Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5alpha, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.
Animals ; HIV ; metabolism ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

A NTC thermistor-based wearable body temperature sensor was designed. This paper described the design principles and realization method of the NTC-based body temperature sensor. In this paper the temperature measurement error sources of the body temperature sensor were analyzed in detail. The automatic measurement and calibration method of ADC error was given. The results showed that the measurement accuracy of calibrated body temperature sensor is better than ± 0.04 degrees C. The temperature sensor has high accuracy, small size and low power consumption advantages.
Body Temperature ; Calibration ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

Adult ; Female ; Graft Occlusion, Vascular ; Humans ; Stents ; Takayasu Arteritis ; surgery

OBJECTIVE To perform a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence of hospital infection and associated risk factors and offer strategies in our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS The study enrolled 1082 neonatal patients hospitalized between Jan 1,2006 to Dec 31,2007.RESULTS There were 58 nosocomial infections(NI) in 1082 neonatal patients,and the infection rate was 5.36%.The most common infection was superficial(62.07%).The mortality of NI was 6.90%.The lower gestational age and birth weight,were risk factors of NI.Logistic regression analysis indicated that mechanical ventilation and birth weight ≤1500g were independent risk ractors for NI(P

Objective To analyze the failure ratio and the causes of the inoculation failure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-vaccine in children and relevant the remedial measures. Methods One thousand three hundred and sixty cases treated in Suzhou Wuzhong people′s hospital during Jan.2007 to Jul.2008 were chosen,of whom 286 children from 1-5 years old to be anti-HBs negative or anti-HBs titre to be 0-10 IU/L were screened,and specific failure reasons for the vaccination were analyzed,also the timely treatment measures were taken.Then 286 children were divided into 5 groups randomly.Apart from one group was set up as blank control,the other 4 groups were arranged to accept different immunization methods with 0,1,2 month schedule,group A simply got revaccinated with HB vaccine(10 ?g) 3 times;group B revaccinated with double dosage of HB vaccine(20 ?g) 3 times;group C besides being revaccinated 3 times,the immune regulatory agent was jointly used;group D revaccinated 3 times with genetically engineered CHO hepatitis B vaccine. Results The ratio of failure of HBV-vaccine was 21.03%,what caused failure of hepatitis B vaccine included immunologic inadequacy 218(76.22%),repeated respiratory infection 192 cases(67.13%),abuse hormone 140 cases(48.95%),zinc deficiency 129 cases(45.10%),anaemia 108 cases(37.76%),passive smoking 80 cases(27.97%),the mother being chronic parenchymatous nephritis or HBV carrier 63 cases(22.03%),premature 54 cases(18.88%),adiposity 38 cases(13.29%),dystrophy 29 cases(10.14%).There were 4 methods of revaccination,the positive rate for group A,B,C,D were 90.00%,96.47%,99.08%,95.83%,respectively.Group C had the highest positive rate,compared with the other 3 groups,which were statistically significant(P a

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and accuracy of length measurement of in vivo teeth by using cone beam CT (CBCT).

METHODSBefore orthodontic extraction, 109 vital premolars from 40 participants were scanned by using CBCT and reconstructed by using InVivoDental software. Buccal-lingual sectional images along the long axis of teeth were then acquired, and the crown, root, and tooth length were measured separately. After careful extraction and fixation, the corresponding length of the same tooth was measured by using a digital caliper. CBCT measurement accuracy was then verified by using physical measurements as reference.

RESULTSCBCT and the physical method did not obtain significantly different measurements of the root, crown, and tooth length of experimental teeth (P=0.790, P=0.621, P=0.657, respectively), and the measurements were found to be consistent. The 95% limits of agreement of root, crown, and tooth length were -1.10 mm to 1.13 mm, -1.00 mm to 0.96 mm, and -1.00 mm to 1.05 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe difference between CBCT and the physical method was not significant, and good consistency was shown. CBCT could be applied in noninvasive measurement of in vivo teeth.

Sixteen compounds including daphnoretin (1), isofraxidin (2), scopoletin (3), kaempferol (4), quercetin (5), guaijaverin (6), astragalin (7), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5-O-methylapi- genin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), methyl gallate (11), prionitiside A (12), (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3- methyl-9,10- dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate (13), 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid (14), 3'-O-methyl-3,4-O,O-metheneellagic acid-4'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (15) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-3'-O-methylellagic acid (16), were isolated from the 70% acetone extract of Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Among them, compounds 1-3, 6-9, 11, and 14 were isolated from E. dracunculoides for the first time, and compounds 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16 were firstly obtained from the genus Euphorbia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in patients with distal pancreatic injures and its outcome.Methods Retrospectively analysed the follow up results of 18 patients undergoing spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University from March 2008 to November 2012.Results The operations were successful in all of these 18 patients,B-mode ultrasonography and CT scan follow-up revealed that there were no significant changes in the size and structure of the spleens.The operation time was 152 to 188 minutes (mean,172 minutes),and the intraoperative blood loss was 155 to 356 mL (mean,191 mL).The length of postoperative hospital stay was 13 to 19 days (mean,15 days).No bleeding after operation,no pancreatic leakage,and no intraabdominal infection occurred.Conclusions Distal pancreatectomy with spleen and supply vessel preserving is effective and feasible methods for the patients with distal

Objective To explore the related imaging factors about the change of systemic circulation time for aortic dissection (AD)patients.Methods Image data of 36 patients with AD and 30 patients in control group were analyzed retrospectively,the cor-relation analysis was made between the results of imaging measurement by using CT angiography (CTA)and the threshold time of the contrast agent in the left ventricular.3 6 patients with AD were divided into 2 groups (type A 1 7 cases and type B 1 9 cases)by using Stanford type.First,the threshold time in the left ventricular of the 3 groups were analyzed comparatively;next,the correla-tions between each CTA measured parameter and the threshold time in the left ventricle were analyzed.Results Threshold time in left ventricular of group Stanford A and group Stanford B were compared with the control group respectively,the overall mean difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Between Stanford A and B,there was no significant difference (P>0.05).There was a significant correlation between threshold time in left ventricular and the ratio of false/true lumen (r=0.676,P<0.001).And the correlation was also found between threshold time and the maximum diameter of aorta or the diameter of intimal tear (r = 0.371 and 0.355,P> 0.05).Conclusion The threshold time of left ventricular for aortic dissection patients is significantly longer than the normal control group,and is significantly related with the ratio of false/true lumen.

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)in distinguishing the solid solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN).Methods 42 patients with SPN (malignant in 25 and benign in 1 7)who were confirmed by operation,biopsy or follow up after treatment underwent routine chest T1 WI,T2 WI and DWI.The b values were chosen as 300,500,800 and 1 000 s/mm2 ,and the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)values and the signal intensity (SI)were respectively measured.Results The ADC values and SI of benign and malignant SPNs were gradually reduced with increasing b value.The ADC value between benign and malignant SPNs was statistically significant with b value of 500 s/mm2 (P 500 =0.03 <0.05 ),meanwhile the SI was statistically significant with b values from 300 to 1000 s/mm2 (P 300 <0.001,P 500 =0.03 <0.05,P 800 =0.01 <0.05, P 1 000 =0.02<0.05).Conclusion Both SI and ADC value of DWI play important role in distinguishing benign and malignant SPNs, and the diagnostic efficiency of SI is superior to ADC value.