Objective To investigate the ability of dental service in Yunnan province by analyzing the distribution of oral medical institutions,the distribution of oraloral medical staffs,the per capita outpatient costs,and the rate of visiting the doctor.Methods A general survey on oral medical institutions was finished by using questionnaires.Results There were 1045 dental institutions,416 of them were public dental institutions.305 were in Kunming.305 dental institutions were in Kunming,the number of dental institutions per square kilometer was 14.2,the dental manpower index wasl5,the rate of visiting the doctor was 14.19％,per capita outpatient costs were 139.9 Yuan,and the above indexes were ranked first in Kunming.Conclusions In Yunnan province,oral health resources distribution were imbalanced.Dental service ability was uneven,perfect oral disease diagnosis and treatment quality control systems needs to be established,including cultivating specialized nurses relieve the tense situation of oral health care resources,and implenting the four hand operation,so as to effectively improve the quality of medical services.

Aim: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of secnidazole and its related substances, and to elucidate the structure of the main related substances. Methods: HPLC was performed on an Agilent C_(18) (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid solution( 10 : 90). The detection wavelength was set at 320 nm and the column oven was maintained at 30 ℃. The mass spec-trometry detector was equipped with an ESI source with a temperature of 350 ℃, and set at positive ion monito-ring model The spray chamber pressure was 0. 34 MPa. The drying gas flow rate was 10 L/min. Results: Sec-nidazole was completely separated from the impurities. The calibration curve of secnidazole was linear over the range of 0. 10-1 500. 0 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0. 999 9. The contents of secnidazole in the sam-ples were 100.5%, 100.3% and 100.7%, respectively, and those of the related substances were 0.463%, 0. 488% and 0.465%, respectively. The three related substances were identified by HPLC-UV-MS~n as 2-methyl-5-nitroimida-zole and the isomerides of secnidazole, respectively. Conclusion: The developed method is reliable for the quality control and determination of related substances of secnidazole.

Objective To investigate the neuropathic pain (NP) accompanying spinal cord injury (SCI),and to analyze the related factors to provide references for its prevention and treatment.Methods Seventy SCI patients with NP were selected using the DN4 scale.Their age,gender,occupation,education level,monthly income,injury position,marital status and other data were surveyed using a general questionnaire.Their NP situation was surveyed using a simplified McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ).Results The patients' average visual analogous scale (VAS) score was 4.37.Their average pain rating index (PRI) according to the SF-MPQ was 8.23,with the PRI-sensory and PRI-emotional components 5.23 and 3.00 respectively.The average degree of present pain intensity was 1.86,between mild pain and discomfort,and discomfort was the description most commonly used.The most common pain descriptor was prickling pain,followed by burning pain and bulge pain.85.7％ of the patients felt that their pain had an adverse effect on their affective state,and exhaustion occurred more often than any other descriptive words.Univariant analysis showed that the degree of injury,education level,marital status,monthly income,family support and medication history were all factors correlated with NP perceptions.Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that being unmarried and severity of injury were independent protective factors against NP.No family support,no medication and low income were independent risk factors for NP.Conclusion The type of neuropathic pain varies in patients with spinal cord injury.The intensity of the pain is mostly at a medium level.The emotional state of most patients was affected.Neuropathic pain involves many factors.Being unmarried and severely injured are independent protective factors,while lack of family support,no medication,and having low income were independent risk factors.

Objective To figure out the differentially expressed proteins using proteome technology in leukemia cells induced into different lineages and investigate the application value in early screening of leukemia.Methods With induction of ATRA and NSC67657, the differentiation models was constructed using HL60 cells which has the potentiality to be induced into different lineages by different inducers.Then the differentially expressed proteins in the process of differentiation was separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified using MALDI-TOF MS.The expression of 3 proteins FE1A1, TLE1, NME3 were chosen to be verified in myeloid samples of 5 leukemia patients and 1 normal volunteer using RT-PCR and WB.Results WB showed that NME3 was differentially expressed after both granulocytic and monocytic differentiation( Normal A value = 0.227, NSC67657 A value= 0.079, ATRA A value = 0.064, P ＜ 0.01 ).However, only in 4 of 5 tested patients' myeloid samples, the NME3 protein expression were differentially expressed compared to the normal myeloid sample( Normal A value = 0.082,2 acute leumia transferred from chronic granulocytic leumia A value = 0.274,0.269, acute monocytic leukemia A value = 0.297, one patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia A value = 0.258.There was significant difference between normal and leukemia group, P ＜0.05 ).A value was 0.121 for another patents with chronic granulocytic leukemia The NME3 protein expression was not differentially expressed compared to the normal myeloid sample,P ＞0.05.Conclusions It is still a long way to go for proteome technology from basic research to clinical application.However, the identification of NME3 protein related to differentiation in leukemia patients' myeloid samples had set the foundation for the early diagnosis of leukemia using proteome technology.

Objective To compare the capabilities of NT-proBNP and BNP in diagnosis of heart failure when complicated with acute cerebral infarction.Methods EP15-A2 document,was employed to verify the precision and accuracy of NT-proBNP and BNP assays on chemiluminescence analyzer Cobas E601 and ADVIA Centaur respectively for 363 samples from patients with chronic heart failure,cerebral hemorrhage and acute cerebral infarction,cerebral infarction complicated with heart failure and normal controls were collected and analyzed by Cobas E601 and ADVIA Centaur,and then determined the changing trends of NT-proBNP and BNP.Moreover,ROC curve was employed in diagnostic value comparison of NT-proBNP and BNP in heart failure groups.Results Cobas E601 and ADVIA Centaur showed good repeatability and accuracy in the detection of NT-proBNP and BNP that both total non-precision were below 3.5％ and the deviations to calibrator were below 3.91％.The level of NT-proBNP an BNP didn't elevate in normal people and cerebral hemorrhage patients.However,they significant elevated in heart failure,acute cerebral infarction and cerebral infarction complicated with heart failure patients (P ＜ 0.01).Their levels were heart failure grade dependent.The levels of NT-proBNP in cerebral infarction complicated with grade Ⅰto Ⅲ heart failure patients were significantly higher than those in chronic heart failure patients,with same heart failure(P ＜ 0.05).However,compared to chronic heart failure patients,the level of BNP in cerebral infarction complicated with heart failure patients didn't elevate significantly until grade Ⅲ heart failure happened.Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of NT-proBNP and BNP were botb above 93％ in the diagnosis of chronic heart failure.But for patients who suffered cerebral infarction complicated with heart failure,the diagnostic value of NT-proBNP and BNP were decreased due to cerebral infarction interference.However,the ROC area of BNP was larger than that of NT-proBNP(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the diagnosis of cerebral infarction complicated with heart failure,BNP could be a better choice to determine the degree of heart failure.

Background The main mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the formation of retinal neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) is primarily factor for DR. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of angelicae sinensis decoction for supplementing blood ( ASD), a kind of traditional prescription of Chinese herbal medicine, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in vitreous and serum of STZ-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty-four SPF male SD rats were fed using high fat diet for 8 weeks and then the streptozocin of 25 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to create the type 2 diabetic models. ASD (3.6 g/kg) and 10 mg/kg Gli of 5 mi were administered intragastrically from the 4th day of high fat die though 8 weeks respectively. Other 10 matched rats were used as normal control group. The body weight, blood glucose level ,triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected in 4 and 8 weeks after usage of drug. The vitreous and serum samples were obtained in the 8 th weeks for the VEGF detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This experiment comlied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The body weight and HDL in DM group were significantly lower than those of normal control group in 4 or 8 weeks ( P＜0. 01 ), but in ASD and Gli groups ,the body weight and HDL were higher than those of the DM group (P＜0. 05 ). the blood glucose level and TG were elevated in DM group compared with normal control group (P＜0. 01 ), but those in ASD group and Gli group were decreased in comparison with DM group ( P＜0.05 ). EIISA revealed that no significant differences were found in VEGF levels between normal control group and ASD group or Gli group (P＞0. 05 ), but in DM group, the serum VEGF level (147.65±4. 55 ng/L) was reduced and vitreous VEGF level (673.45± 100. 85 ng/L) was raised,showing the considerable differences (P＜ 0.05 ). No any correlation was found between serum VEGF level and vitreous VEGF level (r=0.314,P＞0. 05). Conclusion ASD can decrease the VEGF level in vitreous,implying that ASD postpone the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in DM rat.

AlM: To investigate and evaluate the prevalence of xerophthalmia among aerospace science and technology staff and its influencing factors for the eye health guidance.
METHODS: The staff underwent physical examination in our examination center from September 2013 to June 2014 were preliminary screened, and those patients with symptoms of dry eye were investigated with questionnaires and diagnosed by basic lacrimal secretion test ( Schirmer l ) , breakup time of tear film ( BUT ) test and fluorescein ( FL) staining test .
RESULTS: There were 606 complaints of dry eye symptoms of the 1 000 premiers, distributed in random (60. 6%), and 432 employees were diagnosed (43. 2%). The positive rate of dry eye was 71. 3%. The causes of xerophthalmia, besides of gender, age, also include a variety of factors such as air-conditioner, heating, video terminals, sleep time, etc.
CONCLUSlON: Dry eye, an epidemic disease, has a variety of symptoms and complex etiology, the main causes of aerospace science and technology staff with dry eye is working environment and some local factors. We can give appropriate health guidance according to the different factors. Meanwhile the relevant series of dry eye screening should also be taken as a routine examination in ophthalmic examination.

AIM:To establish the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy ( OIR) and to evaluate the inhibition of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin ( EPO) blockade.
METHODS: Neonates of C57BL/6 mouse ( P7 ) were exposed to 75%±2% oxygen for 5d and return to normal air environment when 12d ( P12 ) to establish oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization model. The neonates were divided into groups, injected with 0. 5μL solution containing 25ng ( group A), 50ng ( group B), 250ng ( group C) of soluble erythropoietin receptor ( EPO-R) or PBS (group D) at P12, P14 and P16 in the right eye. On P17, the litters were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, made pathological section. The number of breakthrough internal limiting membrane neovascular nuclei was counted with pathological retinal morphology, understanding theproliferative degree of retinal neovascularization.
RESULTS: The pathological sections showed the neovascular cell nuclei which penetrating the inner limiting membrane in intravitreal EPO receptor injection group was reduced statistically than that in PBS injection group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). And, neovascular nuclei count differences in the
various concentrations of EPO receptor group was statistically significant (P<0. 01). With the EPO receptor concentration increase, neovascular endothelial cells broken through the internal limiting membrane was reduced.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of soluble EPO receptor can block EPO and improve neovascularization. The new method is expected to become new treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of liver function on liver enhancement in hepatobiliary phase of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI.Methods Sixty-seven patients who suffered from cirrhosis and received enhanced MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA were retrospectively analyzed,and divided into three subgroups according to ChildPugh score(45 patients in group A,20 in group B,5 in group C).All the individuals of both groups had MRI before injection,and hepatobiliary phase images were obtained at 5,10,and 20 minutes after bolus administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA.The relative enhancement(RE) was calculated by dividing the signal intensity of liver(SI) at t min after injection(SIt) by precontrast SI(SI0).The total serum bilirubin level(TB),serum albumin level(Alb) and prothrombin time(PT) were recorded.The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the RE among three groups at 5,10 and 20 minutes.SNK was used for further pairwise comparison.The effect of liver function on RE was assessed with the generalized linear model.Pearson correlation coefficients were measured between each biochemical test result(TB,Alb,PT) and RE at different time points.Results The RE at 5,10 and 20 minutes were 1.59±0.20,1.65±0.22,1.69±0.25 of group A; 1.47± 0.14,1.48±0.18,1.50±0.22 of group B,1.35±0.07,1.27±0.06,1.26±0.06 of group C.There were statistically significant differences of RE among groups at 5,10 and 20 minutes(F=5.854,11.207,9.666,P＜0.01).Statistically pairwise comparison differences of RE were found between group A and C at 5,10 and 20 minutes(P＜0.01),between B and C at 10 and 20 minutes(P＜0.05),between A and B at 10 minutes(P＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences of TB,Alb and PT among groups(P＜0.01).RE at 10 and 20 minutes had moderate negative correlation with TB(r=-0.483,-0.500; P＜0.01),low negative correlation with PT(r=-0.326,-0.351;P＜0.01) and weak positive correlation with Alb(r=0.290,0.292;P＜0.05).Conclusions There are differences of RE among patients with different liver function,and the RE is associated with TB,Alb and PT.Thus,it may allow us to estimate the liver function.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Insulin like growth factor-ⅡmRNA binding protein3 (IMP3) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods One hundred and fifteen cases of GIST were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for IMP3 (SP method) and ki67 (iVisionTM method ). The relationship between IMP3 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and Ki67 proliferation indexes were analyzed. In situ hybridization detection of IMP3 mRNA was performed in 20 cases of GIST positive. Results The expression rate of IMP3 was 56.2%(65/115) in GIST positive. A significant correlation can be found between IMP3 expression and tumor of infiltration , coagulative necrosis , metastasis , nuclear atypia , diameter , mitotic count , risk grade of NIH (P < 0.05), while there was no significant correlation between IMP3 and gender, age, primary location, categories of cell type (P>0.05). There was positive correlation of IMP3 expression and Ki67 labeling indexes by Spearman analysis. Positive expression with IMP3 can be observed in 3 cases of recurrence.It may play important role in invasive and development and may be an important factor of prognosis in GIST.