OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to observe the postoperative pain rate and degree of pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate, and investigate the effect of nursing intervention on pain relief.

METHODSA total of 120 hospitalized cases of three- to seven-year-old preschool children with cleft lip and palate were selected from May to October 2011. The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The control group used conventional nursing methods, experimental group 1 used analgesic drug treatment, experimental group 2 used psychological nursing interventions, and experimental group 3 used both psychological nursing intervention and analgesic drug treatment. After 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, pain self-assessment, pain parent-assessment, and pain nurse-assessment were calculated for the four groups using the pain assessment forms, and their ratings were compared.

RESULTSThe postoperative pain rates of the four groups ranged from 50.0% to 73.3%. The difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The differences among the control group and experimental groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant (P = 0.871), whereas the differences among experimental group 3 and the other groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPostoperative pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate is common. Psychological nursing intervention with analgesic treatment is effective in relieving postoperative pain.

Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative

Lifitegrast is a novel inhibitor of integrin,which can take effect by blocking the binding of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen 1.In July 2016,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officially approved the application of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5％ (commodity name XiidraTM).Clinical trials of the drug include a 12-week phase II clinical trial and three 12-week phase III clinical trials for dry eye disease patients.The results of clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the drug.Lifitegrast is the first FDA approved drug to improve and treat dry eye symptoms,and other similar drug is only cyclosporine.It is believed that in the near future clinical application of lifitegrast will be more extensive.

Etelcalcetide (ParsabivTM) is a second generation calcimimetic agent newly developed by Amgen,mainly used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Etetcalcetide not only decreases calcium concentration by directly binding with the calcium sensing receptor,but also reduces the parathyroid hormone level.The European Union has approved for chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis with Etelcalcetide injection.This paper summarized the pharmacological effects,pharmacokinetics,clinical trials,and adverse reaction of Etelcalcetide.

Targeted drug delivery can significantly increase the concentration of the drug in treatment site, and decrease the dosage of drugs, cost of treatment and the drug's adverse effects on the body. So targeted drug delivery is the hotspot of recent studies. This paper reviews the development of targeted drug delivery research in recent years, including three areas: passive targeting, active targeting, and physical and chemical targeting.
Animals ; Antibodies ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; trends ; Emulsions ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Magnetics ; Microspheres ; Nanoparticles ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Photosensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Prodrugs ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo understand the blood lead level and its influencing factors of workers in one lead acid storage cell enterprise in Jiangsu Province.

METHODSAn occupational health field investigation was done to this storage cell enterprise at the end of June 2011 to measure the air lead fume (dust) concentration of workplaces. Health-care information of 1364 person-times from 2009 - 2011 was collected, including blood lead level, general state of health, life and health habit. One way ANOVA and ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression were used to analysis the influencing factors of blood lead level.

RESULTSThe lead fume concentration range was 0.008-0.354 mg/m(3) among 12 measuring points, which 7 places were unqualified, while the concentration range of lead dust was 0.023 - 2.432 mg/m(3), 24 out of 27 measuring places were unqualified, both the qualified rate were low. The blood lead concentration of objects was (259.54 ± 106.62) µg/L, among which 96 people (7.04%) who ≥ 400 µg/L should be identified as suspected "observation object", blood lead concentration ≥ 600 µg/L was not found. The blood lead concentration of male (279.76 ± 114.93 µg/L) was significantly higher than female (242.44 ± 95.86) µg/L (t = 6.441, P < 0.01). The proportion of ≥ 400 µg/L in male (11.04%, 69/625) was significantly higher than female (3.65%, 27/739) (χ(2) = 28.237, P < 0.01). The blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead fume or dust (265.93 ± 103.70) µg/L was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead (205.30 ± 115.62) µg/L (t = -6.037, P < 0.01), the blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead dust was (267.38 ± 98.02) µg/L significantly higher than those of exposed to lead fume (260.81 ± 121.80) µg/L (t = -2.408, P < 0.05). The proportion of ≥ 400 µg/L in workers who exposed to lead fume (dust) (7.60%, 93/1223) was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead (2.13%, 3/141) (χ(2) = 4.538, P < 0.05). Ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression found that the lead fume concentration ≥ 0.03 mg/m(3), lead dust concentration ≥ 0.05 mg/m(3) (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.06 - 2.39), length of service ≥ 3 years (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.12 - 2.98), smoking (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.27 - 3.37) can increase the level of blood lead concentration.

CONCLUSIONSLead dust concentration of the enterprise exceeded the standard. Workers exposed to lead fume (dust) have more occupational health hazard of lead, of whom the blood lead concentration was high. Higher lead fume (dust) concentration in workplace, longer length of service, smoking were risk factors of high blood lead concentration.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Lead Poisoning ; blood ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo find out the quality of life of inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement and related influencing factors.MethodsCase group ( 118 people) of arsenicosis,and control group (237 people ) of nearby residents without arsenicosis in endemic arsenic areas after drinking-water improvement in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and outside control group(116 people) not exposed to arsenic in nearby non-arsenic areas were selected to be interviewed using homogeneous validity and reliability of the World Health Organization quality of life(WHOQOL-BREF,Chinese Version) in 2010,and physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment scores and total score were calculated,respectively.Covariance analysis was used to find out the real difference in the three groups and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors on quality of life.Results The scores of physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment and total score of case group were ( 12.14 ± 2.68),( 12.18 ± 2.22),( 14.81 ± 2.24),(11.33 ± 1.92),(69.27 ± 16.23) points,respectively,and those of internal control group were ( 13.39 ± 2.67),( 12.80 ± 1.88 ),( 15.16 ± 1.80),( 11.72 ± 1.62),(75.49 ± 14.50) points,respectively,those of control group were (13.91 ± 254),(13.67 ± 2.14),(15.07 ± 1.36),(12.64 ± 1.68),(78.41 ± 12.03) points,respectively.Them was significant difference in physical health,psychological,environment scores and total score among the three groups(F =7.57,10.74,13.44,10.77,all P ＜ 0.05),of which case group was significantly lower than those of the inside and outside control group(all P ＜0.01 ),while in the control group the psychological and environment scores were lower than those of the external control group(all P ＜ 0.01 ).Health,whether-or-not arsenicosis patient,annual per capita income,age and sex were influential factors of quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement is lower than residents of non-arsenic areas.

Objective To explore clinical pharmacist′s work and the role they played in drug monitoring.Methods Monitoring work on Kudiezi injection was carried out, as well as monitoring on its adverse drug reactions, and the reason was timely analyzed.Pharmacist made discussion with nurses and doctors to provide suggestions for rational drug use.Results Medical advices on Kudiezi injection were adopted, which improved clinical diagnosis plan and significantly reduced the incidence of adverse drug reactions.Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should not only perform pharmaceutical work, but also communicate effectively with the nurses and doctors to ensure proper use of drugs.

Objective To study the Pharmacological effects of different extract fractions from Guijianyu (Euonymus alatus)on diabetic rats,pursue the effective fractions,make clear the effective constituents of Guijianyu for treating diabetes,and set up the quality control standard.Methods The model of diabetic rat was established by the injection of streptozotocin(sax).All rats were divided into the model group,treatment group and normal group.The treatment group was given the fractions of Guijianyu including petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butyl alcohol,water,residue and rectified polysaccharide respectively.After 4 weeks the body weight,blood sugar(BS),blood fat,creatinine,urea,and whole blood viscosity(WBV)and whole blood reduced viscosity at high or low share rate were observed.Results The fractions of petroleum ether,water and ethyl acetate had significant anti-diabetes effect,n-butyl alcohol and rectified polysaccharide had significant reducing effect on blood creatinine,and other fractions had significant reducing effect on urea.The fraction of residue decreased significantly the content of low-density hpoprotein(LOL)and cholesterol(CH),water decreased WBV,and rectified polysaccharide increased significantly hematocrit(HCT).The body weight was put on by all ffactiom except rectified polysaccharide.Conclusion Different fractions of Guijianyu have different effects in anti-diabetes,anti-hyperlipidemia,improving kidney function,decreasing blood viscosity and putting on body weight.Guijianyu can be used for curing and preventing diabetes and its complications through influencing different links in the development of diabetes.

OBJECTIVETo study the adverse effects of sleep problems and sleep insufficiency on attention in class and pupils' acadamic achievements.

METHODSA total of 1138 students from four primary schools at ages of 6-12 years were randomly sampled from four districts of Changsha city, Hunan Province June 2009 to April 2010. The inquired items included sleep problems, sleep time, sleep quality, attention in class and academic achievements. Teachers and parents observed the pupils according to the unified requirements for 3 months and then filled out the questionnaires.

RESULTSThe total valid inquiry tables were 1091 with the answering rate of 95.87%, including 549 boys and 542 girls. The sleep quality was more poor in children with sleep problems or sleep insufficiency than in children with normal sleep. The sleep quality was reduced and aggravated along with the increasing sleep problems and the reducing sleep time. The attention in class and academic achievements in children with sleep problems or sleep insufficiency were more poor than in children with normal sleep. The sleep quality index was negatively correlated with attention in class and academic achievements. The attention in class was positively correlated with academic achievements.

CONCLUSIONSThe decline in sleep quality directly affects the attention in class and reduce the academic achievements in primary school children.

Achievement ; Attention ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; Sleep

Empty Sella Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Petrosal Sinus Sampling ; methods ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis