Objective:To evaluate the bio-mechanics of the cracked molars. Methods: A three dimensional finite element(3D-FEM) model of an upper first molar was constructed by Ansys 8.0 software. The model's cuspal inclination was shaped according to the mean value of the cuspal inclination in the cracked maxillary first molars and the intact ones respectively. The influence of cuspal inclination on the stress distribution was evaluated under different loads:Load of 600 N vertically applied to the occlusal surface of the model, or load of 200 N applied from three directions (vertically, at a 45?angle, horizontally). Results:For the model with the cuspal inclination of the cracked maxillary first molars, its maximum tensile stress, compressive stress and Von Mises stress were higher than those of the control models. The tensile stress and Von Mises stress increased with the increase of force direction and became to the highest under horizontal loads. The tensile stress was mainly distributed at the mediolingual cusp, centre groove and the palatal side of the cervical region. Conclusions: Under equivalent loads, the molar with bigger cuspal inclination suffers more unfavorable stress, which will magnify the occurrence of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS), and horizontal bite force may be a critical factor.

laboratorian should understand and evaluate them correctly.

Spesis/severe sepsis remains a serious problem in pediatric intensive care unit.The mortality of sepsis/severe sepsis is still very high.The waterfall cascade reaction of cell factors is the main reason leading to the continued deterioration of the condition.Continuous blood purification technology can not only remove inflammatory mediators by adsorption and filtration function,but also improve the immune function,even reduce the mortality rate.But there is a controversial topic on the selection of the appropriate dose.This review not only introduces the effects of high-volume hemofiltration and low-volume hemofiltration from different aspects,but also analyses the influencing factors of different effects.

[Objective]To introduce the clinical experience of Pro.Huo Jiege treating lung cancer in the elderly. [Methods]Through copying prescription with the teacher and carding records, and studing on Chinese literature, sum up Pro.Huo Jiege ’s unique insights for the etiology, pathogenesis, principles and methods, and explains it by one case. [Results] Pro.Huo Jiege thinks that the treatment of elderly lung cancer should base on syndrome differentiation, regulate spleen and stomach and nutrition to other organs at the same time.[Conclusion]The treatment of lung cancer in the elderly patients by Traditional Chinese medicine has achieved some effect in clinical practice and provides guidance in the clinical practice.

The new,rapid,accurate and convenient tests for tuberculosis diagnosis and drug resistance are urgently needed for effective tuberculosis control.In this review,two novel,inexpensive diagnosis methods of active TB were introduced.They can detect tuberculosis disease and drug resistances directly form sputum specimens and might have greater applicability in developing countries.Several concerns about the research and development of innovative diagnosis technology in our country also are described.

Objective To explore the relationship of test anxiety status between the senior high school students and their parents before college examination entrance.And to study the method and effect of psychological intervention on test anxiety.Methods 315 grade 1 and 295 grade 3 of senior high school students were investigated by using Test Anxiety Scale(TAS),State Anxiety Inventory(S-AI) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS);and their Darents were investigated by SAS,S-AI.57 grade 3 of senior high school students and their 102 parents were tested before and after psychological intervention.Results Grade 3 of senior high school students and their parents acquired higher SAS.S-AI scores than grade 1 students and their parents(t=2.422～3.975,P<0.05,P＜O.01).The TAS scores of grade 3 students were higher than grade 1(P＜O.01).The correlative coefficient between students and parents were 0.641,0.759,0.733,0.824 respectively(P<0.01).The TAS,SAS,S-AI scores of grade 3 of senior high school students and the SAS,S-AI scores of their parents were descended significantly [(41.12±10.13)vs(49.24±11.80),(43.05±9.97)vs(49.01±11.29),(53.28±9.87)vs(58.55±10.20),(52.47±9.91)vs(59.18±11.75),t=2.861～4.456,P＜O.01].Conclusion There was higher anxiety level in grade 3 of senior high school students and their parents.The correlations was strong between themPsychological intervention on students together with their parents are effective to relax test anxiety level of senior high school students before college examination entrance.

Adult ; Carbodiimides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Methylamines ; poisoning ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite by conventional methods has the deficiency of simple structure, low degree of automation and difficulty in porosity and pore size control, which limits the diverse process and manufacture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional printing technology for the preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded material molding. METHODS:A CAD model of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite was designed to be the cylinder (diameter 25 mm, height 20 mm), while the titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant designed as a CAD model of the cylinder with 25 mm in diameter asnd 10 mm in height with two layers, the upper layer with titanium powder and the lower layer with titanium/hydroxyapatite powder. The composite and functional y graded implant were processed by the three-dimensional printing and sintered. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant were observed for their microstructures, and the X-ray diffraction analysis and compressive strength testing were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had uniform contraction and no obvious distortion. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite had the aperture size from 50 to 150μm. There occurred a chemical reaction between titanium and hydroxyapatite during the sintering process, obtaining the new creations of Ca3(PO4)2, CaTiO3, TiO2 and CaO. Its compressive strength was (184.3±27.1) MPa. The microstructure of titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had graded structures with a visible line between the two layers. The results of the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant can meet the requirements of medical biological implant materials.

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor growth tactor ?1 (TGF-?1) and p27 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relation to the development of the carcinoma. Methods The expression of TGF-?1 and p27 in 36 cases of gallbladder carcinoma was detected by SP immunohistochemical staining. Twenty cases of chronic cholecystitis were collected as control. Results The positive rate of TGF-?1 (63.9%) was higher than that of the control (10.0%), P

Objective:To produce a fusion protein(ICOS-Ig)between extracellular portion of human ICOS and Fc portion of mouse IgG 2a and study on its biological activity.Methods:cDNA encoding the extracellular domain of human ICOS was prepared by RT-PCR from the RNA of the stimulated human peripherial blood mononuclear cells. The Fc portion of mouse IgG2a was cloned by PCR from the vector that contains the sequence-encoding Fc portion of mouse IgG2a.Two resulting amplified PCR products were ligated into a secrection mammalian expression vector, pSecTag2/Hygro A. The recombined vector was transfected into CHO cells by lipofectamine2000.Results:RT-PCR demonstrated the integration and mRNA synthesis of fusion gene. ELISA and Western blot analysis showed the expression of ICOS-Ig and its molecular weight was between 43-66 kD, its concentration was 5-25 ?g/ml. FACS analysis assured that ICOS-Ig had ligand specific binding activity. Addition of ICOS-Ig to MLR resulted in inhibition of T-cell proliferation and IL-2,IFN-? secretion.Conclusion:The fused gene ICOS-Ig was constructed and expressed successfully. It had the bioactivity of inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion.