Objective To observe the effect of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) on pancreatic tissue repair and inflammatory reaction of acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP) in rat, and explore the possible mechanism.Methods Isolation and purification of hADMSCs and flow cytometry to detect the the surface markers including CD90, CD29, CD34 and CD45 were performed.Eighty SD male rats with the body weight of 170~210 g were randomly divided into 4 groups.There were 8 rats in the control group, 24 rats in other group.Control group underwent no treatment;sham operation group underwent intestinal wall stirring and then abdominal closure;ANP model group was established by open abdominal retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into bile duct;and in hADMSCs group, DAPI labeled hADMSCs were injected by tail vein into the rat at 12 h after sodium taurocholate injection.The survival of the rats, and gross morphological and pathological changes of the pancreas was observed at 12, 24, and 48 h, and the serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and amylase were detected.The distribution of hADMSCs in the pancreas, liver and lung was examined in hADMSCs group.Results Rats in control group and sham operation group were all alive.In ANP group, 5 and 11 rats were dead at 24 and 48 h, respectively, and in hADMSCs group 12 rats were dead at 48 h.Compared with ANP group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The pathological changes of the pancreas were significantly less severe in hADMSCs group than in ANP group.In hADMSCs group, the amylase at 12, 24 and 48 h was(999±110 )、(1 831±110)、(3 991±130 )U/L;TNF-α level was (62.40±2.35), (80.51±4.51) and (93.46±6.60)ng /L;IL-6 was (60.46±7.34), (80.61±8.40) and(100.58±9.49)ng /L;and these were all significantly lower than those in ANP model group [amylase (2 402±146), (3 292±137) and (5 632±112)U/L;TNF-α(87.13±3.39), (105.41±10.06), (114.57±3.06)ng/L;IL-6 (70.67±10.90)、(107.61±10.53)、(145.34±10.48)U/L], and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05).IL-10 in hADMSCs group was (56.63±6.35), (81.32±5.96), (100.26±6.51)ng/L, which were increased compared with those in ANP model group [(45.26±8.04), (68.25±8.42), (80.38±5.71)ng/L], and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).hADMSCs can migrate to the pancreas, liver, lungs and other damaged tissue, with most in pancreatic tissue, less in lung tissue, and least in liver tissue.Conclusions The mechanism of hADMSCs in repairing pancreatic tissue injury was associated with inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 secreting and increasing IL-10, thus reducing inflammatory reaction.

Etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (MS),a complicated three-dimensional spinal deformity with early-onset,receives continuous attention but remains unclear.To gain an insight into AIS pathogenesis,this review searched PubMed database up to June 2019,using key words or medical subject headings terms including "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis," "scoliosis," "pathogenesis,etiology," "generics,mesenchymal stem cells," and their combinations,summarized existing literatures and categorized the theories or hypothesis into nine aspects.These aspects include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell studies,genetic studies,tissue analysis,spine biomechanics measurements,neurologic analysis,hormone studies,biochemical analysis,environmental factor analysis,and lifestyle explorations.These categories could be a guidance for further etiology or treatment researches to gain inspiration.

OBJECTIVETo assess whether HTR1A and HTR1B polymorphisms are associated with the predisposition, gender, PUMC Classification and/or severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

METHODSRs6294 (HTR1A) and rs6296 (HTR1B) were genotyped in 103 AIS patients treated from January 2006 to March 2007, and 108 controls with matched gender and age. The data were analyzed by the allelic and genotypic association analysis, and the genotype-phenotype (gender, PUMC Classification, and Cobb angle) association analysis.

RESULTSThe distributions of the alleles of all the 2 SNPs met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls (goodness-of-fit chi(2) test, P > 0.05). The allele A of rs6294 was related with the occurrence of AIS (P = 0.041), but differences of the allele frequencies of rs6296 and the genotype frequencies of both SNPs between 2 groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The genotype A/A + A/G of rs6294 was associated with AIS PUMC type III, and there was no other positive results in genotype-phenotype association analysis.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that HTR1A may be a predisposition gene of AIS PUMC type III, and PUMC Classification may has its genetic basis.

Adolescent ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B ; genetics ; Scoliosis ; genetics

Objective To explore the effect of treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures via the fibular osteotomy approach.Methods From August 2009 to August 2011,17 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures,including 12 males and 5 females,aged from 24 to 76 years (average,37.8 years),were treated via the fibular osteotomy approach in our hospital.According to the Schatzker classification,8 cases were type Ⅱ,3 cases were type Ⅲ,6 cases were type V.After operation,X-rays were taken in all patients,and Rasmussen's radiological and functional gradings were used to evaluate radiological and functional outcomes of knees.Results All patients obtained follow-up,ranged from 9 to 35 months (average,18months).The healing time of the fracture ranged from 10.0 to 18.0 weeks (average,13.5 weeks).During the period of followed-up,there was no loss of reduction; one case presented with symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury,such as local hypesthesia in distal lateral lower leg and dorsi pedis,which recovered two weeks postoperatively.According to Rasmussen's radiological grading,the mean score of the knee joint was 17.5(range,14.0 to 18.0).The range of motion of the knee joint ranged from -5°to 135°(average,123.5o).According to Rasmussen's functional grading,the mean score of the knee joint was 26.9 (range,22 to 30).Conclusion Treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures via the fibular osteotomy approach can obtain sufficient exposure,good reduction and fixation,and avoid flexion contracture of the knee and peripheral vascular nerve injury.Moreover,postoperative function and stability of the knee joint recover well.

BACKGROUNDMany potential causative factors are related to the initiation and progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The aim of this research was to investigate the etiology and clinical features of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Chinese patients.

METHODSFrom January 1990 to July 2011, 643 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head were investigated retrospectively to analyze the potential causative factors, age, gender, latency period, time from the onset of pain to diagnosis, and Association Research Circulation Osseous stage.

RESULTSOf 643 cases, 315 cases were bilateral and 328 cases were unilateral, with an average age of (47.55 ± 15.27) years. In the steroid-induced group, the average age at symptom onset was (41.80 ± 15.47) years, and the median duration from taking steroid to the onset of pain was 36 months. The underlying diseases in the steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head group consisted of autoimmune and other diseases, of which systemic lupus erythematosus was the most common. In the alcohol-induced group, the average age at onset of symptoms was (48.06 ± 11.90) years and the median time of habitual alcohol use was 240 months. In the traumatic group, the average age was (51.43 ± 14.23) years and the median time from trauma to the onset of pain was 20 months. In the idiopathic group, the average age was (50.33 ± 15.88) years. Of the total of 958 hips, 647 were at stage III or IV. The stage at diagnosis was earlier in the steroid-induced group than in the alcohol-induced, traumatic, or idiopathic groups.

CONCLUSIONSSteroid use is the most common cause for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in this study. The age at diagnosis, time from the onset of pain to diagnosis, and stage were significantly earlier in the steroid-induced group.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of quercetin on the apoptosis of platelets and to analyze the intrinsic mechanism. METHODS: Firstly, the effects of quecetin on the apoptosis of platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Secondly, Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the platelets treated with quercetin for 2 and 4 day. RESULTS: By flow cytometry, it was found that the apoptosis of platelets in the quercetin-treated group (2, 4 and 8 μmol/L) was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of platelets in 2, 4 and 8 μmol/L quercetin group was 3.12%±0.32%, 2.89%±0.15% and 2.31%±0.28%, respectively, which were signigicantly lover than that in control group (P＜0.01). With the increase of quecetin concentration, the proportion ratio of platelets significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner（r=-0.9985）. Similar results were observed on the 4th day. Western blot showed that the treatment with quercetin (2, 4 and 8 μmol/L) promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of BCL-2/BAX (P＜0.01), thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of platelets. Similar results were observed on the 4th day. CONCLUSION Quercetin can inhibit platelet apoptosis by increasing the ratio of apoptosis-related protein BCL-2/BAX in a concentration-dependent manner.
Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Blood Platelets ; Quercetin

OBJECTIVES: To study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 30 757 neonates who underwent the screening for inherited metabolic diseases and had negative results in Guangxi Neonatal Disease Screening Center from 2018 to 2020. Among these neonates, there were 28 611 normal full-term infants (control group) and 2 146 preterm infants (preterm birth group). According to gestational age, the preterm infants were further divided into four groups: very preterm (n=209), moderately preterm (n=307), and late preterm group (n=1 630). According to birth weight, they were divided into three groups: very low birth weight group (n=161), low birth weight group (n=1 085), and normal birth weight group (n=900). According to blood collection time, they were divided into three groups: 3-7 days group (n=1 664), 8-14 days group (n=314) and 15-28 days group (n=168). Tandem mass spectrometry was performed to measure the levels of 11 amino acids in dried blood spots, which were then compared between groups. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding factors, there were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different gestational age groups (P<0.05), and significant differences were observed in the levels of the 11 amino acids between the control group and the various preterm groups (except for citrulline and methionine in the late preterm group). There were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different birth weight groups (P<0.05). Except for ornithine, there were significant differences in the levels of other amino acids among the different blood collection time groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gestational age, birth weight and blood collection time all affect amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China. This provides a basis for the laboratory to establish the reference standard and clinical interpretation of blood amino acid levels in preterm infants, and to improve the nutritional metabolism of preterm infants.
Amino Acids ; China ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genotypes and distribution of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of thalassemia. METHODS: A total of 1 302 children with suspected thalassemia were collected from January 2014 to April 2020 in Quanzhou Region. The deletional α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR, and DNA reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization was used to detect α- and β-thalassemia mutations. RESULTS: In the 1 302 cases, 667 cases were identified as thalassemia carriers, and the positive detection rate was about 51.23%. Among them, 380 cases of α-thalassemia gene were detected, and -- CONCLUSION There are various genotypes of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region, and many children with thalassemia major or intermedia. Therefore, further prevention and control of thalassemia need to be strengthened for reducing the birth of thalassemia major or intermedia.
Child ; China ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mutation ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics*

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the only excitatory glutamatergic nucleus in the basal ganglia circuitry. It not only is a key node in the classical indirect pathway, but also forms the "hyperdirect" pathway directly connecting the cortex, and even is implicated as a pacemaker for activity of whole basal ganglia. Due to the key position of STN in the basal ganglia circuitry, the STN is an optimal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the neurosurgical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the amelioration of parkinsonian motor dysfunctions induced by DBS on STN remain enigmatic. This paper reviews recent progresses in the studies on the input-output configurations and functions of STN in the basal ganglia circuitry, and summarizes the hypotheses for mechanisms of DBS for the treatment of motor dysfunctions in PD. Studying on the DBS mechanisms will not only help to develop strategies for treatment of PD, but also contribute to the understanding of functions of the basal ganglia circuitry.

Spinal α-motoneurons directly innervate skeletal muscles and function as the final common path for movement and behavior. The processes that determine the excitability of motoneurons are critical for the execution of motor behavior. In fact, it has been noted that spinal motoneurons receive various neuromodulatory inputs, especially monoaminergic one. However, the roles of histamine and hypothalamic histaminergic innervation on spinal motoneurons and the underlying ionic mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, by using the method of intracellular recording on rat spinal slices, we found that activation of either H or H receptor potentiated repetitive firing behavior and increased the excitability of spinal α-motoneurons. Both of blockage of K channels and activation of Na-Ca exchangers were involved in the H receptor-mediated excitation on spinal motoneurons, whereas the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels were responsible for the H receptor-mediated excitation. The results suggest that, through switching functional status of ion channels and exchangers coupled to histamine receptors, histamine effectively biases the excitability of the spinal α-motoneurons. In this way, the hypothalamospinal histaminergic innervation may directly modulate final motor outputs and actively regulate spinal motor reflexes and motor execution.
Animals ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; metabolism ; Motor Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Histamine H2 ; metabolism ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; metabolism