Objective To establish a method of measuring adipose content and fat distribution of the thigh in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects,and to investigate its relation to insulin resistance.Methods Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic and euglycemic clamp technique,and femoral adipose content and fat distribution were determined by MRI in 30 individuals with NGT including 15 with normal weight and 15 overweighted or obese subjects.Results Compared to normal weight group,the subscutaneous adipose tissue of thigh (SCAT) [(176.7?21.6) cm~2 vs (115.0?12.8 ) cm~2,P＜0.05],adipose tissue of thigh beneath the fascia (SFAT) [(75.4?4.4 ) cm~2 vs (57.5?4.7 ) cm~2,P＜0.01] and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) [(28.3?3.2) cm~2 vs (14.5?1.1 ) cm~2,P＜0.01] were greater in overweight/obesity group.Overweight/ obesity group had lower insulin sensitivity( glucose disposal rate under steady state of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp:4.54?0.43 vs 7.88?0.75,P＜0.01).SFAT and IMAT were significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity.SFAT showed the most marked correlation with insulin sensitivity.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the increased SFAT played a pivotal role in insulin resistance.Conclusion The adipose content and fat distribution are highly correlated with insulin sensitivity and the adipose tissue of thigh beneath fascia may play the most significant role in insulin sensitivity.

Objective To assay serum apelin level in obesity and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and investigate the relationship between serum apelin level and body fat parameter,glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index,etc.Methods Sixty-two patients with type 2 DM and 72 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were selected and each group was divided into obese and non-obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m~2 or

Objective To analyse the characterisitics of daily blood glucose profiles of insulinoma using continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) and to investigate the value of CGMS in the diagnosis of insulinoma. Methods The blood glucose of 6 patients with pathologically-confirmed insulinoma(insulinoma group) were detected by CGMS for 3 consecutive days.The mean blood glucose(MBG),M-value of Schlichtkrull(M-value),frequency distribution of glucose levels and the hypoglycemic episodes of CGMS were measured,and the results were compared with those of normal glucose regulation(n=6,control group) and patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes with reactive hypoglycemia(n=5,diabetes group). Results The M-value of insulinoma group was significantly higher than that of control group(P0.05).The M-value and MBG of diabetes group were higher than those of insulinoma group and control group(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of glycated albumin(GA),a parameter in reflection of recent glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Four hundred and forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in our hospital from May to November 2006 were enrolled into the study.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(P2hBG) and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured,the enzymatic measurement of GA was conducted and the CGMS was performed.The correlation between GA and the other parameters monitored was analysed. Results The correlation analysis indicated that GA was well correlated with HbA1c(r=0.818,P0.05),respectively for those with HbA1c more than 7.5%,between 6.5% and 7.5%,and less than 6.5%. Conclusion GA is well correlated with HbA1c,especially in those with poor glycemic control for a long time.The correlation between GA and long-term glycemic control is stronger than that between GA and instant plasma glucose or MBG in three days.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics of hypertensive subjects with metabolic syndrome and its components in communities.

METHODSTotally 5628 subjects aged over 20 years were included. Measurement indicators included height, weight, waist circumference (W) , hip circumference, systolic pressure (SP) , diastolic pressure (DP) , total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride (TG) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) , fasting serum insulin (FIN) , and 2 h postprandial serum insulin (2hIN). Body mass index (BMI) , waist to hip ratio (WHR), and homeostatic model approach-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. According to 1999 WHO definition of metabolic syndrome, these individuals were divided into 4 groups: non-metabolic disorder group, isolated hypertension group, hypertension with one component of metabolic syndrome group, hypertension with two components of metabolic syndrome group, and hypertension with three components of metabolic syndrome group.

RESULTSAmong subjects with hypertension, 15. 37% were patients with isolated hypertension, 32. 40% with one component of metabolic syndrome, 33. 36% with two components of metabolic syndrome, and 18. 87% with three components of metabolic syndrome. BMI, W, WHR, TC, TG, LDL-C, FPG, 2hPG, FIN, 2hIN and HOMA-IR in three groups (hypertension with one component of metabolic syndrome group, hypertension with two components of metabolic syndrome group, and hypertension with three components of metabolic syndrome group) significantly increased than those in isolated hypertension group (P < 0. 01 ). The hypertensive patients showed a higher insulin resistance, despite other metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the hypertensive patients with more components of metabolic syndrome showed a higher chance to get insulin resistance. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed FPG, 2hPG, FIN, 2hIN, BMI, SP and TC were risk factors of HOMA-IR.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with isolated hypertension are rare in community-based population. About 85% of hypertensive patients have more than one metabolic disorders, more than half of were metabolic syndrome. The percentage of total body fat, levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors of insulin resistance.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Waist-Hip Ratio

OBJECTIVE: To localize the gene of autosomal dominant familial dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect. METHODS: A Chinese family which was diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect was studied. Venous blood (3 - 5 mL) from some family members was collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood. Then whole genome wide scan was performed after excluding the known markers on the candidate loci (CMD1A, CMD1 E, CMD1F, and CMD1H) by two-point linkage analysis. RESULTS: No significant evidence for linkage was found in the two point linkage analyses to the known markers in the analyzed family. And the whole genome wide scan showed the maximum LOD score reached 2.68 at marker D3S1614 ( at recombination fraction theta = 0). CONCLUSION The related gene in this kindred is located on 3q26 other than on CMD1A, CMD1H, CMD1E, and CMD1F.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity.

METHODSBMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter.

RESULTS1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA > or = 100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r = 0.73-0.77, P < 0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific factor. 4) Among subjects with BMI > or = 28 kg/m2 or WC > or = 95 cm, 95% of men and 90% of women appeared to have abdominal visceral obesity.

CONCLUSIONMeasurements of BMI, WC, and WHR can be used in the prediction of abdominal visceral obesity, of which WC was the one with better accuracy.

Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Forecasting ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Obesity ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the C to T variant at the -55 site of the promoter region of uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) with the resting energy expenditure and the parameters of body fat in Chinese population.

METHODSThree hundred Chinese (91 normal weight subjects, 209 overweight/obesity subjects) were genotyped for the UCP3 gene -55(C>T) by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Resting energy expenditure (REE), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and the parameters for regional adipose tissue distribution were measured.

RESULTSGenotype frequencies of UCP3 gene -55(C>T) were not associated with obesity and different types of obesity. The REE level in normal weight subjects with TT homozygotes was higher than that in those with CT heterozygotes and CC homozygotes (P=0.0200). Similar tendency was also observed in overweight/obesity subjects. The FM/FFM exhibited significant difference between the overweight/obesity subjects with a TT genotype and those with a CT or CC genotype (P=0.0096).

CONCLUSIONThe level of difference in REE caused by the polymorphism of promoter region of UCP3 -55(C>T) may play a role in energy metabolism in Chinese.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Energy Metabolism ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Uncoupling Protein 3

Objective To evaluate the pathophysiological change of diabetes and its significance in the treatment of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 322 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study and were divided into 2 groups with normal or impaired islet first-phase insulin secretion according to arginine stimulation test.The former group was assigned to repaglinide (Novo Norm), rosiglitazone (Avandia) and mefformin subgroups and the latter one to repaglinide,rosiglitazone and glipizide subgroups randomly.Results (1)Compared with baseline,fasting plasma glucose,2 h postprandial plasma glucose and HbA_(1C) were significantly decreased in all subgroups after 3 and 6 months of treatment (all P

BACKGROUNDType 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive loss of beta cell functions. However, the evaluation of beta cell functions is either expensive or inconvenient for clinical practice. We aimed to elucidate the association between the changes of insulin responsiveness and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) during the development of diabetes.

METHODSA total of 1192 Chinese individuals with normal blood glucose or hyperglycemia were enrolled for the analysis. The early insulinogenic index (DeltaI30/DeltaG30), the area under the curve of insulin (AUC-I), and homeostasis model assessment were applied to evaluate the early phase secretion, total insulin secretion, and insulin resistance respectively. Polynomial regression analysis was performed to estimate the fluctuation of beta cell functions.

RESULTSThe DeltaI30/DeltaG30 decreased much more rapidly than the AUC-I accompanying with the elevation of FPG. At the FPG of 110 mg/dl (a pre-diabetic stage), the DeltaI30/DeltaG30 lost 50% of its maximum while the AUC-I was still at a compensated normal level. The AUC-I exhibited abnormal and decreased gradually at the FPG of from 130 mg/dl to higher (overt diabetes), while the DeltaI30/DeltaG30 almost remained at 25% of its maximum value. When hyperglycemia continuously existed at > 180 mg/dl, both the DeltaI30/DeltaG30 and AUC-I were totally lost.

CONCLUSIONThe increased fasting plasma glucose reflects progressive decompensation of beta cell functions, and could be used to guide the strategy of clinical treatments.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; physiopathology ; Fasting ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged