSION: Primary liposarcoma of the orbit may recur.The diagnosis was based on histological,ultrastruc-tural observation and immunohistochemical staining.

AIM: To survey the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for the correction of A-pattern exotropia.METHODS: The case history and surgical effect of 62 A-pattern exotropia in 1825 strabismus were studied. The superior oblique muscles weakening or the horizontal muscles procedures were performed in all patients according to the dysfunction of the superior oblique muscles, horizontal deviation, with or without binocular vision. Follow-up after surgery was 6-18months with mean duration of 9 months.RESULTS: A-pattern exotropia accounts for 3.4% of all strabismus. A-pattern exotropia accounts for 21.2% of A-V syndrome. After surgery, 52 cases got alignment, 56 cases gained A-sign correction and 54 cases recovered binocular vision.CONCLUSION: A-pattern exotropia is a common type in strabismus, its etiology is mainly oblique muscle dysfunction.Different surgical procedures should be selected according to overaction degrees of oblique muscle and binocular vision function, which can acquire the satisfied results.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for storage management of injection drugs protected from light in inpatient phar-macy of hospital. METHODS:From Jan. to Mar. 2016,the storage items of injection drugs protected from light in inpatient phar-macy of our hospital and the current storage situation were surveyed,the quality management tool PDCA circulation was adopted to improve storage situation and evaluate the effect of PDCA. RESULTS:For improper storage of injection drugs protected from light caused by employees lacking knowledge in photophobic knowledge,unfamiliar to the list of injection drugs protected from light, no packaging in returned drugs,after developing and carrying out corresponding countermeasures,including reinforcing staff train-ing,studying characteristics of the new-coming drug timely,renewal photophobic knowledge and the list of injection drugs protect-ed from light,and ameliorating working procedure,the light storage pass rate was increased from 96.5% to 100% in 310 injection drugs protected from light in inpatient pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS:Appling PDCA can effectively improve the storage management of injection drugs protected from light and provide reliable protection for the drugs'safe and effective application.