Mitochondria play an important role in energy ( ATP ) production through oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the regulation of cell death by apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disorder, mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the damage of RGCs has received close attention in recent years. ln this article, we reviewed the current evidences and recent advances in the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and the RGCs apoptosis.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraoeular malignant tumor in children.In its treatment,drug therapy is one of the most effective and irreplaceable methods.To reduce the toxicity of drugs,enhance the therapeutic effect and lessen drug resistance, some new drug deliver systems and new medicines for retinoblastoma are coming into being.Ophthalmic arterial infusion,fibrin sealant and iontophoresis are newly-found drug deliver systems.And the latest drugs under research include nutlins,phenoxazine derivative Phx-1,combretastatin A4 phosphate,2-deoxy-d-glucose and histone deacetylase inhibitors,etc.The following text is focused on the two aspects of the drug therapy for retinoblastoma.

Nowadays,with the sharply increasing morbidity and stable high mortality,tumor has become the greatest threaten for human health and life.After taking a view of preservations,diagnoses and treatments on tumor, oncologists considered the cure rate had not improved evidently in patients with advanced tumor in the past several decades even though the total cure rate and survival rate had increased.Facing the puzzle,people should evaluate original tumorigenic theories again.A review about it was presented here.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective To compare the effects of four different analgesia techniques on serum IL-6, IL-10 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in patients after hysterectomy. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients aged 32-54 yrs weighing 45-79 kg after hysterectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): group Ⅰ received patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with 0.2% ropivacaine + fentanyl 2 ?g?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron; group Ⅱ received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with fentanyl 8 ?g?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron; group Ⅲ PCEA with 0.2% ropivacaine + tramadol 2 mg?ml-1 +0.008% ondansetron and group Ⅳ PCI A with tramadol 8 mg?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron. Both PCEA and PCIA were commenced with a loading dose of 5 ml. The PCA pump was set up with an 1 ml bolus with a 10 min lockout interval and a background infusion at 1 ml?h-1. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (baseline) and at 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery for determination of serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70.Results The changes in serum IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70 concentrations were similar. Serum IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70 levels were all increased after surgery in the 4 groups, and they reached a peak at 24 h after surgery. Serum IL-6 and HSP 70 levels at 24h after surgery were significantly lower in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ( P

Objective To observe the effects of different collagenase digestions on isolating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from Wharton’s jelly, to exam their differentiation ability and to investigate their passage effect on the immune phenotype. Methods Human umbilical cord samples were digested by collagenaseⅠorⅡorⅣfor 4-18 hours then were passed through sieves . Cells were collected by centrifugation then inoculated in DMEM/F12 medium at concentration within range of 4.8×103-1×104/cm2 to compare the effect of different digestions on MSC. Von kossa staining and tetracycline fluorescence was used to label the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSC. Also RT-PCR was employed to identify the differentiate capacity of MSC into myocardial-like cells. The immunophenotype of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry after subculture. Results Using collagenaseⅠdigestion, the number of MSCs isolated from human umbilical cord in Wharton’s jelly and their vitality were much higher while the period to show cell extension and primary culture time were shorter than those using collagenaseⅡorⅣdigestions. The analysis of surface marker revealed that the expression of positive markers include CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 did not change with passages while the negative markers such as CD31, CD34 and HLA-DR increased significantly with passages;Differential experiments induced in vitro show that human umbilical cord MSC in wharton’s jelly had the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and myocardial-like cells. Con?clusion The human umbilical cord MSC in Wharton’s jelly was successfully isolated by collagenaseⅠdigestion. This meth?od was simple with a high success rate while cell loss and damage were minimum. This makes large-scale cultivation possi? ble. Negative markers increased with cell passages. This phenomenon revealed that MSC showed directional differentiation.

Anti-Lipid-Peroxidation of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. in mice was studied. Results showed that H. dulcis Thunb. had the following functions: 1. decrease MAD contents of serum and tissucs of liver and brain. 2. increase SOD activity in tissues of liver, kidney and brain. 3.impart tolerance toward cold and heat, and prolong swimming time of mice. The results indicate tLat H. dulcis Thunb. has function of Anti-Lipid-Peroxidation and may be valuable for the retardation of senility.

Objective To observe the effects of calcitonin on osteoclast activity and expressions of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-?B ligand (RANKL) in vitro. Methods Osteoclasts and their precursors were mechanically isolated from long bones of SD rats and incubated on bone sheet in MEM with different concentration of calcitonin. Number, morphology of the osteoclasts were detected with tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Image-Pro Plus counted the resorption pits and areas on slices, stained by toludine blue. RT-PCR was used to examine the expressions of OPG and RANKL of osteoclast. Results Number of osteoclasts were decreased with increasing CT concentrations. After incubation for 5 days, resorption pits were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (P

Objective To explore a simple and effective method of culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells.Methods Bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from human bronchial tissues obtained from lobectomy or pneumectomy.Epithelial cells were isolated by three methods as fellows:1.proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical scraping,2.proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical stripping,and 3.trypsin digestion with mechanical scraping.Subsequently the cells were cultured in serum-free hormone-supplemented DMEM/F12.The quantity,purity and viability of cells isolated by three methods were compared.The cultured cells were identified with cytokeratins AE1/AE3 by immunohistochemistry.Results The quantity of cells [(9.37?1.62)?105] obtained from proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical scraping was significantly higher than that of proteinase XIV digestion with mechanical stripping [(5.20?0.75)?105](P

Objective: To investigate the effect of tumor specific antigen of HCA520 on the proliferation of HEK293 cells and to obtain some functional implications for HCA520. Methods: MTT assay was performed with HEK293 stable cell lines transfected with pcDNA3-HCA520-flag construct. Cytokines probably involved in HCA520 enhanced proliferation were screened by RT-PCR, and effect of these cytokines on the HEK293 cell proliferation was further confirmed by MTT assay. Results: HCA520 significantly promoted the proliferation of HEK293 cells, which was at least partially attributed to the up-regulation of IL-6 in HEK293 cells by HCA520. Conclusion: HCA520 might accelerate tumorigenesis by promoting proliferation of cancerous cells.