Objective To analyze the effects of health risk factors on presenteeism in enterprise employees.Methods A hospital in Jinan of Shandong province and a publishing enterprise in Beijing were selected as target settings of this cross-sectional study. Questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on demographic data,health condition and presenteeism,and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of health risk factors on labor-related presenteeism.Results Insufficient physical activity was found in 42％ percent of the participants,and those with heavy-loaded pressure,overweight or obesity,high blood pressure and unhealthy diet habit accounted for 46％,41％,40％ and 34％,respectively. Proportions of employees with presenteeism varied with age ( x2 =10.1665,P =0.0377),occupation ( x2 =35.3579,P ＜ 0.05 ) and education level ( x2 =50.5377,P ＜ 0.05 ).Female employees ( P =0.0323,OR =1.728,95％ CI 1.047 to 2.850),graduates ( P ＜ 0.05,OR =6.159,95％ CI 2.510 to 15.109),overweight or obesity individuals ( P =0.0076,OR =1.673,95％ CI 1.147 to 2.44) and adults with poor self-perception of health ( P =0.0049,OR =2.284,95％ CI 1.285 to 4.060)seemed to be more likely to be presenteeism.Conclusions Overweight or obesity and poor self-perception of health may be associated with labor-related presenteeism.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of food allergy (FA) on the development of visceralgia sensibility and the substance P (SP) expression in colon of developing rats with FA.

METHODThree-week old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each). The rats in FA group were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) 40 µg and Al(OH)3 1 mg suspension solution (0.2 ml) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on day 0, only OVA 40 µg solution i.p. on day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, respectively, and the rats were challenged by gavage with OVA solution 30 mg (2 ml) on day 20, 24, 28, 30. The rats in non-sensitized (NS) group were not challenged except handled in the same ways. The serum OVA-IgE were determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) on day 0, 30. Jejunum segments were used to observe morphological structure, the expression of eosinophils, and the density and the percentage of degranulation of mast cells (MC). The rats were appraised for the pain sensibility of intestinal tract under colorectal distension irritation by the electrophysiological method on external oblique in the 18-24 hr after the last challenge. Colons were used to analyze the expression of SP through immunohistochemical staining and computer image analyzing system.

RESULTThe serum OVA-IgE concentration and the eosinophils, mast cell, the percentage of mast cells degranulation in FA group were more than NS group (P < 0.01). The amplitudes of spike external oblique muscle of abdomen (EOMA, µV) of the FA group under the colorectal distension (CRD) pressures at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 mm Hg were (17.74 ± 0.72), (18.63 ± 1.72), (22.55 ± 1.70), (28.63 ± 7.00), (33.97 ± 7.34), (37.26 ± 8.40), and (17.43 ± 1.18), (17.27 ± 1.16), (17.73 ± 1.42), (19.55 ± 3.54), (23.29 ± 5.46), (25.20 ± 4.75) in NS group. With the CRD pressure increased, the amplitudes of spike EOMA increased significantly. There were significant differences between groups under the CRD pressures at 30, 45, 60, 75 mm Hg (F = 47.470, 13.367, 13.317, 15.390, P < 0.01). The expressions of colons SP in FA group and NS group are 247.12 ± 90.83 and 103.90 ± 58.94, respectively (t = 4.183, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSensitization through i.p. pathway and challenge by gavage with OVA in early life could result in FA in young SD rats. FA in early life enabled the amplitudes of spike EOMA and the expression of colons SP increase significantly. It may be related to increase in amount and degranulation of MC and SP abnormal expression in colon, which could lead to the development of visceralgia sensibility.

Animals ; Colonic Diseases, Functional ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; complications ; metabolism ; Hyperalgesia ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mast Cells ; metabolism ; Ovalbumin ; adverse effects ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological ; Substance P ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczema/AD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD.

METHODSA hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients (12 years and over) with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSA total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected (1369 male and 1293 female). Of all 2662 patients, 2062 (77.5%) patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 (22.5%) patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (80.4%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four (43.0%) patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients.

CONCLUSIONLate-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Eczema ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires