This review analyzed domestic and foreign literatures on intestinal absorption,introduced the current methods and models commonly used in phenolic glycosides researches and their impacts focused on intestinal absorption,summarized the research status,aims to provide a reference for improving their oral bioavailability,improve formulations,new medicine and clinical rational use of phenolic glycosides.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Parotid Gland ; pathology ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the effect on walking ability of the orthotic insole produced by the International College of Biomechanics (ICB) when it is combined with an ankle foot orthosis (AFO).Methods A total of 40 stroke survivors with hemiplegia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 20.In addition to conventional medical treatment and rehabilitation,the control group received AFOs and walking rehabilitation training.The observation group accepted walking training with an ICB orthotic insole combined with an AFO.The experiment lasted 4 weeks.Timed up and go test (TUGT) times,10 m maximum walking speed (10 m MWS) and Berg balance scale (BBS) ratings were recorded before and after the treatment.Results Before the treatment there was no significant difference between the group averages in terms of any of the measures.After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements,with the improvements in the observation group significantly better than those in the control group,on average.Conclusion An ICB orthotic insole combined with an AFO results in better improvements in the walking ability of hemiplegic subjects than an AFO alone.

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of anisodamine on myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression following overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:group control (group C,n =8) ; group exhausting swim (group ES,n =24) and group anisodamine (group AD,n =16).The animal model of overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury was developed by exhausting swim The animals were forced to swim until they were exhausted.The animals sank to the bottom and no righting reflex or escape response was elicited when they were taken out of water in groups ES and AD.In group AD anisodamine 10 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally 20 min before overtraining.Blood samples were taken from inferior vena cava immediately (T1) and at 6 and 24 h after overtraining (T2,T3 ) in group ES and at T2,T3 in group AD for determination of serum cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI) concentration (by ELISA).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression (by immuno-histochemistry).ResultsOvertraining significantly increased serum cTnI concentration and up-regulated myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression in group ES as compared with group C.Anisodamine significantly attenuated overtraining-induced increase in serum cTnI concentration and myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression in group AD as compared with group ES.ConclusionAnisodamine can reduce overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury by down-regulating caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mikulicz' Disease ; Salivary Gland Diseases

Objective: To evaluate the impact of anemia on prognosis of elder patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: A total of 908 consecutive ACS patients elder than 60 years of age with PCI in our hospital from 2010-06 to 2012-06 were studied. According to WHO deifnition of anemia (HB<12.0 g/dL in female and HB<13.0 g/dL in male), the patients were classiifed as Anemia group, n=283 and Non-anemia group, n=625. The patients were followed-up for 1 year. The basic clinical characteristics, incidences of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebravascular events (MACCE) were compared between 2 groups by cardiac death, myocardial re-infarction, worsening of cardiac function, target vessel revascularization, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.
Results: There were 31%of patients suffering from anemia. Anemia group had more patients with the elder age, female gender, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, decreased LVEF, more patients with 3 vessel-disease, and higher mortality at 1 year after PCI, higher rate of MACCE than those in Non-anemia group, all P<0.05. Multiple regression analysis indicated that anemia is the independent predictor for mortality in elder ACS patients at 1 year after PCI, P<0.05.
Conclusion: Anemia may increase the incidences of mortality and MACCE in elder ACS patients after PCI for a long-term.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the transcription level of gene hld of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the biofilm forming and detaching under MIC antibiotic and explore the relationship between biofilm-related drug resistance and persistant infection.METHODS The transcription level of gene hld of S.epidermidis under MIC concentration of 4 antibiotics was compared with those of the control group without antibiotics by SYBR real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR at the different time point of biofilm formation and detachment.RESULTS The transcription of gene hld decreased rapidly from initial adherence,and droped continuously for few hours.There was an increase from 24 hours to 72 hours in groups without antibiotics but not in antibiotics groups,the differenet was significant.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics improve adherence at first and then prevent matrix decomposition water-conducting tube and detachment of cells by impact of transcription of gene hld,it can protect cells from killing by inhibiting the penetration of biotics and prevent them become planktonic cells after detachment from biofilm.

Objective To observe the effects of static pressure on the number of cultured retinal M?ller glial cells(RMGC)and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and heat shock protein(HSP)70 by these cells.Design Experimental study. Participants Cultured rat RMGC.Methods Rat RMGCs were cultured and identified according to previous method described by Reichenbach.These cells were treated with different static pressures and divided into 4 groups:A(1.33kPa),B(2.67kPa),C(5.33kPa)and D(10.67 kPa)while the cells without treatment was as control group(NC).The morphologies of RMGC in these groups were observed under inverted phased contrast microscope,the number of RMGC counted with conservative method and the viability were studied with trypan blue staining.The expressions of GFAP and HSP70 in RMGCs were detected with the method of western blot.Main Outcome Measures The morphologies of RMGC,cell number,cell viability.Results There were pressure-dependent changes of RMGC number. The cell number of group C and D was less than that of group NC,A and B(P＜0.01).High static pressure resulted directly in the decreased ratio of unstained RMGCs(P＜0.01).The ratio of unstained RMGCs in group C and D was less than that in group NC,A and B(P＜0.01).Many cells in group C and D were injured and the higher the pressure elevated,the more the degree of injury became.The expressions of GFAP and HSP70 in group NC were less than other pressure treated groups and the expression of GFAP in group C and D was higher than that in group A and B.There was no obvious difference between these pressure treated groups.Conclusions High static pressure could cause the injuries of RMGCs.The increased expression of GFAP and HSP70 in RMGC might be regarded as a sign of retinal injury response to high intraocular pressure.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characterstics of phenotype and genotype of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) by molecular line probe assay and liquid culture with MGIT960.MethodsGenoType MTBDR Kits were used for identifying the types of the first-line and second-line antituberculosis drug resistant genes partly and BD MGIT960 was used for detecting the chug susceptibility.Results( 1 ) Out of 94 MDR-TB strains,the rate of drug resistant to EMB,AMK,OFX and MFX by BD MGIT960 assay were 36.2%,17.0%,54.3% and 55.3%,respectively.Among these isolates,13 were extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).(2) Compared with MGIT960,the concordance rate of GenoType MTBDRplus was 86.2% and 95.7% respectively.Taking MGIT960 results as reference,the sensitivity of GenoType MTBDRsl detecting the susceptibility of EMB,AMK,OFX and MFX to 94 isolates were 47.1%,81.3%,94.1%,94.2%,respectively.The specificity were 75.0%,98.7%,90.7%,92.9%,respectively.(3) Among the rpoB mutation categories,S531L accounts for most.MTB resistant to IFN caused by the mutation of katG chiefly and the S315T1 was in the majority.The gyrA mutation sites located at the ninety-fourth codon most.Out of 94 strains,23 were mixed with 2 kindsof Mycobacterium tuberculosis at least and 7 were undetectable mutations.Conclusion Among the M/XDR-TB,the strains resistant to INH,RFP,AMK,OFX and MFX were caused most by the mutation of katG,rpoB,rrs and gyrA,respectively.The relationship between EMB and embB was not so clear relatively.As a fast detecting drug susceptibility test kit,GenoType MTBDR possess good sensitivity and specificity.So,it could be as an assistant method to guide the therapy on clinic.

Objective Toexplore the correlation of ApoE gene polymorphism and serum uric acid levels in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China.Methods A case-control study.October 2011 to November 2011, five hundred twenty eight ( 296 male, 232 female ) apparently healthy individuals were studied.Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed by standard operation procedure.Fasting blood was collected for biochemistry testing including serum lipid parameters , uric acid concentration and creatinine levels.The multi-ARMS PCR was applied to determine ApoE genotypes ,and the relation of ApoE genotypes with serum lipid parameters and uric acid levels were analyzed.Non-normal distribution were compared using cause and inspection.Results The common six kinds of ApoE genotype can be detected.The total cholesterol ( TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) and uric acid ( UA) levels in different genotype subgroups had statistical differences.The individuals with ε2/3 genotype had a significantly greater reductions in TC and LDL-C levels but increment in uric acid concentration than those withε3/3 and ε3/4 genotype (P<0.05).The effect of ApoE gene polymorphism on uric acid levels still remained significantly after adjustment for age , gender , region and other factors.Conclusion The ApoE polymorphism is associated with serum uric acid levels and individuals with ε2 allele have higher serum uric acid levels.